Dante and the early astronomers

(Pages 1 to 206 are in Part I.: 207 onwards, in Part II.)

• Abrachis (Hipparchus), 193
• Abul Hazan, 184
• Abul Wefa, 183, 194
• “Acerba,” 227, 243
• Achernar, 12, 155, 156, 295
• Achilles, Shield of, 53
• Adam, 349, 438
• Albategnius, 183, 193, 202, 239, 275
• Albertus Magnus, 204, 232, 237, 239, 241, 292, 306, 324, 342, 432, 443, 454
• ”and meteors, 319
• Albert of Saxony, 464, n. 465
• Al Betrugi (Alpetragius), 184
• Albumassar, 239, 245, 443, 473
• Alchabicius, 202
• Alchemy, 212-13, 215
• Aldebaran, 155, 156
• Alexander the Great, 79, 80, 112, 145
• Alexandria, 113, 118, 122, 134, 135, 156, 157, 172
• ”Astronomers of, 122, 124, 137, 153, 163, 171, 175, 288
• ”Museum and observatory of, 113, 114, 116, 117, 122, 135
• ”School of, 112 et seq., 163
• Alfarcatein, 187, 234
• Alfonso X., 195, 203, 242
• Alfraganus, 183, 233-37, 243
• ”editions of, 235, 437, n. 458
• ”geography of, 337
• ”writings of, 184 et seq., 193-4
• ”and climates, 324, 397
• ” ” colure, 403
• ” ”  Dante, 253, 254, 273, 275, 286, 288-90, 299, 313, 315,
• 328, 335, 347, 403, n. 403, 436-37, 444, 448-51, 458-9
• ”    and eclipses, 338
• ”      ” meteors, 320
• ”      ” moon, 349, 448-49
• ”      ” precession, 288, 439
• ”      ” Regulus, 406
• ”      ” Ristoro, 245-47
• Algazel, 245
• Almagest, 114, n. 115, 123, 136, 154, 159, 163, 182, 184, 193, 209, 218, 232, 238
• ”  translations of, 201-2
• Al Mamun, 182, 185, 186, 192
• ‘Almanach Dantis Aligherii,’ 421-23
• Al Mansur, 181
• Alpha Draconis, 127
• ” Centauri, 155, 191
• ” Phœnicis, 156
• Amerigo Vespucci, 294
• Anaxagoras, 60, 61, 76, 98, 239, 305
• Anaximander, 26, 56, 66, 75, 76, 91, 99
• Anaximenes, 60, 98
• Andrea Corsali, 294
• Angelitti, Prof., 281, 410, 415, 417, 423
• Angels, 249, 284, 302, 311, 388, 414-15, 441, 477, 482-84, 489, 494
• Angelo de Gubernatis, n. 399
• Anomaly, of planets, 140, 143
• Antæus, 371
• Antares, 30
• Antichthon, 71, 75, 101, 236
• Antipodes, 66, 176, 324
• Antonelli, n. 295
• Apogee, 119;
• of moon, 148, 449, 450;
• of sun, 146, 193
• Apollonius, 118, 141
• Aquarius, 33, n. 36, 145, 149, 156, 277, 290, 385
• Aquila, 12
• Aquinas, St. Thomas, 201, 204 et seq., 211, 237, 238, 241, 306, 339, 454, 479, 483, 484
• Arabs (see also Mahomedan)
• ”  astronomers, 218;
• year, 39;
• zodiac, 30
• ”  and astrology, 213;
• astronomy, 181 et seq.
• Aratus, 25 Note, 31, 32, 34, 35, n. 35, 58, 168
• Archimedes, 107
• Arcturus, 36, 52, 155, 190, 191
• Arculf, 176
• Argo, n. 36
• Aries (see also Ram), 40, n. 43, 265, 279, 281, 290, 325, 356, 368, 373, 374, 387, 398, n. 399
• ”  first point of, 129, 185, 277, 357, 403, 404
• ”  and astrology, 249
• ”  ” Jupiter, 418
• ”  ” Mars, 476
• ”  ” Sun, 277, 278, 281, 323, 325, 333, 367, 368, 383, 396, 398, 402-5, 418, 419, 422, 473
• Aristarchus, 107 et seq., 111, 120, 121, 153, 191, 492
• Aristophanes, 162
• Aristotle, 58, 66, 95 et seq.
• ” cosmogony of, 101-02, 103 et seq., 123, 160, 201, 204
• ” influence on science, 80, 136, 182, 184, 193
• ” translations of, 214, 237
• ” and Arabs, 184
• ”  ”  Averroës, 463
• ”  ”  Calippus, 95, 107
• ”  ”  the Galaxy, 237, 305, 306
• ”  ”  Dante, 235-38, 241, 254-55, 261, 301, n. 321, 342,
• 431, 442, 451, 454, 464-65, 480-84
• ”  ”  gravity, 445
• ”  ”  Latin authors, 170
• ”  ”  Mars, 310, 433
• ”  ”  meteors, 319, 321
• ”  ”  music of the spheres, 455
• ”  ”  Plato, 85
• ”  ”  southern hemisphere, 353
• ”  ”  spheres 431, 432, 434, 461
• Aruns, 472
• Aryabhata, 110-11
• Arym, 247, 329
• Arzachel, 184, 195
• Asdente, 212, 472
• Assisi, St. Francis of, 271
• Astrolabe, 114, 115, 122, 144, 192, 202, 203, 341
• ” invention of, 115, 133
• Astrologers, 213, 231, 369, 419, 469, 476
• ”  of Brescia, 211;
• 13th century, 216
• Astrology (see also Star Influence, and Astronomy, Judicial), 6, 45, 47, 157, 161, 172, 211 et seq.,
• 218, 243, 245, 249, 308, 471, 476, 478-9
• ”  Arab, 183, 200, 213
• ”  books on, 202-3
• ”  Egyptian, 113, 157
• ”  Jewish, 213
• ”  professors of, 200
• ”  and planets, 211
• Astronomy, Alexandrian, 112 et seq., 218, 231, 288, 335
• ”  Arab, 181 et seq., 190, 204, 232, 239, 243, 245, 461-3
• ”  Babylonian, 40 et seq., 209, 421 (see also Babylonians)
• ”  Chinese, 29 et seq., 115
• ”  Egyptian, 209 (see also Egyptians)
• ”  Greek, 209, 236, 314, 445, 461 (see also Greeks)
• ”  Indian (see Hindu, and India)
• ”  judicial, 124, 213, 233, 261 (see also Astrology)
• ”  Moorish, n. 200, 203
• ”  Persian, 195
• ”  primitive of, 25 et seq.
