græfhūs n. grave, Sat 708.
græfsex n. graving tool, WW. [seax]
græft mfn. graven image, carved object, sculpture, Æ.
græftgeweorc n. graven image.
grǣg ‘grey,’ Æ, Ep, Gen, Met, WW.
grǣggōs f. grey (wild) goose, Gl.
grǣghǣwe grey, WW 40240.
grǣghama grey-coated (of spear? or wolf?), Fin 6.
grǣgmǣl grey-coloured, B 2682.
grǣgōs = grǣggōs
græm- = grem-
græn- = gren-
grǣp = grēp
+græppian to seize, MtL 1431.
græs n. (nap. grasu) ‘grass,’ An, Cp, CP.
græsgrēne ‘grass-green,’ Ep (e1, oe2).
græshoppa m. grass-hopper, locust.
græsmolde f. greensward, B 1881.
græswang † m. greensward.
grǣt I. = pres. 3 sg. of (1) grǣdan, (2) grētan.
grǣtan = grētan
grāf nm. ‘grove,’ BC; Mdf.
-grāfa v. ellen-g.
grafan6 to dig, dig up, Met, Rd, Rim: ‘grave,’ engrave, carve, chisel, PPs.
grafet n. trench, EC 354; 355.
gram (o) adj. angry, cruel, fierce, AO: oppressive, hostile: (as sb.) enemy. [‘grame’]
grama m. rage, anger, Æ: trouble, Lcd. [‘grame’]
gramatisccræft = grammaticcræft
grambǣre passionate, CP 2895.
grame adv. angrily, fiercely, cruelly.
gramfǣrnes f. wrath, LL (= *grambærnes).
gramhegdig = gramhȳdig
gramheort † hostile-minded.
gramhycgende hostile, PPs 6825.
gramhȳdig † hostile, malignant.
gramian to anger, enrage, W 1992. gramigende raging, GPH 402.
gramlic wrathful, fierce, cruel, severe, Æ. adv. -līce, Ps. [‘gramely’]
grammaticcræft m. art of grammar, BH 25815.
grammaticere m. grammarian, A 8·327.
grammōd cruel, Bl 22333.
gramword n. evil speech, PPs 745.
grandorlēas (o) guileless, Jul 271.
grānian2 to ‘groan,’ lament, Bl, Ps.
granu f. moustache, Cp 335m. [Ger. granne]
grānung f. ‘groaning,’ lamentation, Æ.
grāp I. f. grasp, grip. [grīpan]
±grāpian to feel for, lay hold of, seize, touch, Æ, B, Bl, Rd, VPs. [‘grope’]
grāpigendlic tangible, ÆH 1·230.
grāpung f. sense of feeling, touch, Æ. [‘groping’]
grāscinnen made of grey skins or grey fur, Chr 1075d. [ON. grāskinn]
grasian to ‘graze,’ Lcd.
grasu v. græs.
grātan sbpl. groats, Lcd 3·29224.
graðul gradual, antiphon.
grēada m. lap, bosom, CP, Lk. [‘greade’]
grēat (æ) comp. grīetra ‘great,’ tall, large, thick, massive, A, Æ, Bo, Chr, WW: coarse, BC, Lcd.
grēatewyrt f. meadow saffron, WW 2987.
grēatian2 to become enlarged, CP. [‘great’]
grēatnes (ē) f. ‘greatness,’ RB 8815.
Grēcisc Greek, Grecian, Æ.
grēf- = grǣf-
grēg- = grǣg
grem- = grim-
±gremian (AO, Mk), gremman to enrage, provoke, irritate, Æ, CP: revile. [‘greme’]
gremung (æ) f. provocation, LPs 949.
grēne ‘green,’ Cp, Ct, Lcd: young, immature, Lcd: growing, living, LkL (oe): as sb., Lcd.
grēnhǣwen green-coloured, WW 37924.
grēnian to become ‘green,’ flourish, Met.
grēnnes f. greenness, BH; CP: (in pl.) green things, plants, A 8·310.
