The Project Gutenberg eBook of A Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, by John R. Clark Hall

II. adv. ‘near,’ nigh, about, almost, nearly, lately, AO, Bo, G, Lcd, Met, etc.; CP. nēar and nēar nearer and nearer. æt nīehstan next, at length, finally.

III. prep. w. d. near, close to: according to, AO.

+nēah I. † sufficiency, abundance.

II. pres. 3 sg. of +nugan.

nēahbūend m. neighbour, Rd 26².

nēahceaster f. nearest town, BH 52²⁷ (nēh-).

nēahcyrice f. neighbouring church, GD.

nēahdǣl m. neighbourhood, GD 71³⁰.

nēahdūn f. neighbouring hill, Nar 14⁶.

nēahēa f. neighbouring river, Nar 22⁹.

nēahēaland n. neighbouring island, MH 84¹⁷.

nēahfæder m. ‘vicinus pater,’ GD 179⁷.

nēah-feald, -fealdlic (GD) intimate.

nēahfrēond (ē¹) m. near friend, near kinsman, Guth 56²².

nēahgangol (w. d.) placed near, ÆL 23¹³¹.

nēahgebūr m. ‘neighbour,’ CP.

nēahgebȳren (nēhhe-) f. neighbour, LkL 15⁹.

nēahgebȳrild (nēhe-) m. neighbour, LkL 15⁹.

nēahgehūsa (ē) m. neighbour, JVPs.

±neah-he, -hi(g)e (usu. +) sufficiently: abundantly: often, frequently: earnestly.

nēahhebūr = nēahgebūr

+neahhelīce (nehl-) sufficiently, frequently, usually, LL, Guth.

nēahhergung f. war close at hand.

neah-hie, -hige = neahhe

+nēahian to draw near to, LPs 90¹⁰.

nēahlǣcan = nēalǣcan

nēahland n. neighbourhood, GD 69²⁸.

nēah-mǣg m. nap. -māgas near relation.

nēahmǣgð f. neighbouring tribe, BH.

nēahmann m. neighbour, BH.

nēahmunt m. neighbouring mountain, GD.

nēahnes f. nearness, neighbourhood, BH.

nēahnunnmynster neighbouring convent, BH 254¹⁰.

nēahsibb I. adj. related.

II. f. affinity, relationship.

nēahsta = nīehsta

nēahstōw f. neighbourhood, place near.

neaht (Met) = niht

nēahtīd f. approaching time, BH 290²⁹.

nēahtūn (ē) m. neighbouring town or village.

nēahðēod f. neighbouring nation, AO.

nēahwæter n. neighbouring piece of water, Nar 22²⁴.

+nēahwian (ē) to draw near, cleave to, NG.

nēahwudu m. neighbouring wood, GD 229²⁰.

±nēalǣcan (w. d.) to draw near, approach, Æ; AO, CP: be near, GD 85⁹: cling to, CPs 136⁶. [‘nehleche’; nēah, lǣcan]

nēalǣcung f. approach, access, Æ.

nēalic (ē) near, neighbouring. adv. -līce nearly, about, Bl; CP. [‘nighly’]

nealles adv. not, not at all, by no means, CP.

neam = neom

nēam- = nēahm-

nēan adv. from near by: close at hand, near: nearly, about.

+nēan = +nēhwian

neap = hnæpp

nēar comp. of nēah, adv. near, nearer, AO.

+near = +ner

nēara, nēarra (AO), comp. of nēah, adj. later, latter, nearer.

neara- = nearo-

nearo (AO) = nearu

nearobregd f. crafty trick, Jul 302.

nearocræft m. skill in enclosing? B 2243.

nearofāh intensely hostile? B 2317.

nearogrāp f. close grasp, Rd 81⁶.

nearolic oppressive, straitened, El 913. adv. -līce narrowly, closely, briefly, accurately, Æ, CP: strictly, stringently, oppressively.

nearonēd f. urgent need.

nearones f. strait, AO: oppression: distress, anxiety, trouble.

nearoðancnes f. wickedness, LPs 27⁴.

nearoðearf f. dire need, Cr 69.

neart art not, Bo. [‘nart’; ne eart]

nearu I. † f? n? gs. nearu, near(o)we strait, danger, distress, difficulty. n. ðrōwian to be in straits: confinement, imprisonment: prison, hiding place.