• ”  in Spain, 183, 194
• ”  taught by Church, 176
• ”  personified, 217
• ”  and Dante, 1
• Atlas, 98; Mt. Atlas, 53
• Augustine, St., 175, 238, 239, 479
• Augustus, Emperor, 171, 175, 319, 359
• Auriga (Charioteer), 144
• Averroës, 184, 204, 232, 239, 246, 342, 432, 462
• Avicenna, 202, 239, 247, 305
• Babylon, 69, 80, 156, 181
• Babylonia, 18, 36, 81
• Babylonians, 36-38;
• astronomers, 110, 125, 127, 144, 161
• ”   and astronomy, 43-4
• ””  calendar, 40 et seq.
• ””  cosmogony, 45, 46, 47, 48, 55, 57
• ””  day division, 27
• ””  eclipse records, 80, 81, 144
• ””  gnomon, 26
• ””  occultations of planets, 105
• Bacon, Roger, 202, 249, 275, 292, 342, 343
• Baghdad, 141-3, 181 et seq., 245, 432
• ”  astronomers, 194-5
• ”  observatory, 142 (see also Arab Astronomers)
• Bartolommeo della Scala, 226, 227
• Bear: Great, 12, 25, 36, 52, 56, 157, 187, 297-8, 334;
• Little, 25, 56, 187, 297-98, 334 (see also Ursa Major and Minor)
• Beatrice, 1, 253, 237, 284, 376, 390, 392, 394, 401, 441, 455, 473
• ”  age of, 253, 288, 413-4
• ”  death of, 224, 253, 254, 314, 316, 414
• ”  Dante’s first meeting with, 253, 272, 273
• ”  guiding Dante, 262, 330, 367, 373, 392, 393, 400, 401
• ”  and Moon, 462, 475
• ”   ”  Sun, 271, 392
• Beazley, n. 342, n. 384
• Bede, 178, 250, 454
• Belacqua, 376
• Benet Naax, 187, 234
• Benevento, 242
• Benvenuto da Imola, 383, 418
• Betelgeux, 155
• Boccaccio, 224, 225, 228, 231, 274, 413, 414, 418, 422
• Boëthius, 1, 177, 284, 296
• Boffito, Prof., 423
• Bologna, 199 et seq., 227, 277 (see also Universities)
• Boötes, 52, 284, 298
• Borneo, natives of, and gnomon, 26
• British Astronomical Association, Journal of, n. 29, n. 34
• ”  Museum, 36, 40
• Brown, Robert, 24 Note, 32, n. 34, 35, 156
• Brunetto Latini, 218, 225-6, 241-2, 248-9, 274-5, 292, n. 349, 369, 414, 470, 473, 481
• Bull, see Taurus
• Cacciaguida, 3, 313
• Calendar, 29, 36, 47; Ancient, 33, 34
• ”  Arab, 39, 184
• ”  Babylonian, 40, 41, 127
• ”  Berber, Persian, Syrian, 184
• ”  Chinese, 39
• ”  Ecclesiastical, 176, 203
• ”  Egyptian, 39, 184
• ”  Greek, 161, 162, n. 172
• ”  Hindu and Parsee, 127
• ”  Julian, and Roman, 171, 176, 184, 274 et seq.
• ”  luni-solar, 176
• ”  Mahomedan, 39
• Calippus, 93, 107, 145, 162; cycle, 172
• Callisthenes, 80
• Campaldino, 224
• Cancer, 145, 174, 185, 269, 277, 280-2, 325, 394, 397
• Can Grande della Scala, 416, 426, 441, 473
• Canopus, 12, 67, 134, 155, 295
• Canton, 27
• Capella (star), 155
• ”  Martianus, 170, 177
• Capricornus, 33, 43, 144, 185, 277, 282, 325, 342, 360, 374
• Carnac, 29
• Casella, 374, 414, 426
• Cassiodorus, 177
• Cassiopeia, 12
• Castor and Pollux, 43, 290, 333
• Catalano, Friar, 227
• Cato, 373-4
• Cecco d’ Ascoli, 200, 216, 226, n. 227, 241-4, 249, 478
• Celestial Movements, 9-20, 25, 28, 29, 38, 47, 56, 62, 65, 86, 102-3, 105,
• 136 et seq., 159, 174, 209, 248, 261-4, 299,
• 357, 367, 409, 429, 430, 432, 438, 457, 483, 487
• ”direct, 16, 147
• ”and Alfraganus, 185 et seq.
• ” ”  astrology, 211
• ” ”  Brunetto Latini, 243
• ” ”  tables of, 22, 23
• ” ”  daily, 13
• ” ”  retrograde, 16, 18, 44, 116, 147
• Centaur, n. 36, 294; Alpha Centauri, 155
• Central Fire, 75, 85, 101, 102, 109, 159
• Cetus, n.36
• Chalcidius, 238
• Chaldea, 172
• Charioteer, see Auriga
• Charlemagne, 178, 182
• Charles of Hungary, 256
• Charles of Valois, 318
• Chinese, and comets, 45;
• gnomon, 20, 114;
• year, 38;
• zodiac, 29, 31
• China, 291, 343
• Christian Era, Introduction of, 177
• Church, Catholic, 210, 216, 219, 335, 346-8, 410, 419, 431, 432, 480, 483;
• and spheres, 433
• Cicero, 1, 109, 167-8, 171, 217, 237-9
• Cleanthes, 496
• Cleomedes, 135, 457
• Clepsydra, 27, 115, 122, 133, 141
• Climates, 158, 186, 187, 247-8, 324, 347, 397
• Clocks, pendulum, 16;
• water, 27, 115 (see also Clepsydra)
• Colure, 185, 403
• Comets, 45, 66, 103, 174, 175, 176, 262,
• 318 et seq., 487, 490, 491
• “Composizione del Mondo,” 244 et seq., 292
• Conjunction, 24, 142, 191
• “Consolations of Philosophy,” 1
• Constantine, 262
• Constantinople, 201
• Constellations, 454;
• ancient, 33, 34, 80
• ”  Arab, 30, 188, 234
• ”  Egyptian, 34;
• Hebrew, 34;
• Hindu, 30
• ”  figures of, 115, 154-55, 168, 246, 248, 289, 443, 451
• ”  influences of, 246, 451
• ”  naming and origins of, 24 Note, 32, 33, 36, 47, 51, 80, 161
• ”  southern, 246
• ”  and Astrology, 211
• “Convivio,” 255, 258, 357, 464, 466, 468, 476
• Copernicus, 66, 111, 136, 210
• Cordova, 183
• Corona Borealis, 299
• Corsica, 344, 383, 384
• Corvino, 293, 343
• Corvus, n. 36
• Cosmas Indicopleustes, 175
• Cosmogonies, Ancient, 45, 63, 160;
• Babylonian, 45, 53, 57;
• Egyptian, 45, 53, 83, 109;
• Hebrew, 45, 47;
• Hindu, 45;
• Homeric, 53 do. of Anaximander 58-59;
• Aristotle, 103;
• Cosmas, 175;
• Democritus, 63;
• Eudoxus, 88;
• Leucippus, 63;
• Philolaus, 70;
• Plato, 83;
• Ptolemy, 150;
• Pythagorean, 66-75;
• Thales, 55, 56
• Coulton, n. 212
• Creation, 403, 411, 419
• Crystal Spheres, 74, 159 (see also Spheres)
• Cunizza, 415, 426, 472
• Cycles, 45, 55
• Cyprus, 102
• Dante, birth of, 211, 273, 413, 426;
• childhood, 223;
• as Councillor, 224, 414;
• as Prior, 224;
• in exile, 224;
• in Ravenna, 224, 273;
• in Mantua, 444;
• in Rome, 224, 318;
• in Verona, 256, 444;
• death, 165, 216, 224, 273
• ” studies, 223 et seq.;
• quoted, 25
• ” shadow of, in Purgatory, 374, 387-8
• ” wife of, 224-5
• ” and Alfraganus, 234, 254, 289, 449; Asdente, 212
• ”  ”  Aristotle, 96, 102, 105, 235, 241, 254, 480, 482
• ”  ”  ancient writers, 57, 62, 70, 82, 86
• ”  ”  astrology, 261; and astronomy, 25
• ”  ”  Brunetto Latini, 225, 226, 242
• ”  ”  Beatrice, 1, 273
• ”  ”  calendar, 274, 275
• ”  ”  Date of Vision, 357, 409 et seq.