grennian to ‘grin,’ gnash the teeth, Jul, Sc; Æ.
grennung (æ) f. grinning, Cp 174r.
grēofa m. pot, pan, WW. [Ger. griebe]
grēop = grēp
grēosn (īo) gravel, pebble, KGl 763. [Ger. greiss]
grēot n. ‘grit,’ sand, earth, An, B, Gen; Æ.
grēotan2 to cry, weep, lament, B, Sol. [v. ‘greet’]
grēothord n. body, Gu 1240.
grēp, grēpe f. land-drain, ditch, furrow: burrow: privy, OEG (ȳ).
gres- = græs-
grēt- = grēat-
grētan I. (±) to ‘greet,’ salute, accost, speak to, challenge, Æ, B, Mk, Jul: (±) to seek out, approach, visit, B; W: ill-treat, attack, AO: touch, take hold of, handle, deal with, ÆGr. hearpan grētan play the harp: cohabit with.
II. † (ǣ) to weep, bemoan, lament, deplore, Cr. [v. ‘greet’]
grēting f. ‘greeting,’ salutation, BH, LkL (oe): present.
grētinghūs n. audience chamber, WW 1843.
grētingword n. word of greeting, ÆGr 20914.
gretta = grytta
greðe ‘sodalis’? OEG 292.
griellan (i) to irritate, provoke, offend, CP: gnash the teeth at, creak. [‘grill’]
grīetra v. grēat.
grīghund m. ‘greyhound,’ WW 2763.
grillan = griellan
grim (CP) = grimm
grīma † m. mask, helmet: ghost.
grimena ‘bruchus’, caterpillar? EPs 10434.
grimet- = grymet-
grimful fierce, violent, ES 39·348.
grīmhelm † m. helmet (with visor).
grīming spectre, WW 44626.
grimlic fierce, blood-thirsty, cruel, severe, terrible, Æ, AO. adv. -līce. [‘grimly’]
grimm fierce, savage, B, Bl: dire, severe, bitter, painful, BH; Bl. [‘grim’]
grimman3 † to rage: hasten on, B 306.
grimmān n. terrible sin, BH 508b.
grīmme savagely, cruelly, severely, AO, Gen. [‘grim’]
grimnes f. ferocity, cruelty, Bl, Gu, WW. [‘grimness’]
grimsian to rage, BH.
grimsung f. harshness, severity, CP 12514.
grin ‘ilium,’ region of the groin, LL.
±grīn (ī, ȳ; also short?) nf. snare, gin, trap, PPs, VPs; Æ, CP: halter, noose, Mt (y). [‘grin’]
+grīnan to ensnare.
+grind † n. impact, crash.
±grindan3 (y) to rub together, grate, scrape, Rd: gnash, Ps: ‘grind,’ sharpen, Æ, Mt.
grinde f. shingle, BC (v. Mdf).
grindel m. nap. grindlas bar, bolt. pl. grating, hurdle.
grindere m. miller, Lcd 3·1781.
grindetōð m. grinding tooth, molar, WW 44026.
grīnian to ensnare, KGl. [‘grin’]
grīosn = grēosn
gripa m. handful, sheaf.
±grīpan1 intr. (w. d. g. or tō) to seek to get hold of, B, Bl, Gen: tr. (w. g.) seize, take, apprehend, Sol, WW. [‘gripe’]
gripe m. grasp, seizure, attack, B, WW; Æ. gūðbilla g. shield: handful, Lcd, Ps.
grīpend m. seizer, robber, WW 51613.
