A.

Aargau, 152, 155, 160.

Agram, Bishop of in Gaj's time, 99;
Assembly at, 144-5;
May Meeting at, 318-19;
contrasted with Prague, 333.

Albrecht (Professor), 92. See also Arch Dukes.

Alessandria, occupation of, 3;
in 1821, 39-40, 43;
threatened by Radetzky, 182.

Alexander I. of Russia, character of, 3-4;
relations with M^me de Krüdener, 7;
plan of Holy Alliance, 8;
supports Sardinia, 27;
attitude in 1820, 32;
treatment of Greece, 46-7;
death, 49.

Alfieri, Vittorio, influence of, 23;
Manzoni's feeling to, 25, 54;
influence in Piedmont, 35.

Allemandi, 350.

Alliance, Holy. See Holy Alliance.

Altieri, Cardinal, 417.

Ancona, in 1831, 61, 118;
treatment of by French, 159;
by Triumvirs, 464-5;
fall of, 485.

Andrian, 208.

Anfossi, Augusto, conspiracy against Charles Felix, 61;
early career, 263;
in Milan, 263, 265, 267, 269;
death, 337.

---- Francesco, 365.

Antologia, of Florence, 54-5.

Antonelli, Cardinal, supports Italian war, 346;
suspected of treachery, 348.

Antonini, General, 469.

Apponyi, Chancellor of Hungary, 201.

Arch Duchess Sophia, opposed to Metternich, 207;
favours Jellaciç, 288;
denounced by Hungarians, 460.

Arch Duke Albert, in March insurrection, 239, 241.

---- Francis Charles, in Imperial Council, 207;
appealed to by merchants, 231;
attitude to Metternich, 241;
denounced by Hungarians, 460.

---- John, promises to Italy, 21;
his toast at Cologne, 209-10;
his liberalism, 241;
pressure on Metternich, 243;
made administrator, 363, 373;
forms new ministry, 374;
opens Viennese Parliament, 378;
intervenes in Croatian question, 383.

---- Louis, helps to govern Vienna, 206;
opposes removal of Hye, 207;
warns Metternich, 232;
his proposal about Windischgrätz, 240;
denounced by Hungarians, 460.

---- Maximilian, in March rising, 242-3.

---- Sigismund, 268.

---- Stephen, deserts Hungary, 395, 432;
denounced by Hungarians, 461.

Arcioni, at defence of Rome, 475.

Armellini, in provisional government, 423;
Triumvir, 464; feelings to French, 473.

Arndt, relations with Stein, 10;
professor, 12;
in 1816, 12;
restored by Frederick William IV., 94;
thanked at Frankfort, 361; vote on truce of Malmö, 374-5.

Arthaber, 245.

Ascoli, Duke of, 34-5.

---- conspiracy in, 464-5.

Auersperg, General, in October rising, 391, 393.

Auerswald, death of, 376.

Austria, Arch Duchy of, relations with Bohemia and Hungary, 250-3.

---- Emperors of. See Francis, Ferdinand, Francis Joseph.

---- Empire of, special evils of in Italy, 20-22;
German language in, 89-90;
policy of, 132-3;
in Switzerland, 151, 159;
political character of, 209;
Möring's view of, see Möring;
Kossuth's view of, 227-8;
attitude of Bohemians towards, 298-300;
of Viennese towards, 304;
proposed federation of, 333;
Radetzky's position in, 335.

---- Estates of. See Estates.

---- House of, policy towards Serbs, 281-2;
feeling to Italy, 363;
deposed in Hungary, 458-61.

Avezzana, 474.


B.

Bach, his soup kitchen, 212;
his treatment of Rieger, 379.

Baden, from 1815-47, 219-20;
movement in in 1847-8, 220-1;
programme of leaders of, 232-3;
insurrections in, 361, 377-8, 485. See also Struve, Hecker, and Republicans, South German.

Balbo, Prospero, supposed liberalism of, 35;
in 1821, 38-9;
inconsistencies, 120-1.

---- Cesare, early career, 121;
Speranze d'Italia, 121-2.

Banat, 449, 456.

Bandiera Brothers, 118-20, 368.

Bassermann, 221.

Bassi, Ugo, 475, 487.

Batthyanyi, Louis, in 1839, 86;
in 1857, 202;
Prime Minister, 246;
his difficulties, 279-80;
his appeal to Szeklers, 316;
his interview with Jellaciç, 383-4;
feeling about Lamberg, 386;
his resignation, 388;
attempted mediation, 462

Battles, of White Hill, 250-1;
of Goito first, 341;
second, 356;
of Cornuta, 349;
of Curtatone, 355;
of Somma Campagna, 364;
of Custozza, 364;
of Schwechat, 396-7, 432;
of Novara, 429.

Bava, General, 341, 363-4.

Bavaria, treatment of by Metternich, 13;
protest against concluding act of Vienna, 18;
resistance of to Metternich, 218;
revolution of 1848 in, 222;
quarrel of with Baden, 377.

Beauharnais, 21, 25.

Bem, early career, 394;
defence of Vienna, 396;
relations with Kossuth and Görgei, 436;
first campaign in Transylvania, 446-7;
contrasted with Csanyi, 449-50;
final struggle of, 492-3;
flies to Turkey, 494.

Bentinck, Lord William, 21, 44.

Berczenczei, 440.

Bergamo, 197, 268.

Berlin, March rising in, 247-9;
discontents in, 402-3;
riots in, 405-6;
struggle of Assembly in, 409-14.

Bern, 152, 154, 156.

Bible, Metternich's view of, 6.

Bini, Carlo, 55.

Blasendorf, 312-14.