• ”  ”  Classical authors, 237 et seq.
• ”  ”  Frederick II., 214
• ”  ”  Greek astronomy, 105, 262, 306
• ”  ”  philosophers, 461
• ”  ”  Homer, 209
• ”  ”  geography, 337, 339 et seq.
• ”  ”  Jerusalem, 176
• ”  ”  Michael Scot, 215
• ”  ”  Milton, 210
• ”  ”  Moon, 265 et seq.
• ”  ”  music of the Spheres, 455-6
• ”  ”  precession, 274 et seq., 439
• ”  ”  Philosophy, 255
• ”  ”  Ptolemy, 135, 154, 209, 232, 256, 458-9, 468
• ”  ”  Roman Empire, 167, 178
• ”  ”  science, 1, 219, 258
• ”  ”  the Acerba, 244
• ”  ”  stars, 283 et seq.
• ”  ”  southern stars, 293-5
• ”  ”  universities, 226 et seq.
• “Dante e gli Astronomi Italiani,” n. 235, n. 315
• Day, Arab, 253; definitions of, 14, 22, 25, 26;
• divisions of, 52, 161;
• length of, 186;
• sidereal, 12,
• definition of, 22;
• solar, 12;
• Church, 348
• Decimal Notation, introduced, 182
• Declination, definition of, 126
• “De Cœlo” (“On the Heavens”), of Aristotle, 96, n. 96, 105, 170, n. 232, 236, 431, 464
• translations of, 214
• “De Cœlo” of Albertus Magnus, n. 232, 342
• Deferent, definition of, 138; 145, n. 149, 193
• Degrees, invention of, 44
• Delambre, n. 35, n. 126, 149, 156, n. 460
• Della Lana, Jacopo, 418
• Della Valle, n. 398
• Del Virgilio, 227
• Democritus, 64 et seq., 98, 239, 305
• Denebola, 155
• “De Substantia Orbis,” 184
• Dicuil, 178
• Dilgan, 40, 42, 127
• Dionysius Exiguus, 177
• ” the Academician, 239
• ”  ”  Areopagite, 483
• Direct Motion, 16
• Divine Comedy, 237-8, 353, 402, 409
• Dominicans, 204, 241
• Domitian, 171
• Dream of Scipio, 109, 169, 237
• Dreyer, n. 460
• Dupuis, 34
• Earth, 393, 395, 398-401, 490, 491
• ”  centre of, 353, 372, 424, 481
• ”      ” of universe, 66, 75, 83, 84, 85, 88, 91, 96, 98, 99, 100, 109, 112, 120, 137,
• 160, 169, 185, 203, 205, 209, 219, 431, 444, 461, 489
• ”  Counter-, see Antichthon
• ”  dimensions of, 71, 102, 117, 118, 134, 157, 160, 169, 182, 185, 186, 190, 216, 458, 487, 490
• ”  distance from sun, 108, 189
• ”  form of, 56, 59, 63, 66, 67-8, 71, 72, 83, 91, 96, 98, 100, 160, 175, 185, 186
• ”  habitable part, 205, 247, 248, 335, 342, 353, 369, 372, 391, 397, 398, 436, 444, 446, 451, 487
• ”  in equilibrium, 100
• ”  measurement of, 103, 117, 134
• ”  motion of, 17, 66, 70, 71, 85, 88, 99, 101, 142, 186;
• ”  movement of, 431, 438
• ”  resting on air, 63; on water, 56, 98
• ”  revolution round sun, 13, 66, 107, 109, 110, 120, 146, 159, 210, 256, 492
• ”  rotation on axis, 13, 72, 75, 85, 88, 101, 108, 110, 136, 159, 210, 492
• ”  shadow of, 67, 96, 191, 346, 459, 460
• ”  spherical form of (see also form of earth), 102, 209, 219, 237, 487
• Earthly Paradise, see Eden
• Easter, 176, 177, 203, 275, 405, 418, 420, 422, 424
• ” year, 415
• Ebn Jounis, 183
• Eccentrics, 118, 119, 121, 141 et seq., 193, 210, 235
• Eclipses, 18, 55, 57, 67, n. 76, 117, 168, 174, 175, 192, 203, 262, 255 et seq., 266, 465
• ”  annular, 44
• ”  Babylonian records, 80, 96, 113, 144
• ”  lunar, 44, 45, 55, 67, 125, 185, 338, 340, 341, 469
• ”  solar, 245, 338
• Ecliptic, 18, 55, 117, 126, 129, 130, 145, 147, 185, 279, 312, 325, 330, 331, 333, 397, 403, 404, 476
• Ecphantus, 75, 102
• Eden, 205, 295, 296, 334, 349, 353, 394, 401, 453, 454
• ” Richard, 299
• ‘Egyptian System,’ 109, 120
• ”  year, 38, 45
• Egyptians (also Egypt), 27, 28, 36, 45, 67
• ”   astronomers, 55, 56, 105, 124, 125, 144
• ”   astrology, 113, 120, 156
• ”   astronomy, 34, 45, 46, 51, 80, 113, 184
• ”   cosmogony, 45, 53, 55
• ”  and Eudoxus, 66, 88, 100, 151
• ”    ”  Pythagoras, 67
• ”    ”  eclipses, 45
• ‘Elementa Astronomica,’ 184, 234,  253, 273, 313, 320, 347
• ”   translations of, 234
• Elements, The Four, 62, 83, 103, 236, 441 et seq. , 461, 478
• ”          ”    creation of, 441
• ”          ”    and Aristotle, 236, 442
• Ellipse, n. 94
• Elongation, Greatest, E. and W., 142; definition of, 15
• Empedocles, 60, 62, 98, 369
• Empyrean, 204, n. 232, 253, 296, 313, 353, 393, 401, 433, 440, 444, 462, 447, 484, 210, 235, 256,
• Epicycles, def. of, 138 et seq., 121, n. 149, 187, 193, 194,
• 314, 429, 435, 449, 457, 466, 483, 488, 492
• ”   of Venus, 142, 435
• Epping and Strassmeier, n. 36
• Equator (celestial), 10 et seq., 18, 35, n. 35, 65, 115, 126, 130, 185, 323,
• 330, 334, 368, 383, 392, 397, 403, 404, 439, 448, 476
• ”   terrestrial, 238, 246, 247, 322, 324, 329, 336, 337, 342