+gripenes, gripnes f. seizing, snare, captivity, EPs 348.
gripu † f. kettle, caldron.
grīpul ‘capax’, WW 19839. [‘gripple’]
-grīsan (ȳ) v. ā-g.
grislic ‘grisly,’ horrible, HL 15182 (very late).
grist n. action of grinding, WW: ‘grist.’ [grindan]
gristbat- = gristbit-
gristbite m. gnashing, W 1885.
gristbitian to gnash the teeth, BH, Mk, WW; Æ. [‘gristbite’]
gristbitung f. gnashing of teeth, Bl, Mt. [‘gristbiting’]
gristian to gnash, grind, Gl.
gristle f. ‘gristle’, Gl, WW.
gristlung (y) f. gnashing.
gristra m. baker, WW.
gritta = grytta
grið n. truce, (temporary) peace, Ma: protection of the person, asylum, sanctuary, guarantee of safety. [‘grith’]
griðbryce m. breach of ‘grið,’ LL: penalty for such a breach, LL. [‘grithbreach’]
±griðian to make a truce or peace, Chr: protect, LL.
griðlagu f. law of temporary or local peace, LL 470[9].
griðlēas unprotected, W 1587.
groe- = grē-
grom = gram
gron- = gran-
gronwisc ‘acus’, Cp 160a (v. AB 9·35).
grōpian = grāpian
-groren v. be-g.
grorn † I. m. sorrow, sadness.
II. adj. sad, agitated. adv. -e.
grornhof n. sad home, hell, Jul 324.
grornian to mourn, complain.
grorntorn sadness, Rim 66?
grornung f. complaint, NG.
grot I. n. particle, Bo; AO. [‘grot’]
II. n. groats, coarse meal, Gl. [grēot]
grotig earthy, GPH 396.
±grōwan7 to ‘grow,’ increase, Bo, Cp, Rd, WW: germinate, KGl, Mk.
grōwende ‘growing,’ Gen, KGl.
grōwnes f. growth, BH.
grund m. ‘ground,’ bottom, B, Gen, Sol, VPs: foundation, LkL: abyss, hell: plain, country land, earth, An, B, Bl, Wid: sea, water.
grundbedd n. ground, soil, Rd 8124.
grundbūend † m. earth-dweller.
grundeswelge (i3, u3, v3) f. ‘groundsel,’ Lcd.
grundfūs hastening to hell, Mod 49.
grundhyrde m. keeper of the abyss, B 2136.
grundinga = grundlunga
grundlēas bottomless, unfathomable, Bo: boundless, vast. [‘groundless’]
grundlēaslic boundless, vast, CP 41710.
grundling m. groundling (fish), BC 3·525 (Mdf).
grundlunga (i2) adv. from the foundation, completely, Æ: to the ground, prone, prostrate, Æ.
grundscēat † m. region.
grundsele † m. abysmal dwelling.
grundstān m. foundation-stone, WW. [‘groundstone’]
+grundstaðelian to establish firmly, ÆL 821.
grundwæg m. earth, An 582.
grundwang † m. (ground-plain), the earth: bottom (of a lake).
grundweall m. foundation, Æ, Lk. [‘groundwall’]
+grundweallian to establish, found, EPs 232.
grundwela m. earthly riches, Gen 957.
grundwyrgen f. water-wolf, B 1518.
grunian, grunnian (OEG) to grunt.
grunnettan to ‘grunt,’ Cp.
grunung, grunnung f. grunting, bellowing, OEG.
grut m. gulf, chasm, abyss: stone, rock, OEG 1814.
grūt f. (ds. grȳt, grūt) groats, coarse meal, Cp, Ct, Lcd: grains, the spent grain after brewing, Lcd. [‘grout’]
gryllan = griellan
grymet-tan, -tian (i) to grunt, roar, rage.
grymet-ung, -tung f. grunting, roaring, bellowing.
grymm = grimm
grymman = gremman
gryn = gyrn
grȳn = grīn
+grynd n. plot of ground, TC 23122.
gryndan I. to set, sink (of the sun), WW. [‘grind’; grund]
grynde † n. abyss.
grȳnian = grīnian
grynsmið m. worker of ill, An 919.
grȳpe (OEG 4290; 4744) = grēpe
gryre † m. horror, terror: fierceness, violence, DD 8: horrible thing.
gryrebrōga † m. terror, horror.
gryrefæst terribly firm, El 76a.
gryrefāh † adj. (used as sb.) spotted horror, B.
