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A Latin Grammar for Schools and Colleges

Chapter 31: A
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About This Book

The work presents a systematic Latin grammar for classroom use, beginning with sounds and word formation and proceeding through detailed paradigms for noun and verb inflection. It treats sentence structure from simple to complex, explaining moods, tenses, sequence of tenses, indirect discourse, and a wide range of subordinate constructions. Extensive appendices cover pronouns, numerals, and prosody, including rules of quantity and versification. Organized into numbered sections with indexes, the volume functions as a comprehensive reference and teaching guide for students and instructors.

INDEX OF SUBJECTS.

THE REFERENCES ARE TO SECTIONS.

 A   B   C   D   E   F   G   H   I   J   K   L   M   N   O   P   Q   R   S   T   U   V   W   Y 

A

Abbreviations,

C. for Gāius, 20;

Cn. for Gnaeus, 20;

Ↄ. for Gāia, 20;

K. for Kalendae, 20.

Ability,

verbal expressions of, in indic. with infin., 1495, 1496;

in impf. indic., 1497;

in conditional periods, 2074, 2101;

words of, with gerundive construction, 2254.

Ablative case,

defined, 419;

sing., how formed, 425, 426;

plur., how formed, 428;

lacking, see Defective;

of words in -tu- (-su-), 235, 430.

-ā- stems, in -ād, 426, 443;

in -eis, 440, 443;

in -āīs and -ēīs, 441;

in -īs for iīs, 440;

in -ābus, 442;

inscriptional forms, 443;

Greek nouns, 444, 445.

-o- stems, in -ōd, 426, 465;

in -āīs, -ēīs, -ōīs, 458;

in -ōbus, 464;

inscriptional forms, 465;

Greek nouns, 466.

Consonant stems, for -ē-, no certain evidence is cited, 502;

substs., in and -ei, 502, 507;

adjs., in , 503, 622, 626;

in -īd, 426, 507;

inscriptional forms, 507;

Greek nouns, 508-512.

-i- stems, substs., in , -e, 552-558, 561, 517-527, 531;

adjs., in , -e, 558-561, 525-537, 634-636;

adjs., in alone, 559, 629;

pres. part., in , -e, 560, 633;

inscriptional forms, 564;

Greek nouns, 565.

-u- stems, in -uō (-ūd), 593;

in -ubus, 592;

inscriptional forms, 593.

Pronouns, peculiar and inscriptional forms, of ego, , suī, 648, 650, 651;

of meus, tuus, suus, 653-655;

of hīc, 663-665;

of ille, iste, 667, 668;

of illic, istic, 670;

of is, 673, 674;

of īdem, 677, 678;

of ipse, 680;

of quī, quis, 688-690;

of aliquis, &c., 692.

Uses of, 1296-1400;

general, 1296-1301;

meaning of, 1297, 1299, 1300;

as adv., 703-707, 1376;

combined with acc., 1199, 1303.

Ablative proper, 1297, 1302-1330;

attached to subst., 1301, 1313, 1314;

of separation, want, departure, 1302-1306, 1293, 1294;

denoting place from which, with town and island names, 1307-1310;

denoting origin and place from which, with country names, 1309, 1310;

in dates, 1307;

domō, rūre, humō, 1311;

of source, stuff, or material, 1312-1315;

of the doer of an action, 1318, 1319, 1476, 1477, 2243;

of cause, influence, or motive, 1316-1319;

with faciō and sum, denoting that with which or to which something is done, 1315;

causā, grātiā, &c., 1257, 1317;

denoting person, equivalent to abstract, 1319;

of comparison, 1320-1330;

with alter, alius, 1323;

with compar. advs., 1327;

in expressions of age, 1329;

opīniōne, exspectātiōne, spē, 1330;

amplius, longius, plūs, minus, 1328, 1329;

with judicial verbs, 1280-1282.

Locative ablative, 1299, 1331-1355;

attached to subst., 1301, 1331;

in dates, 1307, 1331;

domī, rūrī, humī, orbī, 1337;

bellī, mīlitiae, 1338;

joined with loc. adv., 1340;

of place where, with town and island names, 1331-1335, 1342, 1343;

of place where, with forum, urbs, oppidum, &c., 1332, 1333;

of place where, with other appellatives, 1344, 1347;

of place where, with country names, 1336, 1347;

with teneō, recipiō, &c., 1348;

with fīdō, cōnfīdō, glōrior, laetor, nītor, stō, frētus, 1349;

of time at which, 1341, 1350, 1351;

of time within which, 1352-1354;

of time during which, 1355.

