The Project Gutenberg eBook of A Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, by John R. Clark Hall

ðearlic severe, cruel, harsh, violent, grievous. adv. -līce, CP.

ðearlmōd † stern, severe, violent, strong, mighty.

ðearlwīs strict, severe, relentless, CP.

ðearlwīslic severe, GD. adv. -līce, CP.

ðearlwīsnes f. severity, strictness, BH, GD.

ðearlwȳs- = ðearlwīs-

ðearm (a) m. gut, entrail, Æ, Gl. [‘tharm’]

ðearm(ge)wind n. windpipe (= windðearm), OET 509 (v. ES 43·332).

ðearmgyrd m. belly-band, girdle, belt, WW 220¹.

ðearsc = ðærsc pret. 3 sg. of ðerscan.

ðearsm (BH 426²⁴) = ðrosm

ðēat pret. 3 sg. of ðēotan.

ðēatan = ðēotan

ðēater m? theatre, AO 154².

ðēatscipe (N) = ðēodscipe

ðēaw I. m. usage, custom, habit, conduct, disposition, AO, B, JnL; CP: (in pl.) virtues, (good) manners, morals, morality, Æ, CP. [‘thew’]

II. = ðēow

+ðeawe customary, usual, GD.

ðēawfæst decorous, moral, virtuous, honourable.

ðēawfæstlīce correctly, ÆL 5²²².

ðēawfæstnes f. obedience, discipline, Æ.

ðēawful moral, virtuous, W 250⁴.

ðēawian = ðēowian

ðēawlēas ill-mannered, Æ.

ðēawlic customary, Æ: decent, moral, Æ: figurative. adv. -līce.

+ðēawod well-mannered, moral, Æ.

ðēb- (Gl) = ðēof-

ðec das. of ðu.

ðeccan (±) to cover, cover over, conceal, B, Gen, Lcd, PPs: (†) swallow up? [‘thatch’]

ðeccbryce m. tile, HGl 459⁴².

ðeccend m. protector, defender, PPs 70.

ðecele = ðæcele

ðecen f. thatch, tile, covering, roof: (fig.) house, Æ. [ðeccan]

ðecest pres. 2 sg, of ðeccan.

ðecgan I. to consume, Lcd.

II. obl. case of sb? receptacle? (BT) or = ðeccan? (Lieb.), LL 454[10].

+ðēd = +ðēod

ðēde pret. of ðēon (ðȳwan).

ðēf = ðēof

ðēfanðorn, ðefonðorn (APs 57¹⁹), ðēfeðorn = ðȳfeðorn

ðēfel = ðȳfel

ðefian to pant, heave, palpitate, HGl.

ðeften (HGl 461⁵⁶) = ðyften

ðēfð = ðīefð

ðegan to serve, Gu 140.

ðegen I. = ðegn

II. pp. of ðicgan.

ðegen- = ðegn-, ðēn-

ðegeð 3 p. sg. pres. of ðecgan.

ðegh (Gl) = ðēoh

ðegin = ðegn

ðegn (æ) [v. LL 456; 2·680] m. servant, minister, retainer, vassal, follower, disciple, BH, Bl, Bo, G, Gl; AO, CP: freeman, master (as opposed to slave): courtier, noble (official, as distinguished from hereditary), Æ, LL, WW: (†) military attendant, warrior, hero, AO, B. [‘thane’]

ðegn-, v. also ðēn-.

ðegnboren (ðegen-) well-born, LL.

ðegngylde n. legal money value of a thane, W 162¹⁰.

ðegnhyse m. attendant, retainer, WW.

±ðegnian (æ, ēn) (w. d.) to serve, minister, wait on, B, BH, Bl, G; CP: supply another with anything: perform (an office). [‘theine’]

ðegnlagu f. rights, duties or privileges of a thane, LL, W.

ðegnlic noble, brave, loyal, Æ. adv. -lice.

ðegnrǣden f. thaneship, service.

ðegnriht n. rights or privileges of a thane, LL.

ðegnscipe m. thaneship, service, duty: ability, AO: manliness, valour, AO: body of retainers.