II. adj. narrow, confined, AO, G: limited, petty: causing or accompanied by difficulty, hardship, oppressive, Bl, Rd: strict, severe, CP. [‘narrow’]

nearu- = nearo-

nearusearu † f. dark cunning? imprisonment?

nearusorg f. crushing distress, El 1261.

nearuðanc m. wickedness, OEG.

nearuwrenc m. evil trick, Mod 44.

nearwe adv. narrowly, closely, strictly, B, Met: carefully, exactly, El; CP: oppressively, forcibly: artfully: anxiously. [‘narrow’]

nearwelīce = nearolīce

nearwian (±) to force in, cramp, confine, afflict: become smaller, shrink.

nearxnewang = neorxnawang

nēasian (VPs) = nēosian

nēat n. animal, beast, ox, CP, VPs; pl. cattle. [‘neat’]

+nēat m. companion, follower (esp. in war), Chr, WW: dependant, vassal, tenant who works for a lord, v. LL 2·427. [v. ‘geneat’]

nēaten = nīeten

±nēatland n. land of a dependant or vassal, LL 196, 1, 1.

+nēatmann = +nēat

+nēatriht n. regulations as to the tenure of ‘genēatland,’ LL 445[2].

+neatscolu f. band of comrades, Jul 684.

nēawest (AO, CP), nēawist (Æ) fm. neighbourhood, nearness, presence: society, cohabitation. [nēah, wesan]

nēawung (N) f. nearness.

nebb n. bill, beak, beak-shaped thing, Cp, Ph: nose, LL: face, countenance, complexion, Æ, CP. [‘neb’]

nebb- = neb-

nebbian to retort upon, rebuke, confront, ÆH 1·256.

nebcorn n. pimple, Lcd 1·118.

nebgebræc n. nasal mucus, WW.

nebsealf f. antimony, face-powder, OEG.

nebwlātful barefaced, shameless, OEG 2³¹⁷.

nebwlātung f. barefacedness, impudence, OEG 4306.

nebwlite m. face, countenance, Æ.

nechebūr = nēahgebūr

necti- = nihte-

ned = net(t)

nēd = (1) nīed; (2) nēod

nēd- (A) = nēad-, nīed-, nȳd-

nēdl = nǣdl

nēdre (VPs), neddre = nǣdre

nefa m. (±) nephew, Æ, AO: stepson: grandson.

nefene f. granddaughter: niece.

nefne = nemne

nēfre = nǣfre adv.

nefte f. cat’s mint. [L. nepeta]

nēfugol m. bird of prey, Gen 2158. [*nēo, corpse; Goth. naus]

nēgan = nǣgan

negled- = nægled-

nēh == nēah

+nehe, +nehh(ig)e = +neahhe

nēhst = nīehst

nēhsta = nīehsta

neht == niht

neirxnawong (N) = neorxnawang

nēista = nīehsta

nele (AO, CP) = nelle (Æ) pres. 1, 3 sing., nelt = pres. 2 sg. of nellan.

nellan = *nyllan

nem-nan, -nian (±) to name, call, Æ, AO, CP: enumerate: address, speak to: nominate: mention, relate, Æ. [nama]

nemne (A; = WS nymðe) conj. and prep. unless, except, save, only.

nemnian = nemnan

nemniendlic, nemnigendlic naming, nominative, ÆGr 22¹⁰.

nemning f. name.

nemðe = nymðe

nenā (WW 252¹) = ne nā v. nā.

nēnig (KGl) = nǣnig

nēobedd † n. corpse-bed, bed of death. [Goth. naus]

nēod I. f. (ē, īe, ȳ) desire, longing: zeal, earnestness: pleasure, delight. [Goth. niuðs]

II. == nīed

nēode adv. (instr. of nēod) eagerly, zealously, diligently.

nēodfracu f. yearning, greed, Met 31¹⁵ (v. ES 39·335).

nēodfrēond m. kinsman, friend, HL 18¹⁵⁰. [nīed]

nēodful zealous, earnest, Jul 720.

nēodhus n. necessary chamber, NC 312.