Instrumental ablative 1300, 1356-1399;

of accompaniment, 1356, 1357;

with iūnctus, coniūnctus, 1357;

of manner, 1358-1361;

absolute, 1362-1374, see also 1533, 1900, 2110, 2121;

of quality, 1375;

of the route taken, 1376;

of instrument or means, 1377-1384, 1476, 1477;

with fruor, fungor, potior, ūtor, vēscor, ūsus est, opus est, 1379-1384;

of specification, 1385;

with verbs of fulness, 1386;

with adjs. of fulness, 1387;

of measure, exchange, price, 1388-1392;

with dignus, indignus, &c., 1392;

of amount of difference, 1393-1399, 1153, 1154, 1459;

of time before or after which, 1394, 1154;

with absum and distō, 1153;

of intervāllum and spatium in designations of distance, 1399;

of persons, instead of abl. with ab, 1477.

Combined with other abls. in same sentence, 1400;

with in and sub after verbs of rest, 1423;

with in after verbs of motion, 1424;

of gerundive construction and gerund, 2265-2268;

supine in as, 235, 2269, 2277.

Abounding,

verbs of, with gen., 1293;

with abl., 1386;

adjs. of, with gen., 1263, 1264;

with abl., 1387.

Abridgement,

of sentences, 1057, 2111.

Abstaining,

verbs of, with gen., 1294;

with abl., 1302-1306, 1294;

with quīn, 1986.

Abstract,

substs., defined, 7;

plur. of, 416, 1109;

subst. suffixes denoting quality, 246-264;

adj. suffixes denoting quality, 281-297;

suffixes denoting action, 212-237, 249, 285;

abstract in rel. sentence instead of in main sentence, 1800.

Acatalectic verse,

defined, 2537.

Accent,

general rules of, 84-91;

in gen. and voc. of -o- decl., 87;

on final syllable, 88;

marks of, 29, 3; 30; 85;

of proclitics and enclitics, 92-94;

of preps., 92;

of rel. and indef. prons., 92;

of compounds of faciō, 394;

in verse, 2548.

Accentual,

verse, 2548;

verse, in carmina, 2549;

theory of the Saturnian, 2553.

Accompaniment,

abl. of, 1356, 1357.

Accomplishing,

verbs of, with subjv., 1579, 1712;

with purpose clause, 1951;

with result clause, 1955, 1965;

with acc. and infin., 2196.

Accusative case,

defined, 419;

sing., of neut. nouns, how formed, 423;

plur., of neut. nouns, how formed, 423;

sing. and plur., of gender nouns, how formed, 424;

lacking, see Defective;

ending in d, 149.

-ā- stems, in -ām, 436;

inscriptional forms, 443;

Greek nouns, 444, 445.

-o- stems, in -om and -um, 452;

in -ā-, 130, 2; 461;

inscriptional forms, 465;

Greek nouns, 466.

Consonant stems, in -īs, 505, 507, 622;

inscriptional forms, 507;

Greek nouns, 508-512.

-i- stems, in -im, -em, 547-551, 517-525;

inscriptional forms, 564;

Greek nouns, 565.

-u- stems, inscriptional forms, 593.

Adverbs from, 699-702, 549, 1156.

Pronouns, peculiar and inscriptional forms, of ego, , suī, 648, 650, 651;

of meus, tuus, suus, 653-655;

of hīc, 663-665;

of ille, iste, 667;

of illic, istic, 670;

of is, 673;

of īdem, 677;

of ipse, 680.

Uses of, 1124-1174;

general, 1124-1131.

Of the object, 1132-1150;

with compounds of ad, circum, ex, in, ob, per, prae, praeter, trāns, 1137;

double, with verbs compounded with preps., 1138, 1198;

with verbs of feeling, commonly intrans., 1139;

emphasizing or defining, 1140-1146, 1173, 1475;

of kindred derivation with verb, 1140, 1173;

of kindred meaning with verb, 1141;

neut., of adj., with verb, 1142;

with verbs of smelling and tasting, 1143;

neut., of pron., with verbal expression, 1144, 1840, 1851;

of appellative, used adverbially, 1145;

attached to subst., 1129, 1146;

of part concerned, 1147;

of thing put on or off, 1148;

of exclamation, 1149, 1150, 2112;

with verb not expressed, 1150.