• Equinox, 30, 124, 126, 274, 278, 282, 326, 330, 334, 340, 347, 348, 349,
• 354, 356, 368, 372, 383, 387, 392, 402-7, 410, 418, 420-3
• ”   date of, 26, 176, 177, 185
• ”   definition of, 12
• ”   observation of, 39, 94, 116, 124, 125
• ”   position of, n. 44, 185
• ”   precession of, 23, 24, 35, 125, 133, 135, 137, 161, 193, 194,
• 232, 275, 287, 356, 384, 432, 435, 439, 483, 488
• ”   and Alfraganus, 439
• Eratosthenes, 117, 134, 240
• Eridanus, (“The River”) n. 35, n. 36, 155, 156
• Eridu, 46
• Esdras, 342
• Ether, 104, 110, 137, 159, 193, 433, 461, 466, 480, 488, 491
• Ethiopia, 336; Ethiopians, 53
• Euclid, 118, 202
• Euctemon, 93, 161
• Eudoxus, 66 et seq., 34, 80, 235;
• spheres of, 90, 106, 107, 109, 112, 113, 118, 123, 141, 159, 161, 170
• ”    and Calippus, 93, 94; and Egypt, 80, 100, 159; and Plato, 81, 88, 159
• Eunoe, 366, 390, 392
• Evection, 147
• Farinata, 413, 417
• Fergil, 178
• Filelfo, 471
• Fire; Central, 431;
• sphere or region of, 58, 308, 442, 480, 487
• First Mover, 106, 159, 204, 254, 444, 478, 483, 484, 489
• Fishes (see Pisces)
• Florence, 1, 158, 201, 211, 215, 216, 224, 225, 226, 242,
• 283, 318, 345, 350, 406, 411-14, 417, 421, 471
• Folco, 346, 459, 472
• Fomalhaut, 155, 156
• Forese, 367
• Forest, The, 266, 358, 367, 369, 378, 386, 406
• Francis, St., 271
• Frederick II., 202, 213 et seq.
• Gades, 340, 345, 366, 395, 397
• Galaxy, 61, 103, 115, 154, 168, 232, 239, 301, 303 et seq., 477
• Galileo, 107, 210
• Gallus, Sulpicius, 167
• Ganges, 205, 340-5, 360, 365, 388, 397, 400
• Gardner, E. G., 228
• Gemini (see also Twins), 43, 44, 145, 149, 273, 280-1, 290,
• 333, 366, 387, 393, 394, 397, n. 399, 404, 461, 473
• Geminus, n. 93, 134
• Genoa, 293
• Geography, 240, 344;
• Arab, 246, 247;
• Alfraganus’, 186;
• Ptolemy’s, 146, 157, 186
• Geryon, 369
• Ghibellines, 213, 227
• Giambullari, 419
• Giuliani, 280
• Gnomon, defined, 13, 26, 28, 47, 56, 114, 116, 122, 125, 161
• ”    introduced into Greece, 26
• ”    and Babylonians, 26;
• Chinese, 29, 114;
• Borneo, 26
• Goat, see Capricorn
• Golius, 235
• Good Friday, 423-26
• Gravity, 100, 137, 160, 169, 191, 237, 445, 447, 482, 493
• Greek Astronomers and Astronomy, 27, 28, 36, 51 et seq., 112, 159, 168, 171,
• 172, 176, 178, 200, 204, 433, 446, 463, 495
• Gruppe, n. 76
• Guelfs, 413
• Guido Bonatti, 213, 472
• Guido Cavalcanti, 416, 426
• Guido of Montefeltro, 213
• Hades, 54
• Hammurabi, 40
• Haroun al Raschid, 182
• He, and Ho, Chinese astronomers, 30
• Heath, n. 75-76
• Heaven, eighth, 366, 402, 475
• ”    fourth, 284
• ”    ninth, 233
• ”    seventh, 284, 455
• ”    third, 429, 483
• ”    of fire, 58 (see also fire)
• ”    of Jupiter, 393
• ”    of Mars, 303, 313, 393
• ”    of Mercury, 332, 441
• ”    of the Moon, 392, 431, 447, 455, 484
• ”    of Saturn, 301, 393, 407
• ”    of Stars, 288, 304, 393
• ”    of the Sun, 240, 256, 272, 373, 381, 431
• ”    of Venus, 256, 393, 429, 435, 459, 483
• Heavens (see also Star sphere), 58, 59, 67, 91, 209, 253, 254, 256, 262,
• 300, 393, 429, 431, 435, 484, 447
• ”  influence of, 266
• ”  revolution of, 9, 18, 20, 51, 57, 62, 63, 70, 74, 75, 82, 85,
• 88, 98, 102, 104, 108, 124, 136, 137, 185
• (see also Celestial motions)
• Hebrew cosmogony, 46, 57; year, 39
• Heinrich of Mainz, 343, 384
• Heliacal rising, 39, 40, 44, 45, 52, 191
• Hell, 205, 353, 358, 367 to 371, 390, 423
• Hemisphere, Southern, 286, 322, 329, 330, 334, 336, 339,  353, 407, 443, 447
• Henry VII., Emperor, 271
• Heracleides, 74, 75, 102, 109
• Hercules, Pillars of, 34, 54, 103, 205, 340, 344, 345
• Herodotus, 55
• Hesiod, 51, 52, 161
• Hesperus, 52
• Hicetas, 74, 75
• Hindu arithmetic, 182;
• astronomy, 181;
• calendar, 127;
• constellations, 30;
• cosmogony, 45;
• zodiac, 30
• Hindus and eclipses, 45
• Hipparchus, 50, 122 et seq., 138, 143, 153, 189, 191, 193, 233, 240, 275, 287, 288, 432, 493
• ”    Star Catalogue of, 123, 144, n. 188
• ”    and Ptolemy, 133-5, 137, 143, 158
• Homer, 34, 51, 52, 72
• Horoscope, 173, 174, 201, 203, 216, 226
• Hose, Dr., 27
• Hours, Church, 347, 348;
• “Equal,” 27, 347, 356;
• “Temporary,” 27, 347, 356
• Hyades, 43, 44
• Hypatia, 163
• Imbriani, n. 227, n. 414
• India (see also Hindu), 103, 111, 181, 339, 343
• Inferno, 283, 307, 367 et seq., 409-10
• ”  and Brunetto Latini, 226