±nēodian (= ēa; impers. w. g.) to be necessary, require, be required, RB. [‘need’]

nēodlaðu f. wish, B 1320.

nēodlīce adv. eagerly, carefully, zealously, diligently, Æ: (†) greatly.

nēodlof n. zealous praise, PPs 148¹².

nēodspearuwa m. (restless?) sparrow, PPs 123⁶.

nēodðearflic necessary, GD 148⁶.

nēodweorðung f. zealous honouring, PPs 142¹¹.

neofa = nefa

nēol == neowol

nēo-lǣcan (VPs), -lēcan (MtL) = nēalǣcan

neom = ne eom (am not)

neoman = niman

nēomian to sound sweetly? Wyrd 84.

nēon = nīwan

+nēopan²? to engulf, overwhelm, Ex 475.

nēor adv. = nēar

+neorð contented, Cp 544.

neorxnawang m. Paradise, Æ, CP; v. GK.

neorxnawanglic adj. of paradise, GD 179¹.

nēosan, nēosian (Æ) to search out, find out, inspect: (±) visit, go to: attack, visit with affliction.

nēosīð m. death, Mod 55.

neosu = nosu

±nēosung f. access: visitation, visit, Æ.

nēotan² (usu. w. g.) to use, have the use of, enjoy, employ. [Ger. geniessen]

nēoten = nīeten

neoð-an, -ane (i) adv. below, down, beneath, from beneath, Æ, Bl, Bo (-on). [‘nethen’]

neoðanweard adj. lower, WW 26⁶ (io).

neoðe- = niðe-

neoðon == neoðan

neoðor = niðor

neoðor- = niðer-

neoðoweard = niðeweard

neoðra = niðera

nēow- = nīw-

neowel = neowol

nēowērno (WW 454²⁸) = nāwērn

neowol (i) precipitous: headlong: prone, prostrate, Æ, Bo (i): obscure, deep down, abysmal. [‘nuel’]

neowollic (i¹, e²) profound, deep, ÆL 7⁶⁶.

neowolnes f. depth, abyss, chasm, Æ(i¹).

nēp only in phr. forðganges n. without power of advancing? Ex 469.

nēpflōd m. neap-tide, ebb, low tide, Gl.

nepte = nefte

±ner (ea) n. refuge, protection, ÆL, AO.

nēr = nēar

+ner-ednes, -renes f. deliverance.

nergend m. saviour, preserver (Christ, God).

±nerian to save, rescue, liberate, Æ, AO, CP: preserve, defend, protect. [Goth. nasjan; Ger. nāhren]

neriend, nerigend = nergend

nērra = nēar(r)a

+nerstede m. refuge, sanctuary, WW 186²³.

nerung f. guard, protection, OEG 5395.

nerw- = nearw-, nirew-

nerx- = neorx-

±nesan⁵ (usu. +) to escape from, survive, be saved.

nese (æ) adv. no, Æ, CP. [ne, sī]

ness = næss

nest I. n. ‘nest,’ MtL, Ph; Æ: young bird, brood.

II. n. food, provisions, victuals.

nēst = nīehst

nēsta (VPs) = nīehsta

nestan to spin, NG.

nestig = nistig

nestlian to make a nest, LPs 103¹⁶.

nestpohha m. wallet, MtL 10¹⁰.

net = nett

net- = nyt-

neta m. caul, WW 266²⁰.

netan = nytan

netel, netele f. ‘nettle,’ Lcd.

nēten (Bo, VPs) == nīeten

netenes = nytennes

nētl (Cp) = nǣdl

netle (Cp) = netele

neton = nyton pres. pl. of nytan.

netrāp m. snare, gin, WW.

nett (y) n. ‘net,’ Æ, Bo, WW: netting, network, spider’s web, PPs. [Goth. nati]

nette (y) f. the net-like caul, WW.

nettgern n. knitting yarn, EC 377. [gearn]

+nettian to ensnare, OEG 4596.

