[pg 423]

INDEX

Note: All Romans, except emperors and literary men, are to be found under their gens name: e. g. for Cato see Porcius. All others are indexed under the name most commonly used in English: e. g. Trajan, Horace, Alaric.

A. = Aulus.
A cognitionibus, secretary for imperial inquest, 269.
A cubiculo, see Chamberlain.
A libellis, secretary for petitions, 269.
A rationibus,
secretary of the treasury, 269, 271;
title changed, 272.
A studiis, secretary of the records, 269.
Ab admissione, chief usher, 294.
Ab epistulis, secretary for correspondence, 269.
L. Accius, tragic poet, 121.
Achæa, senatorial province of, 216.
Achæan Confederacy, the,
opposed to Macedonia, 69;
allied with Macedonia, 75;
supports Philip V, 83, 85;
joins Rome, 91;
loyal to Rome, 93;
friction with Rome, 95;
forced to send hostages to Rome, 96;
asserts independence, 102–103;
dissolved, 103.
Acilian law (lex Acilia de repetundis), 129.
Acilius Glabrio, consul, defeats Antiochus at Thermopylæ, 93.
Actium, battle of, 195.
Adherbal, joint ruler of Numidia, 132–133.
Advocate of the fiscus (advocatus fisci), 248.
Ædileship, the,
and public games, 123,
(1) the plebeian, 50, 54;
becomes magistracy, 55;
becomes magistracy, 55;
(2) the curule, 51;
opened to plebeians, 56;
under the Principate, 294;
(3) in municipalities, 284.
Ædui, the,
allies of Rome, 132, 168;
desert Rome, 171;
admitted to Roman Senate, 231.
Ægates Islands, the, battle of, 74.
S. Ælius Pætus, consul, juristic writer, 122.
L. Ælius Seianus,
prætorian prefect, 227;
plot of, 228–229.
M. Æmilius Lepidus,
consul, 152;
proconsul, revolt of, 152.
M. Æmilius Lepidus,
master of the horse, 185;
pontifex maximus, 186;
in Second Triumvirate, 188–189;
deposed, 192.
Æmilius Papinianus, jurist, prætorian prefect, 254.
L. Æmilius Paullus, consul, at Cannæ, 82.
L. Æmilius Paullus, consul, defeats Perseus, 96.
Æneolithic Age, the, 9.
Æqui, the, 15;
wars of, with Rome, 33–34, 36;
Roman allies, 39.
Ærarium militare, the, establishment of, 212, 271.
Ærarium Saturni, the,
state treasury, under senatorial authority, 209;
evolution of, under the Principate, 265.
Aetius, Flavius,
master of the soldiers, defeats Burgundians, 356;
made count, 358;
career of, 358–359;
death, 360.
Ætolian Confederacy, the,
hostile to Macedonia, 69;
joins Rome against Philip V, 83;
concludes peace, 85;
supports Rome again, 90;
joins Antiochus against Rome, 92;
subjugated by Rome, 94.
Africa, Roman province of,
organized, 102;
rise of serfdom in, 289–290;
conquered by Vandals, 355–356;
reconquered by Justinian, 376–377.
Agathocles, King of Syracuse, 40, 41.
Agentes-in-rebus, 340.
Ager Gallicus, 39.
Ager publicus, 39.
Ager Romanus, 43, 44.
Agrarian laws,
of the Gracchi, 126–128;
failure of, 131;
of Saturninus, 138;
proposed —— of Rullus, 163.
Agri Decumates, the, annexed, 239.
Agriculture,
Italy adapted to, 4;
changing conditions of, 115;
development of, under the Principate, 297.
Agrippa, see M. Vipsanius Agrippa.
Agrippina,
granddaughter of Augustus, 224, 227;
plots for the succession, 228;
condemned to death, 229.
Agrippina, niece and wife of Claudius,
schemes of, 232;
murdered, 233.
Alæ, 45.
Alamanni, the, 256, 259;
defeated by [pg 424]Gallienus, 260;
by Aurelian, 265;
by Julian, 326;
by Valens, 329–330;
by Narses, 378.
Alans, the, invasions of, with the Vandals, 355.
Alaric, prince of the Visigoths,
invasion of Greece, 352–353;
invasion of Italy, 353.
Alba Longa, 29.
Alban, Count, the, 26.
Albinus (Decimus Clodius ——),
saluted Imperator, 252;
death, 253.
Alexander, king of Epirus, 40.
Alexander Severus, see Severus Alexander.
Alexandria, capital of Egypt, 67;
Cæsar besieged in, 177;
government of, 281.
Alimentary system (alimenta), the, instituted, 244.
Allia, the, battle of, 35.
Allies, the, see Italian allies.
Allobroges, the,
conquered by Rome, 132;
betray Cataline’s conspiracy, 164.
Ambrones, the, 135, 136.
Ambrose, bishop of Milan,
conflict with Theodosius I, 330–331;
writings of, 399.
Amicitia, status of, 90.
Ammianus Marcellinus, historical writer, 398.
