Demons, see also Animism and Spirits;
chief demon, 57, 497;
in incantations, 287;
how exorcised, 330;
when not to be exorcised, 378;
messenger of god, 378;
Targul-le, in the deluge story let loose by Dibbarra, 500;
the Utukku, 260 (cf. 511);
the Ekimmu, 260 (cf. 512);
authors of evil and disease, 183, 593, 306, 692.
Der, center of worship of Ninâ, 88;
city of Anu, 88, 155.
de Sacy, Silvestre, decipherment of wedge writing, 15.
de Sarzec, Ernest, explorer, 11.
Dibbarra, in Ass. pantheon, 189;
plague-god, 232, 505, 528;
a spirit, 232;
identified with Nergal, 232, 528-9, 594;
minor god, 234;
in the deluge story, 500 (cf. 505);
solar deity, 528;
god of war, "the warrior," 528-9;
attendant of Nergal, 529, 588;
attended by Ishum, 529;
D.'s attack upon Babylon, 530-1;
D.'s attack upon Uruk, 531;
general war among mankind, 531 ff.;
Dibbarra enraged and appeased, 535;
identified with Girra, 588.
Dibbarra epic, see Dibbarra, 232, 528 ff.;
recalls the "Battles of Yahwe," 534.
Dilbat, city in Babylonia;
temple of Ninib, 242;
zikkurat E-gubba-an-ki, 639.
Dilmun, island, 125.
Diodorus, source for B.-A. religion, 1, 4, 399, 435.
Dirges, sung by priests and priestesses, 604, 658;
by priestesses, 660.
Divine names, variety of names of individual divinities and local uses thereof, 73;
transference of name and its meaning, 118, 140-1;
in proper names, 165-6, 169;
obscurity of, 233.
Djumdjuma, 10.
Dogma, establishment of, 115, 133, 247, 690 ff.
Dreams, importance of, 322-3;
on par with oracles, 350, 479;
treated as omens, 350, 403 ff.;
in the Gilgamesh epic, 481, 486, 497.
Du'ar, Da'ur, cosmological deity, 417.
Du-azagga, council chamber of the gods, 629;
= Apsu, 630;
place where the sun rises, 630.
Dumu-zi, god;
his double aspect, 96-7;
worship at Lagash, 635.
Dumuzi-zu-aba, god, 51;
interpretation of name, 96;
functions and character, 96;
places of worship, 96;
in Gudea's pantheon, 106.
Dungi, of Ur, builds temple of Nergal at Cuthah, 65;
builds temple of Nanâ in Uruk, 81;
builds temple to Nin-Mar, 100;
deified, 167, 470, 561.
Dun-shagga, 51;
son of Nin-girsu, 91;
meaning of name, 94;
in Gudea's pantheon, 106.
Dur-an-ki, name of a temple tower in Nippur, 539.
Dur-ilu, Ass. city near Elamitic frontier;
cult of Kadi, 232.
Dur-Kurigalzu, temple of Bel, 146.
Dur-padda, a fort sacred to Ramman, 158.
Dur-zakar, sanctuary of Belit, 56.
Du'zu, see Tammuz.
Ea, god, 51;
functions, 62, 78, 230;
epithets, 62, 142, 173, 230;
associations and relations with Bel, 62;
king of Eridu, 62-3, 275;
sanctuary in Girsu, 61;
god of the water, 63, 147, 237, 275, 430, 699;
explanation of name, 64;
identification with Nin-a-gal and other deities, 64;
member of the great triad, 107, 148, 207, 230, 677;
in Lugalzaggisi's and Gudea's pantheon, 111;
survival of his cult, 123-4, 136;
change of position since Hammurabi, 136;
non-mention in historical texts, 136;
prominence in religious texts, 136;
Ea and Marduk in incantation texts, 139-40;
transfers his name to Marduk, 118, 141, 439;
god of humanity par excellence, 141 (cf. 264, 275, 297, 437, 441, 462, 497);
formed of clay, 142;
Ea in the deluge story, 142, 497, 504;
Ea and Damkina grant long life, 153;
god of fine arts, 177;
fighting Tiâmat, 197, 422;
Ninib, first-born of Ea, 217;
shrine in E-Sagila, 220, 241;
Belit, consort of, 226, 231, 237;
Nabu, son of, 229;
in the Ass. pantheon, 230;
sanctuary at Ashur, 230;
titles emphasizing his skill, 230;
house of wisdom, 522;
similarity and difference between Ea and Nabu, 230-1;
Ea and Belitilâni, names of southern gates of Sargon's palace, 237;
unlocks fountains, 237;
shrine in E-Zida, 241;
prominent in incantations, 137, 256, 275;
the spirits hostile to, 264 (cf. 141);
as a healer, 275;
overcomes eclipse of moon, 276;
associated with fire-god, 279, 286;
in the Shurpu series, 288;
conquers Tiâmat, 422;
in the zodiac in conjunction with Nibir and Bel, 434-5;
identified with some star in southern heaven, 435, 460;
Iyar, his sacred month, 462, 677;
Ea in the 11th tablet of the Gilgamesh epic, 496;
rivalry with Bel, 497, 507 ff.;
Persian Gulf, sacred to Ea, 498, 545;
father of Adapa, 545;
Ea in Ishtar's descent, 571;
Ea's sanctuary E-karzaginna, 636.