±nēðan to venture on, dare, risk, AO. [nōð]

+nēðedlic = +nīededlic

+neðerian = +niðerian

nēðing f. boldness, daring, AO.

nēðl (A) = nǣdl

neurisn f. aneurism, Lcd.

newesēoða (i¹) m. pit of the stomach? bowels? Lcd.

nēwest = nēawest

nēxt (LWS) == nīehst

nī- = nīg-, nīw-

nic, nice adv. not I (= no). [ne, ic]

nicor (e²) m. nap. nicras water-sprite, sea-monster, B, Bl: hippopotamus, walrus, Nar. [‘nicker’]

nicorhūs n. sea-monster’s dwelling, B 1411.

nīd = nīed

nīd- = nēad-, nīed-, nȳd-

nīed I. (ē, ēa, ēo, ī, ȳ) fn. ‘need,’ necessity, compulsion, duty, B (ȳ), BH (ē), NG (ē); AO, CP: errand, business, Æ (ēo): hardship, distress, difficulty, trouble, pain, AO: force, violence, VPs (ē): what is necessary: inevitableness: fetter, Deor 5: name of the rune for n.

II. = nēod

nīed- v. also nēad-, nȳd-.

nīedan (ē, ī, ȳ) to compel, force, urge, press, Æ (ȳ), Bo, NG (ē); AO, CP. [‘need’]

nīedbād (ē, ȳ) f. toll, exaction, blackmail.

nīedbādere (ē) m. toll-collector, TC 29¹⁰.

nīedbehǣfdlic necessary, BH 396²⁴.

nīedbehǣfednes f. necessity, Æ (ē¹).

nīedbehēfe needful, necessary, Æ(y¹).

nīedbeðearf (y³) necessary, CP 7⁷.

nīede, nīedes (ēa, ēo, ī, ȳ) adv. (instr. and gs. of nīed) of need, needs, necessarily, compulsorily, CP.

+nīededlic (ē) compulsory, BH 62²³ (v.l.).

nīedenga, nīedunga adv. necessarily, by force, forcibly, CP.

nīedfaru † f. compulsory journey, death.

nīedhǣmed (ē, ȳ) n. rape, LL.

nīedhīernes (e¹, e²) f. slavery, DR 6⁵.

nīedling m. slave, AO: sailor.

nīedmicel (ē) urgent.

nīednǣm f. seizure.

nīedscyld f. moral necessity, CP 57⁶.

nīedsibb (ēa) f. relationship, OEG.

nīedðearf I. f. need, necessity, compulsion, force, CP: distress: want, thing needed.

II. adj. necessary.

nīedðearfnes (ēa, ē, ȳ) f. need, necessity: compulsion: distress, trouble.

nīedðēow (ē, ȳ) m. slave.

nīedðrafung f. reproof, CP 297²².

nīedwǣdla m. poor wretch, Gen 929.

nīehst I. adv. (superl. of nēah) most nearly, in closest proximity: last (in time), Bl, Gen (ē).

II. adj. latest, last, Æ, Jud, VPs (ē): nearest, ‘next,’ CP, Chr, KC, MkL (ē). æt nīehstan at last, next.

nīehsta mf. closest friend, CP: (±) neighbour, MkL, VPs: next of kin, LL. [‘next’]

nieht (CP) = niht

nierwan = nearwian

nīeten (ē, ēo, ī, ȳ) n. small animal, beast, cattle, Bo, Lcd; AO, CP. [‘neten’; nēat]

nīetencynn n. kind of animal.

nīetenlic animal, brutish, Bo 35²⁸ (ē). adv. -līce like an animal, W 55¹⁶ (ȳ).

nīetennes f. brutishness, Æ (ȳ).

nieðemest = niðemest

nieðer == niðer

nīewe = nīwe

nīfara m. new comer, stranger, PPs 38¹⁵.