Blum, Robert, first appearance, 92;
sympathy with Ronge, 95;
victory of, 96;
sympathy with Poland, 192;
in March rising, 223-5;
influence in Preparatory Parliament, 293, 295;
hinders May rising, 361;
view of Truce of Malmö, 374-5;
action in Frankfort riot, 375-6;
difference with Hecker, 376-7;
his republicanism, 377-8;
in Vienna, 393-7;
his death and its effects, 397-8.

Blumenthal, Major von, 412-13.

Bohemia, division of classes in, 204;
national feeling in, 206;
history of in 17th and 18th centuries, 250-3;
revival of language in, 253-4;
March rising in, 254-60;
race difficulties in, 289-92;
relations of to Frankfort Parliament, 295-302;
effect on of May rising, 308, 310;
peculiarity of its position, 333;
feeling towards Italy, 335;
triumphed over by Frankfort Parliament, 363;
Deputies of in Viennese Parliament, 387, 392;
Deputies at Olmütz, 415-16;
at Kremsier, 416;
treatment of in Constitution of 1849, 455. See also Slavs, Prague, Rieger.

Bologna, in 1830, 60;
attitude to Corsica, 60;
sympathy with Lombards, 354;
in August, 1848, 368-9;
struggle of in 1849, 466, 477-9.

Bolza, 144, 183, 267.

Bonn, 412.

Borrosch, tries to save Latour, 391;
at Kremsier, 416.

Bozzelli, 177.

Brandenburg, General, 408, 409-10.

---- City, 409, 413-14.

Brescia, 189, 261;
March rising in, 268-9;
Anfossi's service at, 365;
Garibaldi's march to, 356;
rising in 1849, 428-9.

Breslau, 406, 412.

Brunetti. See Ciceruacchio.

Buda-Pesth, March movement in, 278-9;
contrasted with Presburg, 279-80;
death of Lamberg in, 388;
question of its defence, 438;
besieged by Görgei, 491.

Bund, constitution of in 1815, 8;
effect on of Carlsbad Decrees, 17;
strengthened in 1834, 90;
proposed reform of, 223.

Bundestag, duty of, 9;
decrees of in 1830, 50;
in Schleswig-Holstein question, 165;
action of in March, 1848, 224;
relations of with Frankfort Parliament, 295, 372-3.

Buonaparte, Charles Lucien, at Genoa, 143;
in Venice, 192-3;
advocates Italian Assembly, 419.

---- Napoleon I., 1, 2, 20-1.

---- Louis Napoleon, expulsion of from Switzerland, 154;
letter on Cavaignac's expedition, 467;
elected President, 467, 470;
answer to Roman deputation, 470.

Buonaparte, Pierre, 471.

Buonarotti, 70-1.

Burschenschaft, 14-15.


C.

Camarilla, 244, 381.

Camphausen, his policy, 370;
his fall, 405.

Campo Formio, Treaty of, 20, 23.

Canino, Prince of. See Buonaparte, Charles Lucien.

Canning, George, his foreign policy, 48;
Metternich's opinion of him, 48;
treatment of Greece, 49;
his death, 50.

Capo d'Istria, 47.

Carbonari, 4;
rise and work of, 29-30;
in 1820, 31-2, 33;
Mazzini's relations with, 56-8.

Carlowitz, importance of to Serbs, 283, 284;
May meeting at, 311-12;
June attack on, 319-20;
contrasted with Prague, 333.

---- General von, 225.

Carlsbad Decrees, 17, 221.

Carlsruhe, 221.

Carpathians, 108, 109.

Casati, honours Confalonieri, 144;
character and position, 185;
behaviour in smoking riots, 197;
in March rising, 264-6, 267;
in Lombard war, 336;
policy of, 337;
Mazzini's relations with, 342, 349, 365;
action in May rising, 357;
feeling to Charles Albert, 358.

Castellani, 464.

Castlereagh, in 1815, 2;
in 1821, 44;
suicide, 48.

Cavaignac, 467.

Cavour, 181.

Cernuschi, conduct in March rising, 264;
arrested in May, 357-8;
his proposal in Rome, 487.

Charles Albert, early career, 37;
visits hospitals, 39;
action in 1821, 40, 41, 42;
accession, 61;
feelings of Italians to, 62-3;
Mazzini's letter to, 63-4;
position in Italy, 64-6;
conduct in 1846, 136-7, 147;
sympathies with Sonderbund, 157;
attitude in February 1848, 180-2;
action about Lombard rising, 337-8;
mistakes and victories, 340-1;
Pope's suspicions of, 346;
treatment of Venetia, 348-50, 359;
action about fusion, 350-1;
causes of influence, 351-2;
later victories and defeats, 355-6;
betrayal of Milan, 356-7;
Rossi's suspicions of, 420;
Guerrazzi's feeling to, 423-4;
rebuked by Pope, 425;
last war with Austria, 426, 428, 429;
Roman feeling towards, 427;
abdication, 429-30.

Charles Felix, his politics, 36-7;
accession, 41;
appeal to Charles Albert, 42;
system of government, 43;
treatment of Mazzini, 59;
conspiracy against, 61.

---- VI. of Germany, treatment of Serbs, 282.

Christian VIII. of Denmark, policy of in 1846, 163-4;
in 1848, 371-2.

Chrzanowski, 428.

Ciceruacchio, his myth of Pius IX., 142-3;
his suppression of clerical conspiracy, 145;
his demands for reform, 178;
desires Lombard war, 339.

Civita Vecchia, 467, 471, 472-3.

Coblenz, resistance to King of Prussia, 412.

Cologne, Archbishop of, quarrel of with Frederick William III., 93;
released, 94.

---- socialism in, 403.

Como, 189;