• ”   ”  Michael Scot, 214
• Instruments, astronomical, 13, 113, 133, 135, 182, 203, 218
• Intelligences, 249, 483
• Isaiah, 34, 175
• Isidore, 178, 243, 250
• Japanese, 38
• Jerusalem, 157, 333, 339, 340, 345, 360, 373,
• 374, 388, 395, 397, 400, 401;
• centre of earth, 176, 341, 343, 344, 353, 369;
• latitude of, 387, 406
• Jews, 25, 213, 216;
• astrologer, 202;
• astronomers, 203, 421
• Job, 34
• Johannes Hispalensis, n. 235
• Jowett, n. 82
• Jubilee year (1300 a.d.), 415
• Julius Cæsar, 170, 175, 274
• Jupiter, 16, 120, 141, 145, 150, 169, 189, 310, 311, 407, 418, 451, 491
• ”  colour, 17, 311, 467, 473, 477; dimensions, 488, 490
• ”  period, 23, 69, 91, 109, 142, 436, 437
• ”  and astrology, 174, 243, 468, 473, 476, 477
• Justinian, 300
• Kepler, n. 94
• King, L. W., n. 37
• Knobel, n. 30
• Kugler, n. 35
• Leo, 31, 43, 144, 155, 174, 290, 313, n. 399, 406,
• 407, 410, 411, 418, 420, 422, 423, 473, 476
• Lethe, 390
• Leucippus, 62, 63
• Libra, 31, 185, 265, 278, 325, 365, 378, 380, 388
• ”    and moon, 367, 379, 383, 384, 402, 406, 418
• ”    and sun, 278, 323, 382
• Lignières, De, Canons of, 202
• “Libros de Saber,” 195
• Lion, see Leo
• Lionardo Bruni, 223, 225, 236, 413
• Livy, 238
• Lockyer, Sir Norman, 29, 155
• Lodestone (see also magnet), 211, 291
• Longfellow, n. 393
• Longitude, 338, 339
• Lucifer, 371, 372
• Lubin, n. 236, n. 315
• Lucan, 238, 239, 324, n. 330
• Lucia (imaginary city), 323-27
• ”   the lady, 380
• Macrobius, 109
• Magnet (see also lodestone), 211, 291, 292, 443, 451
• Mahaffy, n. 113
• Mahomedans, 39, 209, 216
• Malacoda, 370, n. 370, 410-12, 426
• Malaspina, 278, 279, 473
• Manfred, 242, 318, 376
• Manilius, 168
• Maps, 205, 343, 344, 384;
• climate maps, 247, 248;
• Greek maps, 247
• Marco Lombardo, 479
• Marco Polo, 293, 342
• Mars, 3, 16, 17, 23, 69, 90, 93, 109, 112, 118, 120, 138,
• 150, 169, 173, 189, 248, 310, 321, 411, 418, 420,
• 451, 467, 468, 476, 488, 490
• ”   colour of, 17; dimensions, 488
• ”   period, 436
• ”   occultation of, 105, 310, 433
• ”   sphere of, 477
• ”   and astrology, 174, 243, 473, 477
• Mathematics, 79, 81, 105, 107, 121, 135, 151, 184, 203
• Matilda, 453
• Maunder, E. W., 24 Note, 35, 127
• Mediterranean, 395, 398
• Mercury, 15, 16, 23, 69, 70, 91, 93, 109, 121, 142 et seq., 144, 169, 189,
• 245, 249, 309 et seq., 407, 418, 451, 467, 490
• ”    diameter, 236;
• dimensions, 458, 477, 488;
• period, 436
• ”    and astrology, 173
• Meridian, 22, 26, 280, 338, 346, 349, 361, 365, 368, 371, 387, 390, 394-7, n. 398, 439
• Meroe, 118
• Meteors, 61, 174, 239, 318, 319, 473, 476, 493; meteorites, 490
• Meteorology, 236
• Meton, 93, 145, 161, 162, 172, 177, 419
• Michael Scot, 213 et seq., 237, 306, 472
• Milky Way, see Galaxy
• Milton, 66, 210, 420, 456
• Mimnermus, 53
• Montaperti, 242, 413
• Month, Babylonian, 41;
• Egyptian, 144;
• Roman, 253;
• Syrian, 253
• ”    defined, 22, 30
• ”   anomalistic, 23;
• intercalary, 38, 170;
• sidereal, 22, 30
• ”   names of, 171
• ”   synodic, 15, 20, 30, 52, 162, 163
• ”   and moon, 266, 350, 436
• Moon, 308, 402, 406, 407, 418, 419, 456, 469, 491
• ”  apogee of, 449
• ”  distance, 105, 108, 148 et seq., 150, 152, 160, 189 et seq., 488
• ”  dimensions of, 56, 114, 152 et seq., 160, 188 et seq.
• ”  ecclesiastical, 419-422
• ”  eclipses, 55
• ”  epicycle, 449
• ”  god, 37
• ”  influence of, 237, 266, 450, 473, 489
• ”  inhabited, 71
• ”  mansions of, 30
• ”  markings on, 61, 231, 248, 266, 269, 392, 393, 462 et seq., 469, 476
• ”  movements of, 13, 14, 18, 29, 100, 105, 114, 117, 146 et seq., 219,
• 257, 264, 265, 339, 350, 383, 402 et seq.
• ”  orbit, 256
• ”  perigee of, 448, 449
• ”  nodes of, 147
• ”  periods:—sidereal, 264, 436, 437; synodic, 437
• ”  phases of, 14, n. 76, 191, 264, 266, 469, 476;
• full, 14, 264, 266, 367, 386, 371, 406, 410, 411, 419, 423;
• gibbous, 264, 266;
• half, 108, 446;
• new, 14, 29, 40, 52, 264
• ”  positions of, 402
• ”  rising, 14, 263, 266, 350
• ”      ”    in Purgatory, 363, 378-80, 389
• ”  setting, 14, 263, 265, 350, 367, 369
• ”      ”    in Purgatory, 380
• ”  sphere of, 169, 308, 449, 465, 477, 484, 487
• ”  substance, 55, 71, 114, 463 et seq., 494
• ”  waning, 262, 266, 380
• ”  worship of, 25
• ”  and astrology, 173, 174, 249, 268, 407, 419, 450, 472 et seq.
• ”    ”  Dante, 261 et seq.