gryregæst (ǣ?) m. terrible stranger, B 2560.
gryregeatwe fp. war-gear, B 324.
gryrehwīl f. terrible time, An 468.
gryrelēoð † n. terrible song.
gryrelic † terrible, horrible.
gryremiht f. terrible power, W 19520.
gryresīð m. way of terror, dangerous expedition, B 1462.
gryrran to gnash, DD 195.
grys- = gris-
grȳs- = grīs-
grȳt I. pres. 3 sg. of grēotan.
grȳto f. greatness, Nar 822. [grēat]
grytta, gryttan pl. coarse meal, bran, chaff, Ep, Lcd, WW. [‘grit’]
grytte f. sand, Ps.
grȳttra (A 4·151) = *grietra cp. of grēat. [‘greater’]
gryð- = grið-
guma † m. man, hero, B. [‘gome’]
gumcynn † sn. human race, men, mankind, nation.
gumcyst † f. excellence, bravery, virtue, liberality. adv. -um excellently.
gumdrēam m. enjoyment of life, B 2469.
gumdryhten m. lord, B 1642.
gumfēða m. troop, B 1401.
gumfrēa m. king, Da 651.
-gumian v. ofer-g.
gummann m. man, B 1028.
gumrīce † n. kingdom, earth.
gumrinc † m. man, warrior.
gumstōl m. ruler’s seat, throne, B 1952.
gumðegen m. man, Cra 83.
gumðēod f. folk, people, Gen 226.
gund m. matter, pus, Lcd. [‘gound’]
gundeswilge (Ep, Erf, Ln) = grundeswelge
gung = geong
gung- = ging-
gunnon (BH) pret. pl. of ginnan.
gupan ‘clunibus, renibus, coxe,’ WW 20541 (v. A 31·522).
guttas mp. ‘guts,’ entrails, HGl 408.
gūð † f. combat, battle, war.
gūðbeorn m. fighting-hero, B 314.
gūðbill † n. battle-bill, sword.
gūðbord † n. war-shield.
gūðbyrne † f. corslet, coat of mail.
gūðcearu f. war-trouble, B 1258.
gūðcræft m. war-craft, B 127.
gūðcwēn † f. warrior queen.
gūðcyning † m. warrior king.
gūðcyst f. troop, warrior band? (Kluge): bravery? (BT), Ex 343.
gūðdēað m. death in battle, B 2249.
gūðfana m. gonfanon, war-banner, ensign, standard, Æ, AO.
gūð-flā? f., -flān? mf. battle-arrow, Gen 2063.
gūðfloga m. winged fighter, B 2528.
gūðfona = gūðfana
gūðfrēa m. warlike prince, An 1335.
gūðfrec † bold in battle.
gūðfreca † m. warrior.
gūðfremmend † m. warrior.
gūðfugol m. bird of war, eagle, Rd 255.
gūðgeatwe † fp. armour.
gūðgelǣca m. warrior, El 43.
gūðgemōt † n. battle, combat.
gūðgetāwe = gūðgeatwe
gūðgeðingu † np. battle, contest.
gūðgewǣde † n. war-dress, armour.
gūðgeweorc † n. warlike deed.
gūðgewinn † n. battle.
gūðhafoc m. war-hawk, eagle, †Chr 937a.
gūðheard bold in battle, El 204.
gūðhelm m. helmet, B 2487.
gūðhere † m. warlike host, army.
gūðhorn m. war-horn, trumpet, B 1432.
gūðhrēð m. martial glory, B 819.
gūðhwæt fierce in battle, Ap 57.
gūðlēoð n. war-song, B 1522.
gūð-mæcga, -maga m. warrior, Sol 90.
gūðmōd † warlike.