Eabani, created by Aruru, 448, 474;
E. and Ishtar, 484, 486;
parallelism betw. Adam and E., 511;
E.'s spirit conjured up by Nergal, 511 ff., 560, 565.
E-adda, temple of Anu, 53, 640;
meaning of name, 640.
E-an-dadia, name of zikkurat at Agade, 639;
meaning of name, 639.
E-anna, temple of Ninni in Girsu, 80;
temple of Nanâ or Ishtar in Uruk, 81, 242, 311, 331, 639, 648;
meaning of name, 639.
Eannatum, burial costumes, 597.
E-babbara, name of the temples of Shamash in Larsa and Sippar, 70, 628, 640;
worship of Shamash, Malik, Bunene in E. at Sippar, 176, 628;
meaning of name, 640;
history of Ebabbara in Sippar, 646 ff.;
with shrine of Anunit, 646;
history of Ebabbara in Larsa, 647.
Ecbatana, concentric walls, 618.
Ecclesiastes, unsatisfactory ending like 12th tablet of Gilgamesh epic, 513.
Eclipses, e. of moon removed by Ea, 276;
cause of e., 264, 276, 280;
calculation of time of occurrence of e., 357;
indication of omens the ulterior motive of observations of, 357, 368;
omens gathered from observation of e. in the "Illumination of Bel" series, 364 ff.;
eclipses portend public disaster, 366, 369;
importance of omens deduced from observations of e., 368;
e. of sun called the "way of Anu," 457.
Eden, Garden of, legendary, 2;
identical with the confluence of streams, 506.
Edessa, gnostic center, 699.
E-dim-anna, chapel of Sin in E-Zida, 639;
meaning of name, 639.
E-dingiranagin, see E-anna-tuma.
E-ditar-kalama, sanctuary of Shamash in Babylon, 242, 640;
meaning of name, 640.
E-dur-an-ki, zikkurat at Larsa, 639;
meaning of name, 639.
E-dur-gi-na, temple of Belsarbi, 242, 639;
meaning of name, 639.
E-edinna, temple of Shamash's consort, 640;
meaning of name, 640.
E-esh-gi, shrine of Nin-girsu at Lagash, 640.
E-gal-makh, temple in Ur, 639.
E-gish-shir-gal, temple of Sin at Ur, 76, 241, 295, 640, 647;
meaning of name, 640.
E-gi-umunna, a sanctuary, 640;
meaning of name, 640.
E-gubba-an-ki, zikkurat at Dilbat, 639;
meaning of name, 639.
E-igi-e-nir-kidur-makh, temple to Ninni at Kish, 639;
meaning of name, 639.
Ekallâte, name of city in Assyria, cult of Ramman and Shala, 212.
E-karzaginna, sanctuary of Ea in E-Sagila, 636.
E-kharsag, temple in Ur, 638.
E-kharsag-ella, temple of Gula in Babylon, meaning of name, 638.
E-kharsag-kalama, name of temple, 638;
E-kur-makh, 638.
E-kharsag-kurkura, dwelling of Bel, 225;
temple in Assyria, 615;
meaning of name, 638.
E-khulkhul, temple of Sin in Harran, 76, 241, 641, 647;
meaning of name, 641.
E-ki-dur-garza, temple to Nin-lil-anna in Babylon, 640;
meaning of name, 640.
Ekimmu, a class of spirits, 260 (cf. 512, 581, 602).
E-kua, papakhu of Marduk in E-Sagila, 640;
meaning of name, 640.
E-kur, temple of Bel, 11, 37, 51, 54, 69, 151, 642, 644;
meaning of E-kur, 173, 217, 614, 638;
= Eshara, 217;
history of the temple, 644 ff.;
= Kharsag(-gal)-kurkura, 558;
lofty dwelling of gods, 541;
designation for the nether-world, 558;
= temple, 558, 614 (cf. 622);
= earth, 614;
in plural = divinities, 615.
E-kur-makh, name of temple, 638;
= E-kharsag-kalama, 638.
Elali, in proper names of the 2nd Bab. period, 170;
epithet of Gibil, 170.
Elam, 35;
Elamites invade Babylonia, 38, 480;
capture Nanâ's statue, 85;
Elamitic deities: Eria, 122, 162;
Kadi, 188, 232, 234.
El-Amarna, tablets of, containing the Adapa legend, 544;
contains legend of Nergal conquering and wedding Allatu, 584-5.
Elul, see Ululu.
E-makh, chapel to Nin-kharsag, 639.
E-makh-tila, shrine to Nabu at Borsippa, 307, 606, 636.
E-mash-mash, temple of Ishtar, 152;
of Belit, 227.
E-me-te-ur-sagga, temple of Zamama-Ninib, 640;
meaning of name, 640.
En-anna-tuma, patesi of Lagash, constructs storehouse to Nin-girsu, 58.