Anastasius, eastern emperor, 365–367.
Ancyra, Monument of, 225.
Andriscus, Macedonian pretender, 102.
Animism, of early Roman religion, 61.
L. Annæus Seneca,
writer, 299;
counsellor of Nero, 232, 233, 235.
T. Annius Milo, tribune, 169, 172–173.
Annona, the, 222.
Anthemius, western emperor, 360.
Anthenion, leader of slave rebellion, 137.
Antinoöpolis, 281.
Antioch,
Seleucid capital, 69;
depopulated by Persians, 379.
Antiochus III, the Great, king of Syria,
attacks Egypt, 89;
war with Rome, 92–93.
Antiochus IV, Epiphanes, king of Syria, forced to evacuate Egypt, 97.
Antonine Constitution, the, 255.
Antoninus Pius (Titus Ælius Aurelius ——),
adopted by Hadrian, 249;
principate of, 249.
C. Antonius, consul, 162, 164.
L. Antonius, brother of Mark Antony, 190–191.
M. Antonius, prætor, command against pirates in 102 B. C., 137.
M. Antonius, prætor, extraordinary command against pirates in 74 B. C., 154.
M. Antonius (Mark Antony),
master of the horse, 176, 177;
consul, 185;
takes charge after Cæsar’s death, 185–186;
in Second Triumvirate, 188–190;
in the East and Egypt, 190, 192–194;
projects of Cleopatra and, 193–194;
war with Octavian, 194–195;
suicide of, 195.
Appius Claudius, censor, 56.
Appius Claudius, land commissioner, 127.
L. Appuleius Saturninus,
tribune, proposed legislation of, 138;
overthrown, 139.
L. Apuleius, writer, 300.
Apulia, 38–39.
Apulians, the, allies of Rome, 38.
Aqua Appia, 56.
Aquæ Sextiæ, fortress,
established, 132;
Teutons annihilated at, 136.
Aquileia, Latin colony, 97.
M’. Aquillius, consul, subdues rebellious slaves, 137.
Aquitania,
administrative district of Gaul, 218;
Roman province, 227;
Visigothic kingdom in, 354.
Aquitanians, the, conquered by Cæsar, 169.
Arabia, Roman attempt to conquer, 221.
Arabs, the Nabatæans,
Roman allies, 221;
kingdom of, made Roman province, 246.
Arausio, defeat of Roman armies at, 135.
Arbogast,
general of Theodosius, 330;
revolt of, 331.
Arcadius (Flavius ——),
co-emperor, 331;
rules in East, 351, 362–363.
Archelaus, general of Mithridates, 143, 144.
Archidamus, king of Sparta, 40.
Archimedes, physicist and mathematician, at Syracuse, 82.
Architecture,
Roman, 302–303;
Christian, 402.
Arianism 391–393.
Arians, Justinian’s treatment of, 383.
Aricia,
battle at, 18;
meetings of Latin League at, 26.
Ariovistus, king of the Suevi, 168.
Armenia,
Lucullus’s invasion of, 154, 155;
occupied by Antony, 193;
Roman protectorate over, 221;
struggle between Rome and the Parthians over, 234;
conquered by Trajan, 246;
Roman authority in, re-established, 250;
won from Persians by [pg 425]Diocletian, 319;
Roman claim to, abandoned, 328.
Arminius, German chieftain, 220, 227–228.
Army, Roman,
primitive, 58;
phalanx organization of, 58–59;
manipular legion in, 59;
composition of, 60;
discipline of, 60;
reformed by Marius, 136;
by Augustus, 211–212;
power of in naming princeps, 235;
quartering of auxiliaries under Vespasian, 238;
of legions under Domitian, 242;
pay of, increased, 243;
reformed by Sept. Severus, 254;
attitude of, 258;
barbarization of, 272, 275;
struggle of under the Principate, 274;
cultural influence of, 276–277;
reformed by Diocletian, 319;
by Constantine I, 323;
of the late Empire, 335–339;
of the Age of Justinian, 375–376;
See also auxiliaries and legion.
Arnobius, Christian writer, 301.
Art,
Roman, 302–303;
of the late Empire, 401–402.
Artabanos V, king of the Parthians, 256.
Arverni, the, conquered by Rome, 132.
Asia, Roman province of,
organized, 103–104;
revenue of, auctioned off at Rome, 128;
massacre of Romans in, 143;
Sulla’s repression of, 145;
Lucullus’s remedial measures in, 154;
serfdom in, 289.
Aspar, master of the soldiers, 364.
Assemblies, the Roman,
character of, 57;
become antiquated, 109;
dominated by urban proletariat, 110.
Assembly of the Centuries, the,
organization of, 49;
powers of, 49, 54;
compared with Assembly of the Tribes, 57;
approves alliance with the Mamertini, 72;
confers proconsular imperium on Scipio, 84;
induced to declare war on Philip V, 90;
reform of, 109;
loses right to elect magistrates, 227;
confirms powers of princeps, 264.