nifol dark, gloomy [= neowol]

nift f. niece, BH, Ep, TC: granddaughter: step-daughter. [‘nift’]

nīg- = nīw-

nigan == nigon

nīge- = nigo-

nīgecyrred newly converted, OEG 3447.

nīgefara = nīfara

nīgehalgod newly consecrated (of a king), newly crowned, ÆL 18³²⁶.

nīgehwyrfed newly converted, ÆL 5¹²⁶.

nigenda = nigoða

nīghworfen newly converted, ÆH 2·130²⁷.

nigon ‘nine,’ A, Bl, Chr; AO, CP.

nigonfeald ‘ninefold,’ ÆGr.

nigongylde entitled to ninefold compensation, LL 470[7].

nigonnihte nine days old, ANS 129·22.

nigontēoða ‘nineteenth,’ Chr: ‘ninetieth,’ OEG 2521 (nigen-).

nigontīene (ȳ³) ‘nineteen,’ A, Men.

nigontig ‘ninety,’ Lk; CP.

nigontȳnlic containing the number nineteen.

nigonwintre nine years old, AO 186¹⁰.

nigoða (y) ‘ninth,’ Bl; MH (y): ninth part, Bl.

nigoðe ninthly, LL 181[9].

nīgslȳcod ptc. freshly smoothed, glossy, MH 206²⁷.

nigun = nigon

nīh (KGl 55²⁵) = nēah

nihold (Gl), nihol = neowol

nīhst = nīehst

nīhsta = nīehsta

nihstig = nistig

niht (æ, e, ea, ie, y) f. (gs. also nihtes) ‘night’ (often used in enumerations where mod. Eng. uses days); darkness, BH, Bl, Cr, Lcd; AO, CP.

niht- = nyht-

nihtbealu n. destruction by night, B 193.

nihtbutorflēoge f. beetle or moth which flies by night, WW 121¹³; A 8·450.

nihtēage that can see at night, WW.

nihteald (night-old), that has happened yesterday, LL.

nihtegale (a, æ, e) f. nightingale, Cp: night-jar. [‘nightgale’]

nihtēge = nihtēage

nihtegesa m. nocturnal terror, PPs 90⁵.

nihtelic = nihtlic

nihterne adv. by night: during a night, Lcd.

nihternnes f. night season, Lcd 3·288²¹.

nihtes (æ) adv. (gs. of niht) by night, Æ.

nihtfeormung † f. shelter at night.

nihtgenga † m. night-goer, goblin.

nihtgenge f. night-prowler, hyæna, WW.

nihtgerīm † n. number of nights.

nihtgild n. night sacrifice or service, Gl.

nihtglōm m? gloom of night, Gu 916.

nihthelm † m. shades of night.

niht-hræfn, -hrefn, -hremn m. night-raven, night-jar.

nihthrōc m. night-raven, LPs 101⁷.

nihthwīl f. space of a night, W 147⁹.

+nihtian to become night, grow dark, NC 295.

nihtlang lasting through the night, Æ. adv. -langes, Æ.

nihtlic nocturnal, of the night, at night, Æ, CP.

nihtnehstig having fasted for a night, Lcd.

nihtremn = nihthræfn

nihtrest f. couch, Gen 2863.

nihtrīm = nihtgerīm

nihtsang m. compline: book of service for compline.

nihtscadu (a³) night-shade (plant), WW 135³.

niht-scūa † m., gs. -scu(w)an shades of night.

nihtslǣp m. night’s sleep, ÆL 23⁴⁴².

nihtsum = nyhtsum

nihtwacu f. night-watching, Seaf 7. [‘night-wake’]

nihtwæcce f. ‘night-watch,’ vigil, Lk.

nihtwaru f. clothing for night, RB 90⁴.

nihtweard m. guardian at night, Ex 116.

nihtweorc n. deed done at night, B 827.

nīhð (MP 1·613) pres. 3 sg. of nēahwan.

nīhwyrfed (OEG 3138) = nīgehwyrfed

nīlǣred newly initiated, OEG 3138.

nile = nyle, pres. 1 sg. of *nyllan.