ðegnscolu f. band of vassals, WW 371⁷.

ðegnsorh f. sorrow for loss of thanes, B 131.

ðegnung = ðēn-ung, -ing

ðegnweorud n. band of followers, Cr 751.

ðegnwer m. thane’s ‘wergild,’ LL.

ðego = ðegu

ðēgon = ðǣgon pret. pl. of ðicgan.

-ðegu v. bēah-, wīn-ð.

ðeh (A) = ðec

ðēh I. = ðēoh I.

II. (A, K) = ðēah

ðeht == ðeaht

ðel, ðell n. board, plank, (metal) plate. [Ger. diele]

ðelbrycg f. bridge of planks, Ct.

ðelcræft = ðylcræft

ðellfæsten n. fastness made of planks, ship, ark, Gen 1482.

ðellian = ðillian

-ðelu v. buruh-, benc-ð. [‘theal’]

ðēm = ðǣm

ðēn == ðegn

±ðencan I. to ‘think’ (‘i-thenche’), imagine, think of, meditate, reason, consider, Æ, B, Bo, Bl, LL; AO, CP: remember, recollect, CP, RB: intend, purpose, attempt, devise, B, Bl: wish, desire, long for. [ðanc]

II. (rarely) = ðyncan

ðencendlic thoughtful, MFH 174.

ðende = ðenden

ðēnde = ðēonde

ðenden conj. and adv. meanwhile, while, as long as, until.

ðene = ðone

ðēnest f. service, entertainment, Chr 1054d.

ðēnestmann (ēo¹) m. serving-man, retainer, Chr 656e.

ðēnestre f. servant, handmaiden, OEG 1358.

ðeng = ðegn

ðengel † m. prince, king, lord, ruler.

ðenian = ðennan

ðēnian (Æ, CP) = ðegnian

ðēnigmann = ðēningmann

ðēningfæt n. serving-vessel, RB.

ðēninggāst m. ministering spirit, Æ.

ðēninghūs n. workshop, GPH 394.

ðēningmann m. serving man, Æ, CP.

ðēnisc (religious) service, EC 265?

ðennan (±) to stretch, extend, Lcd (æ), PPs: prostrate: exert oneself: spread the fame of, magnify, OEG. [‘thin’]

ðenning f. stretching, extension, A 11·172.

+ðēnsum obedient, helpful, useful, Æ. [ðegen]

ðēnung (ðegn-) service, ministry, Bl, Bo; CP: (pl.) attendants, retinue: use: church service, mass-book: meal-time, meal, Æ. [‘theining’]

ðēnungbōc f. book for divine service, mass-book, Æ.

ðēnungwerod n. body of serving-men, MH 218¹².

ðēo I. = ðēow m.

II. ds. of ðēoh.

III. = sēo II.

IV. pres. 1 sg. of ðēon.

ðēod f. people, nation, tribe, Chr, Lk; AO, CP; Mdf: region, country, province, Bo: men, war-troop, retainers: (in pl.) Gentiles, Æ, MtR: language. [‘thede’]

+ðēod pp. of +ðēon, ðȳwan.

±ðēodan to join, associate (with), attach or subject oneself to, Æ, CP: (+) engage in: (+) translate. ð. fram separate.

ðēodbealu † n. public calamity.

ðēodbūende † mp. earth-dwellers, human beings.

ðēodcwēn f. queen, empress, El 1156.

ðēodcyning m. monarch: (†) God.

ðēode pret. 3 sg. of ðēon.

+ðēode n. speech, language, AO, CP: nation: translation, Æ.

ðēodegsa m. general terror, Cr 834.

ðēoden m. chief of a tribe, ruler, prince, king: God, Christ. [ðēod; cp. dryhten from dryht]

ðēodend m. translator, OEG 15⁶.

+ðēodendlic copulative, ÆGr 259¹.

ðēodengedāl n. separation from one’s lord (through his death), Gu 1324.

ðēodenhold † faithful to one’s lord.

ðēodenlēas without a ruler or chief, lordless, B 1103.

ðēoden-māðm (-mādm) m. treasure given by a prince, Gen 409.