• ”    ”  Mars, 310, 433
• ”    ”  month, 13, 14, 15, 28, 30, 38, 41, 52, 171
• ”    ”  sun, balancing, 265;
• contrasted, 268
• ”    ”  tides, 189 et seq., 237, 445
• ”    ”  time, 266, 349, 367, 369, 370, 406, 419, 488
• ”    ”  zodiac, 265
• Moore, Dr. E., 236, n. 236, n. 237, 308, n. 326, n. 330, 334, n. 340,
• n. 380, 384, n. 411, n. 415, 419, 448, n. 452, n. 469, 471, n. 471
• Moors, 201, 203, 214
• Morning Star, 312, 314, 373, 410, 420, 421, 422, 470, 477
• Morocco, 340, 361
• Motion, Law of, 93, 100, 121, 159, 480
• Movers, see First Mover, and Spheres
• Mulmul, 41
• Music of the Spheres, 67, 104
• Nabonassar, 144
• Naples, 240
• Nasir-ed-din, 195
• Nestorians, 181, 182, 209
• Nero, 171
• Newton, 100, 481
• Nineveh, 34, 44
• Night personified, 278
• Nino, 378, 416, 426
• Nile, 344
• Nones, 219, 348
• Observatories, Alexandria, 113, 116, 135;
• Baghdad, 182;
• Greenwich, 153;
• Pekin, 114;
• Persian, 195;
• The Cape, 153;
• of Eudoxus, 88;
• of Hipparchus, 122
• “Observatory, The,” n. 24, 34
• “On the Heavens,“ see De Cælo
• Occultations, 105, 145
• Omons, 218
• Opposition, defined, 174, 119, 141
• Orion, 12, 36, 52, 155
• Orosius, 240, 341, 343, 384, 438
• Ottimo, 273, 418, n. 473
• Ovid, 168, 238, 239, 297, 305
• Padua, 227
• Paradise (see also Eden), Earthly, 285, 295, 344, 345, 353,
• 366, 373, 385, 390, n. 391, n. 399, 401, 482
• Paradise Lost, 210
• Parallax, 153, 191
• Paris, 158, 201, 204;
• University, 154, 228, 241, 242
• Parmenides, n. 76, 428
• Parsis, 127
• Pekin, 114, 116
• Pericles, n. 61
• Perigee, 23, 119, 148, 150, 448-51
• Persia, 209
• Petrarch, n. 332
• Phaëton, 303, 333
• “Phainomena,” of Aratus, 32, 35
• Philolaus, 70, 85, 431
• Philosophy, 255, 281, 314, 315, 346
• Phœnicians, 25, 56
• Phosphor, 68, 80
• Piccarda, 300
• Pietro d’ Abano, 342
• Pinches, T. C., 48
• Pisces (see also Fishes), 32, 129, 138, 290, 295, 307, 309, 359,
• 360, 368, 370, 373, n. 380, 383, 385, n. 399,
• 403, 406, 407, 410, 411, 418, 420, 423, 494-95
• Planets, defined, 16, 45, 52, 58, 60, 63, 65, 68, 70, 79, 219, 254, 257, 269, 279,
• 289, 307 et seq., 312, n. 399, 419, 461, 466, 468, 488, 494-95
• ”    aspects of, 200, 476
• ”    astrology and, 173-4, 211, 219, 243, 249, 405
• ”    distances of, 150, 189, 194
• ”    houses of, 174, 476, n. 473
• ”    influences of, 254, 472, 473, 474
• ”    movements of, 15, 16, 29, 44, 58, 68, 69, 70, 79, 80, 88-90,
• 104, 118, 123, 138, 159, 248, 312, 330, 331
• ”    names of, 80, 83
• ”    nature of, 461
• ”    periods of, 23, 29, 69, 83, 89, 91, 100, 109, 141, 219, 313, 436
• ”    positions of, 402 et seq., 419
• ”    shadows cast by, n. 280
• ”    varying velocity of, 94, n. 94
• ”    and the sciences, 312
• Plato, 80 et seq., 85, 91, 98, 101, 104, 159, 217, 238,
• 239, 313, 431, 444, 462, 479, 482, 483
• Pleiades, 28, 29, 35, 40, 52, 155
• ”    and Australian legend, 28
• ”      ”  Tahitan natives, 28
• Pliny, 50, 123, 170, 342
• Plunkett, Miss, 34
• Plutarch, 85, 107, 137, 463
• Pole, celestial, 12, 18, 51, 65, 105, 157, 185, 186, 187, 286,
• 287, 289, 297, 302, 323, 335, 434, 439, 477;
• north, 373;
• south, 286, 292, 293, 335, 373, 378, 489
• ”  terrestrial, 247, 322;
• north, 323, 370;
• south, 323
• Pole star, 9, 67, 127, 291, 323
• Popes, 276, 316;
• Boniface VIII., 415, 416;
• Gregory IX., 213;
• Honorarius II., 214;
• Urban IV., 318, 413
• Poseidonius, 134, 157, 170, 240
• Precession of Equinoxes, see Equinox
• Prickard, n. 463
• Primum Mobile, 194, 204, 210, 299, n. 232, 291, 308, 313, 381, 400,
• 401, 432-434, 436, 440, 451, 455, 456, 477, 484
• Proclus, 170
• Proctor, R. A., n.24, 34, 35
• Procyon, 155, 187
• Ptolemy, 5, 24 n. 24 n. 34, 134 et seq., 154, 156, 160, 163, 170, 178, 182,
• 186, 202, 209, 210, 218, 242, 245, 261, 275, 288, 290, 291, 305, 333, 350
• ”    Almagest,  113, 115, 123, 182, 184, 201
• ”  dimensions of earth, 182;
• of heavenly bodies, 191
• ”  geography of, 157, 205, 337, 341
• ”  quoted, 134
• ”  system of, 381, 431, 432, 491
• ”      ”      ”  epicycles, 256, 315
• ”  works by, 156, 157, 182
• ”    and  Apollonius, 118
• ”    ”  Aristarchus, 107
• ”    ”  Arabs, 147, 152, 183, 188, 192-4
• ”    ”  colure, 403
• ”    ”  Dante, 232, 235, 239, 459, 468
• ”    ”  eclipses, 338; and ecliptic, 185
• ”    ”  Hipparchus, 126, 133, 143, 146
• ”    ”  moon, 146, 448, 449
• ”    ”  precession, 187, 193, 432
• ”    ”  Regulus, 406
• ”    ”  stars, 292, 294, 339
• ”    ”  Venus, 315
• Ptolemy Philadelphus, 144
• ”    Ptolemies, Royal, 113
• Purgatory, 105, 205, 295, 345, 360, 367, 370, 372, 373, 390, 401, 407, 453, 454
• ”    gate of, 362, 380, 385, 453
• ”    latitude of, 286, 353, 387