Gūðmyrce pl. Ethiopians, Ex 69.
gūðplega † m. attach, battle.
gūðrǣs † m. battle-rush, onslaught.
gūðrēaf n. armour, Jul 387.
gūðrēow fierce in battle, B 58. [hrēow]
gūðrinc † m. warrior, hero.
gūðrōf † brave in battle.
gūðscearu f. slaughter in battle, B 1213.
gūðsceaða m. ravaging invader, B 2318.
gūðsceorp n. armour, Jud 329.
gūðscrūd n. armour, El 258.
gūðsearo † n. armour.
gūðsele m. hall of warriors, B 443.
gūðspell n. tidings of a war, Gen 2097.
gūðsweord n. sword, B 2154.
gūððracu † f. hostile attack.
gūððrēat m. warlike troop, Ex 193.
gūðweard † m. war-lord, king.
gūðweorc n. warlike deed, An 1068.
gūðwērig wounded, B 1586.
gūðwiga † m. warrior.
gūðwine † m. battle-friend, weapon.
gūðwudu m. spear, Fin 6.
gy- = ge-
gyc- = gic-
gyden (AO), gydenu f. (occl. gs. gydenan) goddess. [god]
gydenlic ‘vestalis’ (= dealis? A 31·63), WW 52433.
gydig (i) possessed (by a spirit), insane, OEG 5009. [‘giddy’]
gyf = gif
gyf- = geof-, gief-, gif-
gȳf- = gīf-
gyhða (Æ) = gicða
gyhðu = gehðu
gyld = gield
gyld- = gild-
+gyld = gylden
±gyldan I. to gild.
±gylden ‘golden,’ B, Dan; Æ, AO, CP.
gyldenbēag (gilden-, Æ) m. crown.
gyldenfeax golden-haired, WW 34835.
gyldenhīwe golden-hued, OEG 435.
gyldenmūða golden-mouthed (Chrysostom), GD 9424; ZDA 317.
gyldenwecg (gylding-) m. gold mine, WW 24117.
gylian, gyllan to yell, shout. gyliende ‘garrulus,’ OEG 56138.
gylm = gelm
gylt (e, i, ie) m. ‘guilt,’ sin, offence, crime, fault, A, Bl, Chr, Mt; AO, CP.
±gyltan to commit sin, be guilty, CP, Mt, RB, VPs. [‘guilt,’ ‘guilting’]
gyltend m. sinner, debtor, CP.
gyltig offending, ‘guilty,’ Mt.
gylting f. sin, DR.
gyltlic sinful, DR.
gyltwīte n. (gyld-) fine for unpaid tax, KC 514.
gylung? ‘garrulitas,’ OEG 56141.
gym = gimm
gym- = gim-
gȳm- = gīem-
gymian = gymmian
gymm = gimm
gymmian to cut the throat, kill, OEG 3799.
gyn- = geon-, gin-
gynde pret. of *giendan to drive.
-gȳpe (= ī?) v. ǣ-g.
gypigend yawning, GPH 398.
gypung f. gaping, open mouth, GPH.
gyr I. m. mud, marsh.
II. fir tree, WW 26914.
gyr- = geor-, gier-
gyra = gyr I.
±gyrdan (pret. gyrde), to ‘gird’ (sword), Gen, PPs: encircle, surround, JnL: (+) invest with attributes, PPs.
gyrdel (e) m. ‘girdle,’ belt, zone, Lcd, Mt; Æ: purse.
gyrdelbred n. ‘pugillar,’ WW 27713.
gyrdelhring n. girdle, buckle, WW 432.
gyrdil- = gyrdel-
gyrdweg m. road with a fence on either side (BT), KC 3·41221.
gyrdwīte n. affliction caused by a rod (used of Moses’ rod), Ex 15.
gȳren = grīn
gyrn † mn. sorrow, misfortune.
gyrnstafas mp. injury, affliction, Jul 245.
gyrnwracu † f. revenge for injury.
gyrran3 [= gierran, georran] to sound, chatter, Æ: to creak, grate, An 374.
gyrretan to roar (of lions), LPs.
gyrsandæg (MFH 97) = gierstandæg
gyrst = grist
gyrstandæg (Æ) = gierstandæg
gyrtrēow n. fir tree, WW 13811.
gyru f. = gyr
gyrwan = gierwian
gyrwefenn n. marsh, ÆGr 6010.