Assembly of the Curiæ, the,
in regal period, 28;
in early Republic, 48;
superseded by Assembly of the Centuries, 49.
Assembly of the Tribes, the,
origin of, 53, 54;
powers increased, 55;
effect of Hortensian law on, 57;
use of, by Ti. Gracchus, 126–127;
C. Gracchus, 128;
confers command of army upon Marius, 134;
enrollment of Italians in, 142;
creates extraordinary commands, 159–160;
loses right to elect magistrates, 227.
Assyria,
made Roman province, 246;
abandoned, 247.
Astrology, fondness of Romans for, 307.
Astures, the, 217.
Ataulf, leader of the Visigoths, 353–354.
Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria, 392, 400.
Athens,
friend of Rome, 90;
aids Rome against Philip V, 91;
ally of Rome, 103;
joins Mithridates, 143;
siege of, by Sulla, 144.
M. Atilius Regulus, consul, invades Africa, 73.
Atomic theory of Democritus, the, explained by Lucretius, 199.
Atrium, the, in Roman houses, 118.
Attalus I, king of Pergamon,
joins Rome against Macedonia, 83;
appeals to Rome against Philip V, 89.
Attalus III, king of Pergamon, wills kingdom to Rome, 103, 127.
Attila,
king of the Huns, 359;
relations of, with eastern emperor, 363–364.
Augurs,
college of, 48;
number increased, 57;
functions of, 62;
new members chosen by Tribes, 138.
Augustales, 215, 226.
Augustine, bishop of Hippo, writings of, 399–400.
Augustus (C. Julius Caesar Octavianus, q. v.),
position of in 27 B. C., 206;
receives tribunicia potestas and other powers, 207;
restores Senate, 209–210;
puts equestrian order on definite basis, 210;
attempts moral and religious revival, 213–215;
cult of Rome and, 214;
foreign policy of, 217, 222;
conquests in the north, 217–220;
in the east, 220–222;
administration of Rome under, 222;
policy of, regarding the succession, 223–224;
death and estimate of, 225;
deified, 226.
Augustus,
title of, 206;
shared by two principes, 249.
Aurelian (Lucius Domitius Aurelianus), principate and campaigns of, 261–262.
Aurelian law (lex Aurelia), the, 156.
Aurelius (princeps), see Marcus Aurelius.
M. Aurelius Cotta, consul, 154–155.
Aurunci (Ausones), the, 13, 36.
Ausculum, 41.
Ausonius, poet, 397–398.
Auspicium, defined, 47.
Auxiliaries (auxilia),
of Augustan army, 212;
denationalized, 238;
territorial recruitment of, 273;
strength of, 274;
effect of permanent forti[pg 426]fications on, 276;
of late Empire, 336.
Avidius Cassius, general,
Parthian victories of, 250;
revolt of, 251.
Avitus (Eparchius ——), western emperor, 360.
Bacchanalian association, dissolved, 106, 122, 123.
Balearic Islands, the, occupied by Rome 132.
Basil, founds Greek monasticism, 395, 400, 402.
Basilica,
Roman, 124;
Christian, 402.
Basiliscus, proclaimed emperor, 365.
Bastarnæ, the, 219.
Batavi, the, 219;
revolt of, 237, 238.
Belgæ, the, 168–169.
Belgica (Gallia ——)
administrative district of Gaul, 218;
Roman province, 227.
Belisarius, campaigns of, 375, 376, 377, 379.
Benedict, monastic rule of, 395–396.
Beneventum, 41.
Bishops,
of early Christian church, 312, 313;
metropolitan, 313;
temporal power of, under late Empire, 390, 391.
Bithynia,
occupied by Mithridates VI of Pontus, 143;
surrendered, 145;
made Roman province, 153.
Bocchus, king of Mauretania, aids Jugurtha, then Rome, 134.
Bœthius, Christian writer, 400.
Boii, the, 39, 77, 81.
Bonifacius, Count,
governor of Africa, 355–356;
master of the soldiers, 358.
Bononia, Latin colony, 97.
Boudicca, queen of a British tribe, 234.
Bribery, laws against, 108.
Britain,
Cæsar’s invasions of, 170;
conquests in, under Claudius, 231;
revolt of, under Boudicca, 234;
Agricola in, 242;
Sept. Severus, 255;
the Saxons invade, 357.
Britannicus (Ti. Claudius Britannicus), son of Claudius, 232, 233.
Bronze Age, the, 9–11.
Brundisium, treaty of, 191.
Bruttians, the, 38.
Brutus, see M. Junius Brutus and D. Junius Brutus.
Bucellarii, 376.
Bulgars, the,
invade eastern empire, 366, 379;
occupy Illyricum, 403.
Bureaucratic system, Egyptian and Roman, 268–269; 282.
Burgundians, the,
invade Gaul, 356;
treatment of Roman subjects, 371;
religion of, 372.
Burrus, Afranius, prætorian prefect, 232.
Byzantine empire, 403, 404.
Byzantium, punished by Sept. Severus, 253.