En-anna-tuma II., 2nd dynasty of Ur, devotee of Nin-gal, 98.
E-nin-makh, chapel of Ishtar in Babylon, 242, 640;
meaning of name, 640.
E-ninnu, temple of Nin-girsu, 57, 87, 635, 640.
En-ki, see Ea.
En-lil, see Bel.
En-meshara, attendant of Allatu, god of vegetation, 588;
festival of E. in the 10th month, 588.
Ennanna = Ninni, 51.
En-ninna, a minor deity in the Etana legend, 521.
En-nugi, leader of the gods, 495.
En-temena, patesi of Lagash, 56;
constructs storehouse to Nin-girsu, 58.
En-tena, see En-temena (better reading).
E-nun-makh, temple of Sin at Ur, 295, 640;
meaning of name, 640.
Enshar, cosmological deity, 417.
En-zu, see Sin.
E-pa, zikkurat at Lagash, 639;
meaning of name, 639.
E-pad-kalama-suma, sanctuary of Nabu in Babylonia, 640;
meaning of name, 640.
Epics and legends, literary-religious character of, 247;
historical spirit of, 250;
nature myths, 250.
Erech = Warka = Uruk; see Uruk.
Eresh-Kigal = Allatu, 584.
Eria, Elamitic goddess, possibly identical with Erua, 122, 162.
Eridu, ancient center, 35, 245, 445;
sanctuary of Ea, 62, 124, 445;
lost her political prestige, 136;
cult of Anunnaki and Igigi, 186;
prominent in incantations, 256.
Erua, the "begetting" goddess, 123;
amalgamation with Sarpanitum, 122-3, 130;
dwelling in E-Zida, 123;
consort of Nabu, 123;
possibly identical with Eria, 122;
water deity, 123;
cult suppressed by Hammurabi, 130;
place of worship, 130.
E-Sagila, temple of Marduk in Babylon, 121, 636;
with a shrine of Sarpanitum, 121, 241, 636, 641;
with shrine of Nusku, 220, 241;
with shrine of Nabu, 127, 220, 636;
with shrine of Ea, 220, 241;
with shrine of Tashmitum, 220, 241;
with shrine of Nin-kharsag, 639;
sanctuary E-karzaginna of Ea, 636;
meaning of name, 639;
with papakhu of Marduk, 640;
takes the place of E-kur, 645;
history of E-Sagila, 648 ff.;
place of installation of rulers, 649;
influence of E-Sagila and E-Zida, 649.
E-Sagila, temple of Ea, 446.
E-salgisa, temple in Girsu, 641;
meaning of name, 641.
Esarhaddon, king of Assyria, 200;
restores temple of Nanâ-Ishtar at Erech, 85, 206;
his pantheon, 238;
restores Ekur, 645;
Shamash cult in Sippar, 646.
Eschatological literature, gods and demons in e., 183.
E-shara, meaning, 173, 175, 198;
offsprings of, 174;
bride of E., 173, 175;
built by Anshar, 198;
built by Marduk, 198, 431
= Ekur, 217;
placed by Marduk under control of Bel, 432.
E-shid-lam, temple of Nergal and Laz at Cuthah, 65, 648, 667.
Etana, legendary personage, 468, 505, 519 ff.;
dwells in the netherworld, 511, 520, 523, 527, 590;
E.'s patron, Shamash, 520;
name occurs in O. T., 519;
traditions among other nations, 519-21;
E. and Ganymede, 523;
deified, 527, 590;
god of vegetation, 590.
E-temen-an-ki, zikkurat to Marduk at Babylon, 619, 639;
meaning of name, 639.
Ethics, B.-A. religion, 291, 312, 692;
belong to advanced period, 292, 304-5;
in prayers, 298-9;
gods whose nature create e. notions, 306, 692;
in penitential psalms, 312 ff.;
private morality, 694 ff.
E-tila, name of a temple, and meaning of name, 641.
E-tur-kalama, temple of Ishtar, 311.
E-u-gal, temple to En-lil, 640;
meaning of name, 640.
E-ulla, temple to Gula in Sippar, 641;
meaning of name, 641.
E-ul-mash, temple of Nanâ in Agade, 82.
Euphrates, stream of Garden of Eden, 2 (cf. 506);
E. valley, central habitation of mankind, 2;
old settlements of Hebrews, 2;
course of, 27;
comparison with Tigris, 30;
one of the four streams forming the confluence of streams, 506 (cf. 2).
E-ur-imin-an-ki, zikkurat at Babylon, 619.
Eusebius, source for B.-A. religion, 1, 4, 5.
Eve, parallelism with Ukhat, 511.
Excavations, 6-15.
Exorcism, see Incantations.
E-Zida, temple of Nabu at Borsippa, 121, 229, 241, 639;
with shrine of Erua, 123;
with shrine of Sarpanitum, 241;
with shrine of Tashmitum, 241;
with shrine of Nusku, 241;
with shrine of Ea, 241;
with shrine of Sin, 639;
history of E-Zida, 648 ff.;
influence of E-Zida and E-Sagila, 649.