gȳse = gēse
gȳsel = gīsl
gyst- = gæst-, giest-
gysternlicdæg = gierstandæg
gȳt- = gīet-, gīt-
gyte, gytt (NG) m. pouring forth, shedding, Æ: flood, Æ. [gēotan]
gytesǣl m. (dp. gytesālum) joy at wine-pouring, carousal, Jud 22.
gytestrēam m. running stream, WW.
gytfeorm f. ploughing-feast, LL 452, 21, 4.
gȳðcorn (ī) n. spurge laurel? Lcd.
gȳðrife f. cockle, Lcd.
gȳu = gēo
h is often wrongly prefixed to words, as in Cockney English.
hā m. oar-thole, rowlock. æt hā for each oar, or each oarsman, Chr 1040c. [Icel. hār]
habban anv. ptc. pres. hæbbende; pres. 1 sg. hæbbe, 2. hæfst, 3. hæfð, pl. hæbbað, habbað; pret. 3 sg. hæfde; subj. hæbbe; imperat. hafa; pp. (±) hæf(e)d to ‘have,’ Bl, G: possess, own, hold, B, Bl, G: keep, retain, Bl, VPs: entertain, cherish: esteem, consider, BH: be subject to, experience, Mk: obtain, Chr, Mt: assert, Lcd: used as auxiliary to indicate past tense, have, Æ, Chr, Ex. h. for consider: (+) hold, keep from, preserve, retain, CP, Æ. yfle +h. afflict, torment.
haca m. hook, door-fastening, Cp 311p. [Ger. hake]
hacele (æ) f. cloak, coat, vestment, cassock, ‘pallium,’ AO, WW; Æ. [‘hackle’]
hacod (æ, e) m. pike, WW. [‘haked’; Ger. hecht]
hād m. (rare gs. hāda) person, individuality, Æ, BH, Mt: degree, rank, order, office (especially holy office), Æ, BH, CP: condition, state, nature, character, form, manner, B, Sol: sex, BH, Chr: race, family, tribe: choir. [‘had’]
-hād masc. suffix; usu. denotes state or condition, as cildhād, mægðhād. [Eng. -hood]
+hada m. brother monk, LL.
hādbōt f. compensation for injury or insult to a priest, LL. [‘hadbot’]
hādbreca m. violator of (holy) orders, LL.
hād-bryce, -brice m. violation of (holy) orders, LL.
hādelīce adv. as to persons, DHy 296.
hādesmann m. member of a particular order, Chr 995f.
hādgrið n. privilege (as regards peace) of holy orders, LL 471[19].
±hādian to ordain, consecrate, BH; Æ. [‘hade’]
hādnotu f. office of a priest, LL 458h.
hādor I. n. clearness, brightness, B 414 (or ? hador = heaðor).
II. † (ǣ) bright, clear, fresh: distinct, loud. [Ger. heiter] adv. hādre.
hādswǣpa m. bridesman, WW 17435.
hādswǣpe (ā) f. bridesmaid, WW.
hādung f. consecration, ordination, Chr, LL. [v. ‘hade’]. hādunge underfōn to take the veil.
hādungdæg (i2) m. ordination day, ÆL 3359.
hæb = hæf
hæb- (Gl) = hæf-
hæbb- = habb-, hebb-
hæbbednes f. continence? A 8·3203.
hæbbendlic ‘habilis,’ ÆGr 545.
-hæbbere v. sulh-h.
hæc fm. grating, ‘hatch,’ half-gate, Ct.
hæc- = hac-
+hæcca sausage, WW 41120. [hacian]
hæcce I. f. crozier.
hæcwer m. hatch-weir, a weir in which fish were caught, KC 3·450.
hǣdor = hādor
hædre † straitly, anxiously.
hǣdre = hādre
hæf I. † n. (heaf-, haf- in obl. cases) sea, ocean. [cp. Ger. haff]
hǣfd = hēafod
hæfe I. m. leaven. [Ger. hefe]
hǣfed = hēafod