Of space and time, 1151-1156, 1475;

with abhinc, 1154;

with ordinals, 1155;

expressing ‘time at which,’ 1156;

of aim of motion, 1157-1166;

of end of motion with in and sub, 1423;

with verbs of rest, 1424;

with names of towns, islands, peninsulas, 1157-1160;

with names of countries, 1161;

with appellatives, 1159, 1161;

domum, rūs, forās, 1162-1164;

exsequiās, īnfitiās, malam crucem, malam rem, 1165.

Two accusatives combined, 1167-1174;

of obj. and pred., 1167, 1168;

with verbs of teaching, hiding, demanding, questioning, 1169-1171;

with verbs of wishing, reminding, inducing, accusing, 1172;

defining acc. and acc. of person, 1173;

acc. of extent or duration or aim of motion and acc. of object, 1174.

With verbs otherwise taking dat., 1184, 1185;

with compounds of verbs of intrans. use, 1191;

combined with dat. or abl., 1199, 1303;

with propior, proximus, prope, &c., 1201;

with nōmen dō, &c., 1214;

pred., instead of dat., 1221, 1224;

with prep., instead of objective gen., 1261;

with verbs of remembering and forgetting, 1288;

with verbs of reminding, 1291;

with per, to express instrument, 1378;

with abūtor, fungor, fruor, perfruor, potior, 1380;

with opus est, 1383;

with ūsus est, 1384;

with post and ante in expressions of time, 1394-1397;

of extent, with verbs of surpassing, 1398;

with comparatives, 1398;

with preps., see Prepositions.

With infin., 1134, 2172-2203, 2312, 2313, 2321, 2330-2334;

infin. as subst. acc., 2204-2206;

acc. subj. of infin. omitted, 2183;

pred. noun referring to unexpressed subj. of infin. in, 2213;

use of reflexive pron. in construction of acc. with infin., 2338-2340;

obj. of gerundive, 2247;

acc. of gerundive and gerund, use of, 2250-2253, 2243;

obj. of gerund, 2242, 2255, 2259, 2265;

supine in -um as, 235, 1166, 2269;

following supine in -um, 2272.

Accusing,

verbs of, with two accusatives, 1172;

with gen., 1280-1282;

with abl., 1280-1282;

with quod, 1852;

with cūr, 1852;

with acc. and infin., 2185.

Acquitting,

verbs of, with two accusatives, 1172;

with gen., 1280-1282;

with abl., 1280-1282.

Action,

suffixes denoting, 212-237, 249, 285;

words denoting, range of meaning of, 213.

Conceivable, subjv. of, in simple sentence, 1554-1562;

in subordinate sentence, 1731;

in rel. characteristic or result sentences, 1818;

in quam sentences, 1888;

in quamquam sentences, 1901;

in sentences of result with ut, 1947;

in sentences of purpose with ut, 1962;

in sentences with quandō, 2010;

tense of, in subordinate sentence, 1753.

Congruent and coincident, 1733;

coincident, introduced by quod, quia, 1850;

introduced by quī, 1826;

introduced by cum, 1874.

Repeated, subjv. of, 1730;

non-occurrent, tense of, in subordinate sentence, 1753;

defined, 2024;

treated, 2091-2108, see Conditional;

pres., &c., see Present, &c.;

continued, see Continued.

Active voice,

defined, 723, 1469;

pereō, vēneō, fīō, meaning of, 1471;

of coepī and dēsinō, 1483;

perf. partic. with force of, 907, 1485;

deponents having, 1488, 1489;

deponents having pres. system in, 1488;

changed to pass., 1472-1480.

Adjectives,

defined, 8;

iambic shortening of the endings of, 129, 130;

used substantively, with -e, in abl. sing., 558, 561, 631;

pres. partic. used as, with in abl. sing., 560, 633;

formation of, 180-203;

roots and stems, 183-198;

without formative suffix, 195, 198, 199;

with formative suffix, 195-198, 200-203.

Suffixes of, 280-360;

primitive, with act. meaning, 281-290, 293, 294, 296;

primitive, with pass. meaning, 291-297, 282, 283, 305;

denominative, 298-360, 287;

of material or resemblance, 299-301;

of appurtenance, 302-330;

of supply, 331-338;

diminutive, 339, 340;

of the compar., 342-348;

of the superl., 342-345, 349-352;

comparison of, see Comparison.

Compound, formation and meaning of, 379-390, see Composition;

inflection of, 398-643, see Gender, Number, Case, Declension;

of ‘one,’ ‘two,’ ‘three’ endings, 611.

Agreement of, 1082-1098;

used substantively, 1099-1104, 1106, 1093, 1203, 1250;

with acc. appended, 1130;

neut. acc. of, denoting manner, 1142;