±niman⁴ (eo, io, y) to take, assume, undertake, accept, receive, get, Bo, VPs, etc.: hold, seize, catch, grasp, pluck up, carry off, Bl (eo): bear, carry, bring: betake oneself, go, Bo: contain: suffer, tolerate: give: (+) grasp, comprehend: (+) take to wife. frið +n. make peace. hē hine genam he collected himself, reflected. sige n. gain victory. on n. take effect, Lcd. [‘nim’]

-nimend, -nimendnes v. dǣl-n.

niming f. action of taking, LkL. [‘nimming’]

nimðe = nymðe

nīol = neowol

nīow- = nēow-

nip? sb. rope, GPH 399⁴⁵¹.

+nip darkness, mist, cloud, obscurity, Æ. [nīpan]

±nīpan¹ † to grow dark, obscure.

+nipful dark, gloomy, ES 39·347.

nirewett (nirw-) n. narrowness: narrow place, defile, pass, AO: hardness of breathing.

nirwan = nearwian

nirwð f. prison house, WW 399⁵. [nierwan]

nis (Æ, Bo, VPs) = ne is (is not). [‘nis’]

nisēoða = newesēoða

nīsoden ptc. newly-boiled, OEG 326.

nistan (VPs), nistian (SPs) to build nests. [‘nest’]

nistig adj. fasting, Lcd. [ne, wist]

nist-lan (PPs), -lian (EPs) (y) to build nests. [‘nestle’]

nit- = nyt-

nīten = nīeten

niton (Bo) = nyton v. nytan. [‘niten’]

nið n. abyss, Sat 634?

nīð m. strife, enmity, attack, war: evil, hatred, spite, Bl, Cr, VPs; AO, CP: oppression, affliction, trouble, grief, AO. [‘nith’]

niðan = neoðan

nīðan to hate, GD 117⁵.

niðas = niððas

nīðcwalu f. violent death, destruction, Cr 1258.

nīðcwealm ‡ m. violent death, destruction.

nīðdraca m. hostile dragon, B 2273.

niðemest v. niðera.

niðer (io, y) adv. below, beneath, Æ, B, Bo; AO, CP. [‘nether’]

niðera (eo, y) (comp.) adj. niðemest, nyðemest (superl.; positive not found) lower, under, lowest, Bo, WW; CP. [‘nether’]

niðerāscūfan (ēo⁴) to push down, Æ.

niðerāstīgan¹ to descend, Æ, CP.

niðerātredan⁵ to tread down, tread under foot.

niðerbogen ptc. bent down, KC 4·72¹.

niðerdǣl m. lower part, PPs 138¹².

niðere adv. below, down, low down, Bo. [‘nether’]

niðerflōr f. lower story, GD 170¹⁷.

niðergān (y¹) to descend, Æ.

niðergang (y) m. descent, Lcd 3·246⁸.

niðerheald bent downwards, Met 31²³.

niðerhreosende (y) falling down, Æ.

niðerhryre (y¹) m. downfall, precipitation, Sc 229¹².

±niðerian (e, y) to depress, abase, bring low, oppress, Jud, Lk, VPs; AO, CP: condemn, accuse. +nyðred ignominious, ÆL 23b¹⁴. [‘nither’]

+niðerigendlic (y) deserving condemnation, Sc 162¹⁸.

niðerlic low, low-lying, inferior, lowly, CP.

niðernes (y) f. deepness, bottom, BH 212²¹.

niðerra = niðera

niðerscēotende (y) rushing downwards.

niðerscyfe m. rushing downwards, descent, HGl 468.

niðersige (y¹) m. going down, LPs.

niðerstīgan = niðerāstīgan

niðerstige (y¹) m. descent.

niðertorfian to throw down, GPH 390.

niðerung f. humiliation, downthrow, condemnation, BH (y), OEG. [‘nither’]

+niðerung f. abasement, Æ: condemnation, Æ.

niðerweard adj. directed downwards. adv. -weardes.

niðeweard situated beneath, low, nethermost.