• ”    Mountain of, 105, 262, 286, 295, 311, 312, 332-5, 353, 360 et seq., 373,
• 375, 378, 381, 382, 385, 386, 388, 390, 452, 453, 455
• Pyramids, 45, 81, 127
• Pythagoras, 66 et seq., 236, 238, 302, 431
• Pythagoreans, 62, 66 et seq., 75, n. 76, 79, 85, 88, 91, 96, 100, 101, 102, 104, 110, 111, 304, 490
• Quadrivium, 177
• ‘Quæstio de Aqua et Terra,’ 256, 258, 340, 444, 452
• Ram (see Aries), 279
• Ravenna, n. 227, 273
• Regulus, 43, 144, 155, 187, 290, 406, 411, 420
• Retrograde Motion, 16
• Rhodes, 67, 122, 134, 158
• Rigel, 155
• Ristoro, 217, 241 et seq., 257, 268, 274, 292, 288, 300, 328, 329, 444, n. 451, 464, n. 478
• ”   and comet, 318;
• constellations, 443, 451;
• eclipses, 317;
• ecliptic, 331;
• habitable earth, 446;
• meteors, 319
• Rizzacasa d’Orsogna, Prof., 400
• Rome, 111, 157, 241, 316, 319, 323, 345, 383, 385, 396, 415
• ”   Church of, influence on astronomy, 175, 178
• ”   Empire of, 262; influence on astronomy, 138, 167, 172, 178
• Rome, and calendar, 172, 175
• Rubruquis, Friar, 342
• Sacrobosco, 202, 249
• Sagittarius, 279, 281, 290, 380, 383, 385
• St. Bernard, 312, 354, 401
• St. John, 282, 317
• St. Louis, King, 342
• St. Paul, 32, 483
• St. Peter, 396, 468
• Salimbene, 212
• Saracens, 214
• Sardinia, 344, 364, 383, 384
• Saturn, 16, 23, 69, 91, 105, 109, 120, 141, 169, 189, 279, 281, 311, 364, 389, 393,
• n. 398, 406, 407, 410, 411, 417, 420, 422, 423, 450, 456, 468, 469, 490
• ”  dimensions, 488; movements, 311;
• period, 436
• Scales, see Libra
• Scartazzini, 379, n. 455
• Schiaparelli, n. 35, n. 39, n. 236
• Schwary, 34
• Scipio, 168-69, 393; Dream of, 168, 237
• Scorpio, 30, 31, 43, 365, 378, 379, 380, 383, 384, 385, 387, 405, 476, 489
• Seleucus, 110
• Seneca, 66, 169, 174, 237, 239, 342, 473;
• and meteors, 319
• Shakespear, 456
• Sheol, 46
• Sigieri, 228
• Simplicius, 90, 170
• Sirius, 39, 52, 67, 115, 155, 187
• Socrates, 82, 83, 239
• Solstice, definition of, 11, 26, 29, 107, 117, 127, 185, 277, 394
• Sordello, 378, 382
• Sosigines, 171
• Southern Cross, 12, 156, 294
• Spain, 339-42, 388
• Spheres, 9, 57, 58, 62, 65, 68, 83, 84, 104, 137, 169, 184, 187,
• 204, 219, 249, 254, 257, 262, 302, 358, 392, 393, n. 399,
• 429 et seq., 444, 452, 457, 473, 478, 418
• ”  crystalline, 433
• ”  eighth sphere, 466
• ”  elevating power of, 443
• ”  homocentric, 112
• ”  influence of, 239, 249, 254, 478, 479, 485, 488, 494
• ”  movement of, 395, 400, 453
• ”  movers of, 106, 159, 204, 254, 400, 482, 483, 484, 496
• ”  music of, 67, 68, 104, 169, 302, 392, 455, 456
• ”  ninth, 432-3
• ”  sky as a, 51
• ”  substance of, 95, 104, 193, 433, 461
• ”  ‘unrolling,’ 95, 102, 106
• ”  of air, 442, 452
• ”  of Eudoxus, 88, 89, 94, 106, 107, 112
• ”  of fire, 103, 159, 308, 392, 442, 453, 455, 490
• ”  of moon, 103, 308, 477
• ”  of sun, 88, 93, 253
• ”  of stars, 13, 67, 70, 72, 89, 94, 95, 96, 109, 129, 137, 152,
• 160, 187, 253, 313, 356, 433, 437, 438, 456, 476, 477
• ”  of water, 442, 443
• ”  and Arabs, 194
• ”    ”  Roger Bacon, 118, 202
• ”    ”  time, 401
• Spica, 124-6, 130, 155
• Stars, 219, 283 et seq., 489, 402, 493-94
• ”  brightness of, 123, 154, 187
• ”  catalogues, 123, 133, 144, 154, 187, 288;
• Abu Hazan’s, 184;
• Hipparchus’, 188;
• Ptolemy’s, 187
• ”  Dante’s ‘quindici stelle,’ 155
• ”  dimensions of, 190, 488
• ”  globes, 115
• ”  distance of, 17, 108, 153, n. 190, 488, 492-93
• ”  influence of, 211, 254, 256, 443, 450, 473, 475, 478, 479, 488
• ”  magnitudes of, 154, 187, 188, 234, 289, 299, 488;
• first-magnitude, 154, 187
• ”  movements of, 9, 51, 52, 83, 84, 86, 97, 136, 187, 284,
• 286, 287, 289, 301, 354, 424, 495, 496
• ”  new, 123
• ”  number of, 123, 187, 288, 477, 495
• ”  Pole, 291, 299
• ”  positions of, 42, 123, 126, 193
• ”  shooting, 103, 185, 262, 301, 319, 487, 490
• ”  southern, 283, 293, 373, 378, 489
• ”  substance of, 103, 104, 136
• ”  worship of, 37, 38, 51
• ”  and human souls, 86
• ”    ”  Milky Way, 103
• ”    ”  time, 257, 285, 289, 367, 488
• Stationary points, 16, 44, 121
• Statius, 385-7, 453
• Stilbon, 80
• Stoics, 112, 134, 463
• Stobæus, 107
• Stonehenge, 29
• Strabo, 170, 240
• Styx, 54
• Sumerians, 36, 38;
• year, 38
• Sun, boat of, 45, 46
• ”  brightness of, 270, 282, 462, 477, 488, 469
• ”  centre of universe, 101, 110
• ”  dimensions of, 56, 110, 146, 153, 188, 457-8, 469, 488, 491
• ”  distance of, 108, 146, 153, 189, 193, 457-8
• ”  door of, 46
• ”  god, 37, 48, 54
• ”  heaven of, see Heavens
• ”  Lake of, 54
• ”  movements of, 10, 13, 39, 53, 55, 62, 115, 116, 120, 145, 146, 185, 187,
• 247, 256, 272-4, 276, 322 et seq., 338, 346, 349, 390-2, 402, 403
• ”  perigee of, 448
• ”  period of, 436
• ”  positions of, during Vision, 402 et seq.