ðēodenstōl † m. throne.

ðēodeorðe f. inhabited earth, W 240¹⁵.

ðēodfēond m. public enemy, W.

ðēodfruma m. prince, ruler, Met 29⁹⁴.

ðēodgestrēon n. people’s treasure, great possession, B 44; 1218.

ðēodguma † m. man, warrior.

ðēodhere m. national army, host, Gen 2160.

-ðēodig, -ðēodig-lic, -nes v. el-ð.

ðēodisc I. † n. speech, language.

II. adj. Gentile, OEG 8³⁵⁰. [Ger. deutsch]

+ðēodlæcan to adhere, cleave to, LPs 24²¹.

ðēodland n. inhabited land, district, country, empire: the continent.

ðēodlic national, ÆGr 65⁶.

+ðēodlic social, intimate.

ðēodlīcetere m. public deceiver, arch-hypocrite, W 54¹⁸.

ðēodloga m. arch-liar, W.

ðēodmægen n. troop, host, Ex 342.

±ðēodnes f. (+) joining, suture: conjunction, association: (+) conjugation, ÆGr: (+) translation.

±ðēodrǣden f. intercourse, fellowship, Æ.

ðēodsceaða m. public pest, criminal.

ðēodscipe m. I. nation, people, community, population.

II. connection, association: discipline, training, teaching, instruction, testimony: learning, erudition, CP: administration, law, authority: conduct.

ðēodstefn m. tribe, nation, PPs 83¹⁰.

+ðēodsumnes f. agreement, LkL p8¹.

ðēodðrēa f? m? general distress, B 178.

ðēodwiga m. great warrior, Pa 38.

ðēodwita m. learned man: senator, Æ.

ðēodwundor n. great wonder, Cr 1155.

ðēof I. (ǣ, ēa) m., criminal, ‘thief,’ robber, G, LL, OET.

II. f. theft.

ðēofdenn n. robber’s cave, KC 3·15²⁸.

ðēofend (only found in pl.?) f. thieving, theft.

ðēofeðorn = ðȳfeðorn

ðēoffeng m. seizure of thieves by an owner on his own land: right to fines payable on conviction for theft? TC (v. BT).

ðēofgild n. payment for theft, LL.

±ðēofian to ‘thieve,’ steal, LL, TC.

ðēofmann m. robber, brigand, AO ÆP.

ðēofsceaða m. robber, v. ANS 129·24n6.

ðēofsceolu = ðēofscolu

ðēofscip n. pirate-ship, Gl.

ðēofscolu f. band of robbers, Bo 33¹⁰.

ðēofscyldig f. guilty of theft, LL 226´.

ðēofslege m. slaying of a thief, LL 97.

ðēofsliht m. slaying of a thief, LL 104b.

ðēofstolen ptc. stolen, LL.

ðēofð = ðīefð

ðēofung f. thieving, NC 327.

ðēofunt (NG) = ðēofend

ðēofwracu f. punishment for theft, LL 174.

ðēoging f. increase, profit: advance, progress.

ðēoh I. (ē) n. (gs. ðēos, ds. ðēo; gp. ðēona) ‘thigh,’ hip, AO, CP, Gl, Lcd, MH.

II. imperat. of ðēon.

ðēohece m. pain in the thigh, Lcd.

ðēohgelǣte n. thigh-joint, Lcd.

ðēohgeweald np. ‘genitalia,’ Lcd.

ðēohhweorfa m. knee-cap, Lcd.

ðēohscanca m. thigh-bone, Lcd, WW.

ðēohseax (æ²) n. hip-sword, short sword, dirk, WW.

ðēohwræc m. pain in the thigh, Lcd 1·354¹⁹.

±ðēon I. (sv^1,3) to thrive, prosper, flourish, grow, increase, ripen, Æ, B, Bl, Lk, Sc: be profitable, to become or be great, excel, CP: lengthen (of days). [‘thee,’ ‘i-thee’]

II. (wv.) = ðȳwan

III. (wv.) † to perform, do.

ðēona v. ðēoh.