• ”  rise, 10, 13, 14, 25, 28, 54, 267, 270, 271, 273, 339, 346, 348, 356, n. 356, 406
• ”  rise in Forest, 354, 358, 367, 369
• ”    ”  in Purgatory, 271, 360, 362, 363, 364, 366, 374, 385, 389, 406
• ”  set, 10, 13, 14, 48, 253, 262, 271, 273, 279, 280,
• 282, 294, 339, n. 336, 350, 356, 383, 385
• ”    ”  in Purgatory, 271, 361, 363 to 366, 378, 382, 388
• ”  source of all light, 470, 477, 488
• ”  worship of, 25, 37, 45
• ”  and astrology, 173, 473, 477
• ”    ”  comets, 103
• ”    ”  Dante, 267, 270 et seq.
• ”    ”  stars, 254, 470, 477
• ”    ”  time, 219, 254, 257, 349, 367, 372, 488
• Sundial, 27, 115, 158, 182, 192, 219
• Syene, 117, 156
• Sylvester II., 203
• Synodic revolution, 22, 30
• ‘Syntaxis’ (see Almagest), n. 125, 136, 157, 182, 193, 209
• Tabit ben Korrah, 194
• Tables:—
• ”  Alfonsine, 195, 202, 203, 242, 275, 341;
• astronomical, 203, 242, 245;
• Greek, 117;
• Hakemite, 183;
• Toledo, 184, n. 202, 421
• ”  of constellations, 31, 154;
• Days of the Vision, and positions of sun, etc., 425;
• Ptolemy’s first-magnitude stars, 155;
• planetary distances and dimensions, 189;
• positions of sun and moon, 190;
• planetary periods, 91, 436;
• planets in zodiac, 325;
• revolutions of sun, moon, and planets, 22, 23;
• time references in the Divine Comedy, 358-66
• Tartarus, 54
• Taurus, n. 35, 43, n. 43, 144, 148, 149,
• 365, 387, 399, 403, 410, 422
• “Tesoretto,” 226, 242
• “Tetrabiblios,” 156, 233, 234
• Thales, 50, 55 et seq., 60, 61, n. 76, 98, 238, 239, 297
• Theon of Alexandria, 163
• Theon of Smyrna, 135, 144
• Tides, 134, 257, 445
• Tierce, 220, 347, 348, 372
• Timæus, 82, 101, 238
• Time, measurement of, 25, 47, 84, 86, 161, 162, 170, 186
• Thule, 157
• Timocharis, 124, 125, 144
• Toledo, 202, 213
• ”    tables of, 184, n. 202, 421
• Toynbee, Paget, n. 225, n. 236, n. 241, n. 417, n. 437, n. 464
• Tozer, H. F., n. 476
• Trepidation, 194, n. 232-3
• “Trèsor, Li Louvres dou,” 218, 226, 243
• Trigonometry, spherical, 113, 123, 153, 183;
• invention of, 133
• Trivium and Quadrivium, 177, 261, 312
• Twins, see also Gemini, 279, 400
• Tycho Brahè, 120
• Ulysses, 51, 52, 292, 335, 340, 370, 395
• Universe (see Cosmogonies), 97;
• dimensions, 390, 459;
• of Dante, 257, 258, 353 et seq., 489
• Universities,
• Bologna, 199, 216, 226, 227, 241, 478;
• mediæval, 199 et seq.;
• Naples 240;
• Padua, 227;
• Paris, 199, 213, 228, 241;
• Oxford, 199, 213;
• Rome, 241
• Ur, 37
• Urban IV., 201
• Ursa, Major, (see also Bear, and Wain), 234, 295 et seq., 322, 368
• ”    Minor, 234, 297, n. 299
• Varaha Mihira, n. 111
• Vega, 155, 187
• Venturi, 453
• Venus, 3, 15, 17, 23, 69, 80, 90, 93, 109, 112, 121, 144, 150,
• 169, 279, 281, 286, 300, 307, 309, 314, 373, 389,
• n. 399, 406-11, 418-25, 481-66
• ”  dimensions, 488
• ”  distance, 458 et seq.
• ”  goddess of, 38
• ”  movements of, 314, 315, 435, 477
• ”  movers of, 483
• ”  phases of, 492
• ”  period of, 314, 315, 436
• ”  and astrology, 173, 189, 472, 477
• ”  as evening star, 52, 142
• ”  as morning star, 15, 52, 64, 68, 142
• Verona, 226, 256, 444
• Vespers, 219, 348
• Villani, 213, 223, 226, 319
• Virgil, 167, 168, 239, 271, 328, 374, 381, 441
• ”    quoted, 173, 279
• ”    works of, 238
• ”    as guide, 286, 354, 367, 371, 387, 409, 481
• ”    and sun, 271, 333, 381, 392
• Virgin, Virgo, 12, 32, 124, 141, 144, 290, 384, 418
• Vision, date of Dante’s, 357, 407 et seq.;
• duration of 354-7, 401
• ‘Vita Nuova,’ 253, 257, 411, 432
• Wain, The (see also Bear), 293, 295, 359, 368, 373
• Wellhausen, n. 39
• Wicksteed, P. H., n. 277, 306, 447
• World-soul, 98, 159
• Xenophanes, 98
• Yaou, Emperor, 29;
• Canon of, 38
• Year, 253; definition of, 23
• ”  Arab, 39;
• Babylonian, 40, 128, 161;
• Chinese, 38;
• Egyptian, 39, 45;
• Hebrew, 39;
• Greek, 161, 162, n. 172;
• Mahomedan, 39;
• Persian, 313;
• Roman, 170;
• Sumerian, 38
• ”  civil, 22;
• luni-solar, 38, 39, 93;
• lunar, 39;
• sidereal, 22, 128;
• solar, 22, 56, 128, 163;
• tropical, 22, 129, 161, 162, 171, 193, 274, 275
• ”  leap, 171, 276
• ”  length of, 187, 274
• ”  and Hipparchus, 128, 135
• Ziggurat, 37
• Zodiac, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 23, 28, 30, 31, 43, n. 43, 69,
• 119, 143, 185, 265, 272, 278, 280, 289, 300, 309, 311,
• 333, 349, 382, 384, 402, 405, 448, 470, 488
• ”  age of, 34
• ”  Chinese and Hindu, 29, 30
• ”  constellations of, 31, 42, 43, 47, 129, 219, 248,
• 290, 356, 368, 402, 476
• ”  lunar, 30
• ”  signs of, 129, 174, 185, 186, 245, 329, 356, 368, 379, 383, 402
• ”  sun in, 276, 282
• ”  and months, 276, 281, 282
• Zodiacal revolutions, 23
• Zoroaster, 218