ðeonan = ðanon

ðēonde pres. ptc. of ðēon I.

ðeonen = ðanon

ðēonest = ðēnest

ðēonȳd = ðēownȳd

ðēor m? inflammation? Lcd.

ðēorādl f. inflammation? blistering heat? Lcd.

ðeorcung = deorcung

ðēordrenc m. a drink used for inflammation, Lcd.

ðeorf (æ, e, o) I. adj. unleavened, Æ, G, WW: fresh? skim? (milk), Lcd.

II. n. unleavened bread, Æ. [‘tharf’]

ðeorfa = ðearfa

ðeorfdagas mp. days of unleavened bread, A 8·330.

ðeorfhlāf m. loaf of unleavened bread, Æ.

ðeorfling m. unleavened bread, WW.

ðeorfnes f. freedom from leaven, purity, Æ.

ðeorfsymbel n. feast of unleavened bread, Æ.

ðēorgerid n. inflammation? Lcd 187a.

ðeorscwold = ðerscold

ðēorwærc m. inflammatory disease? Lcd 45b.

ðēorwenn f. inflammatory tumour or blister, carbuncle, Lcd 123a.

ðēorwyrm m. inflammatory (parasitic) worm, Lcd 45a.

ðēorwyrt f. ploughman’s spikenard, fleabane, Lcd.

ðēos I. dem. pron., nom. fem. this. v. ðēs.

II. gs. of ðēoh.

III. gs. of (ðēo =) ðēow.

ðeossa = ðissa

ðeossum = ðisum

ðēoster == ðēostor

ðēostor, ðēostre (īe, ī, ȳ) dark, gloomy, B, BH: sad, mournful. [‘thester’]

ðēostorcofa † m. dark chamber.

ðēostorful dark, dusky, Æ, Mt (ȳ). [‘thesterfull’]

ðēostorfulnes (ē, ȳ) f. darkness, OEG.

ðēostorlic obscure, dark, Æ (e²). [‘thesterly’]

ðēostorloca m. tomb, El 485.

ðēostornes (ǣ, ī, ȳ) f. darkness, AO, Bo. [‘thesterness’]

ðēostre = ðēostor, ðēostru

ðēostrian to grow dark, become dim, be eclipsed, BH: (±) darken, obscure, Bo, Mt. [‘thester’]

ðēostrig dark, obscure, blinded, GD (ȳ), Mk. [‘thestri’]

ðēostru f. (ī, īe, ȳ), ðēostre n. (often in pl.) darkness, gloom, BH; Æ. [‘thester’]

ðēostrung f. twilight, gloom.

ðeosum = ðissum

+ðēot I. n. howling, Guth 48⁴.

II. pres. 3 sg. of +ðēodan.

ðēotan² (ēa, ū) to roar, howl, Æ, Bo, Met: sound forth, resound, murmur, WW. [‘theoten’]

ðēote f. torrent, fountain, cataract, waterfall: conduit, pipe, Æ. [ðēotan]

ðēow I. fm. servant, slave, AO, CP, DR, G.

II. adj. servile, Æ, AO, Bo, W. [‘theow’]

ðēowa m. (Æ, CP) = ðēow I.

+ðēowa m. enslaved person, v. MFH 104.

ðēowæt = ðēowot

ðēowan I. = ðēowian

II. = ðȳwan

ðēowatdōm = ðēowotdōm

ðēow-boren, -berde not free-born, born in servitude.

ðēowcnapa m. bondservant, ÆH 2·510²⁷.

ðēowdōm m. slavery, servitude, service, vassalage, subjection, Æ, AO; CP: divine service. [‘theowdom’]

ðēowdōmhād m. service, BH 480¹⁰.

ðēowe f. female slave, handmaiden, BH, MtL (ī). [‘theow’]

ðēowen, ðēowene = ðēowe

ðēowet (Æ) = ðēowot

ðēowetling m. little servant or slave, Æ.

ðēowhād m. servitude, service, BH.

ðēowian I. (±) (ēa) (w. d.) occl. pret. ðēowde to serve, minister to, be subject to, Bo, Lk, Mt (ē); AO, CP: enslave, give over into slavery, Æ. [‘theow’]

II. = ðȳwan I.

ðēowin = ðēowen

ðēowincel (īo) n. little servant, CVHy 3³.

ðēowlic servile, ÆGr 55¹n.

ðēowne as. of ðēowen.

ðēownȳd (e²) † f. serfdom, slavery.

ðēowot n. service, ministry, servitude, bondage, Æ, AO, CP.

ðēowotdōm m. service, CP.

ðēowotlic of a slave, servile, Æ (wt).

ðēowotling (e²) m. servant, slave, Æ.

ðēowotscipe (wt) m. service, ÆH 23b²⁶.

ðēowracian to threaten, menace, SPs 102⁹.

ðēowracu (Æ) = ðēowwracu

+ðēowrǣden (RB) = ðēodrǣden

ðēowt == ðēowot

ðēowð = ðēofð, ðīefð

ðēowu = ðēowe

ðēowut = ðēowot

ðēowwracu f. commination, threat, threatening, Æ.

ðeox hunting-spear, HGl 423.

ðēr == ðǣr

ðeran to rush, Cp 150j.

ðerc-, ðercs- = ðersc-

ðercan, ðerccan to ‘thrash,’ ‘thresh,’ beat, WW.

ðerexwold = ðerscold

ðerf = ðeorf

ðerflicnes (KGl) = ðearflicnes

ðerh (NG) == ðurh

ðērinne = ðǣrinne

ðērrihte = ðǣrrihte

+ðersc n. thrashing, beating, GD.

±ðerscan³ (a, æ, ea, i, y) to thresh, ‘thrash,’ beat, strike, CP, DR, Sol, WW.

ðerscel (y) f. flail, WW. [‘threshel’]

ðerscelflōr f. threshing-floor, Mt 3¹².

ðersc-old, -wald, -wold, ðerx(w)old (æ, eo, i, y) m. ‘threshold,’ border, limit, Æ, Bo, WW.

ðes = ðæs

ðēs (e?) m., ðēos f., ðis n. dem. pron. ‘this.’ beforan ðissum, ǣr ðissum before this, formerly.

ðēster- = ðēostor-

ðēstrian = ðēostrian

ðet = ðæt

ðette = ðætte

ðēw- = ðēow-, ðȳw-

ðī = ðȳ

ðīada (VPs 134¹⁵) = ðēoda gp. of ðēod.

+ðian = +ðēon

ðicce I. adj. ‘thick,’ viscous, solid, AO, Bo, Lcd, RB: dense, stiff, Bo, CP, Lcd: numerous, abundant, AO: hazy, gloomy, Æ, BH. II. adv. thickly, closely, Bl, Lcd, WW: often, frequently, Gen 684.

ðiccet n. thick bushes, ‘thicket,’ SPs. [ðicce]

ðiccian tr., intr. to thicken, Æ, WW: crowd together, Shr. [‘thick’]

ðiccnes = ðicnes

ðiccol, ðiccul fat, corpulent, WW.

ðicfeald dense, OEG 278.

+ðicfyldan to make dense, Gl.

±ðicgan⁵ (and wv.) (a, æ, e, ea) to take, receive, accept, Chr, Lcd: partake of, consume, taste, eat, drink, Mk; AO, CP.

ðiclīce thickly, often, continually, frequently, in large numbers, AO.

ðicnes f. ‘thickness,’ density, viscosity, hardness, GD, Lcd, SPs: depth: anything thick or heavy (as clouds or rain), LPs, ZDA: thicket: darkness.

ðīdan = ðyddan

ðider (æ, y) adv. on that side, ‘thither,’ whither, Æ, BH, Bl (y); AO, CP. hider and ð. or. hidres ðidres (ðædres) hither and thither, CP: where, wherever.

ðidercyme m. a coming hither, NC 327 (late).

ðidergeond thither, Æ.

ðiderinn (y¹, y²) adv. therein, into that place.

ðiderlēodisc to that people, native, MH 178²⁵.

ðiderweard, ðiderweardes adv. ‘thitherwards,’ thither, Æ, AO, Bo.

ðidres = ðider

ðīed- = ðēod-

ðieder (CP) = ðider

ðīef- = ðēof-

ðīefefeoh n. stolen goods, LL.

ðīefð (ē, ēo, ȳ) f. ‘theft,’ Lcd (ȳ), LL: stolen goods, LL (ðēoft). [ðēof]

+ðiegen = +ðigen

ðīen = ðȳwan

ðīende = ðēonde

ðīenen = ðīnen

ðienga = ðinga, gp. of ðing.

ðīestr- = ðēostr-

ðīf- = ðīef-, ðȳf-

ðigde, ðigede pret. 1, 3 sg. of ðicgan.

ðigen I. f. receiving, taking (of food or drink), eating, Æ: food or drink, Æ. [ðicgan]

II. pp. of ðēon I. and ðicgan.

ðigeð pres. 3 sg. of ðicgan.

ðignen = ðīnen

ðīgon pret. pl. of ðēon I.

ðīhsl = ðīsl

ðihtig = ðyhtig

ðīhð pres. 3 sg. of ðēon I.

ðilc = ðyllic

ðile = ðyle

ðilian (e, y) to lay with planks, board over, Æ. [Ger. dielen]

ðilic = ðyllic

ðiling f. boarding, floor: table, GD 97⁴.

ðille n. thin board, plank, flooring, Gl. [Ger. diele]

ðillian = ðilian

ðillic = ðyllic

ðimiama m. incense, Æ. [L. thymiama]

ðīn I. gs. of ðu.

II. adj. pron. ‘thine,’ thy.

III. f. = ðigen

ðīnan to grow moist, Lcd 13b.

ðinc = ðing

ðincan = (1) ðyncan; (2) ðencan

+ðincðo = +ðyncðo

+ðind n. swelling, Lcd.

ðindan³ to swell, swell up, Æ: (wrongly, through confusion betw. ‘tabescere’ and ‘tumescere’) melt, pass away, PPs 111⁹; 118¹⁵⁸: be angry.

ðīnen f. maid-servant, handmaid, Æ: midwife, Æ. [ðegn]

ðing n. ‘thing,’ creature, Æ, Lcd: object, property, Æ, Bo, Bl, Lcd: cause, motive, reason, Æ: lawsuit, PPs: event, affair, act, deed, enterprise, Æ, CP, Lcd, MtR: condition, circumstances, Æ: contest, discussion, council, assembly, An, B, Cr, LL: court of justice, v. LL 2·449: point, respect, Bl. mid nānum ðingum adv. not at all. for his ðingum for his sake. for ðisum ðingum for this reason. be fullum ðingum abundantly. ǣnige ðinga anyhow, in any way, somehow. raðost ðinga at the earliest. ælces ðinges entirely, in every respect.

ðingan to invite, address? Gl.

+ðingan = +ðēon

+ðinge n. meeting, council: agreement, covenant: fate.

ðingemann m. (Danish) mercenary.

Entry supplied from first edition.

±ðingere m. advocate, intercessor, mediator, priest, Gl, CP.

ðingestre f. female advocate, mediatrix, HL 10⁶⁹⁸.

ðinggemearc n. † reckoning of time, allotted time.

ðingian (w. d.) to beg, pray, ask, intercede for, LL, Sat; CP: come to terms, covenant, conciliate, compound with, settle: (refl.) reconcile oneself (with): determine, purpose, design: talk, harangue. [‘thing’]

ðinglēas free (from sin or crime), LL 412.

ðingmann = ðingemann

ðingrǣden f. intercession, pleading, mediation, intervention, Æ.

+ðingsceat m. ransom, CP 339¹⁰.

ðingstede † m. meeting-place, place of assembly.

ðingstōw f. meeting-place, place of council: place where ways meet, village: market.

+ðingðo = +ðyncðo

ðingum adv. (instr. pl. of ðing) purposely.

±ðingung f. advocacy, intercession, mediation, Æ, CP.

ðinn- = ðynn-

ðīnne asm. of ðīn II.

ðīnnen = ðīnen