Abundance of food, 203, 228, 236, 246, 255.
Adoption, of captives, 29, 192, 246 note 1, 263, 288, 400, 424, 428, 437;
of slaves, 431.
Adult males, not desired for slaves, 438 note 2.
Agricultural tribes, definition of term, 176;
have much use for slave labour, 297 sqq.;
generally have open resources, 386.
Agriculture, among pastoral tribes, 263;
stages of, according to Grosse, 177;
according to Hahn, 177;
our three stages, 177;
a. proper, 177, 297.
Antichresis, 40.
Appropriation of land, 303 sqq., 321, 323, 328, 362–383.
Aristocracy, slaves the tools of, 401, 439.
Ashley, Professor W. J., on medieval England, 348, 350–352, 358, 362–372.
Assessment of wages, 367.
Bagehot, Walter, on the universality of slavery, 171;
on leisure being the great need of early societies, 213;
on equality of freemen in new countries, 298;
on “wholesale” and “retail” slavery, 302;
on the use of slavery, 436.
Bastian, Professor A., on the relativity of all liberty, 5;
on “slaves of the chief”, 30.
Black Death, 366.
Blending of types, furthered by slavery, 437.
Bos, Dr. P. R., on slavery among the Tlinkits and similar tribes, 174, 216.
Brinton, D. G., on the influence of slavery on the blending of types, 437.
Bücher, Professor K., on hunting, 199;
on trade among savages, 210 note 3.
Burial of slaves, 433.
Cairnes, J. E., on slave labour, 198;
on slaves and peasant proprietors 299–301;
on abundance of land as a requisite for the existence of slavery, 303, 304;
on the cultivation of cotton and similar crops, 395.
Capital, among the Eskimos, 254;
among pastoral tribes, 268 sqq.;
among agricultural tribes, 297;
subsistence dependent on c., 255 sqq., 268 sqq., 297, 383 sqq., 418;
c. wanting in a system of natural economy, according to Hildebrand, 352, 354.
Captives, treatment of, 413, 424, 428, 436;
adopted see Adoption;
repelled by their former countrymen, 215, 435.
Carey, H. C., on the relation of parent and child, 26.
Carolingian period, 374.
Cattle-breeding agriculturists, 265, 271, 297.
Chamberlain, A. F., on child-life among savages, 26 note 2.
Characteristics of slavery, 5.
Chiefs, as slave-owners, 30–32, 434, 440;
their wants provided for by [468]their subjects, 193;
appropriation of land by c., 329.
Children, Australian parents fond of their, 24;
treatment of, among savages, 26 sqq.;
adopted, 29;
ch. of slaves, and of free people and slaves, status of, 428, 433.
Civilized nations, XVI;
influence of 45, 412 sqq.
“Clear cases”, 46.
Clearing of land a modus acquirendi, 311, 321, 328.
Coercive power, 259, 286, 407, 425.
Coloni, 36, 382 note 3, 383 note 1.
Colonies, labour in, 298, 306 sqq.
Colonization, in medieval Germany, 376, 380.
Commerce see Trade.
Commercial tribes, meaning of term, 394;
most often keep slaves, 394, 423;
c. countries, 354.
Commons, 363, 364, 369, 376, 378, 381.
Commutation, 353 sqq., 364, 365, 367, 372, 377, 379.
Comparative method, XV, XVII.
Compulsion, personal and impersonal, 421.
Compulsory labour, 5, 8, 9, 40, 348, 419 sqq.
Comte, Aug., on slavery and religion, XX.
Connubium between free people and slaves, 430, 432.
Credit economy, 352.
Criticism of ethnographical literature, XVII sqq., 41 sqq.
Croce, B., On Loria, 306 note 1.
Cunningham, Professor W., on primitive agriculture, 295 note 1;
on Wakefield and his system of colonization, 308 note 1;
on the influence of commerce, 394 note 1;
on slaves brought from a distance fetching a higher price than others, 414 note 1;
on slave labour in ancient Tyre and Greece, 440 note 1;
on medieval England, 349, 351, 363 sqq;
on natural economy and money economy, 362.
Dargun, Dr. L., on the development of economic life, 175;
on employment of women in primitive agriculture, 178;
on individual property among pastoral tribes, 273 note 1;
on tribal property in land, 310;
on land tenure among the Australians, 346 note 7.
Darwin, Ch., on the condition of women among savages, 23;
on derivation of institutions, 45 note 3;
on the Fuegians, 82 note 3.
Death-rate among slaves, 437.
Debtor-slaves, 39, 344, 429, 439.
Dedication of slaves to gods, 431.
Demesne, 350.
Déniker, J., on the moral code of savages, 433 note 2;
on different kinds of slaves, 433 note 4.
Depopulation, in Oceania, 341;
in England in the 14th century, 366.
Derivation of institutions, 45, 214, 216 note 7, 411.
Dimitroff Dr. Z., on slavery among pastoral tribes, 173.
Disafforesting controversy, 363.
Division of labour, the function of slavery, 7;
between the sexes, 22.
Domesday Book, 363.
Domestic labour performed by slaves, 217, 281, 388, 438.
Early history of mankind, XV.
Economic states of society, 174 sqq.
Emancipation of slaves, 430.
Enemies, hated but not despised, 197.
Ethnographers, XVII, 4.
Ethnographical literature, XVII sqq.
Ethnology, XV.
Evictions of the 15th and 16th centuries, in England, 369 sqq.;
in Germany, 382.
Exchange of wives in Australia, 14, 20.
Expansion, a necessity of slave societies, 304.
Experimentum crucis, 227.
External causes, 259, 286, 407 sqq., 417, 425.
Extratribal slavery, 194, 424, 428, 433, 437.
Familia rustica and familia urbana 388, 389, 433. [469]
Family, slaves regarded as belonging to the master’s, 301, 431.
Felix, Professor L., on slavery in the early stages of social life, 174.
Female labour, in Australia, 15;
among hunters, 199;
among Sammler, 202;
on the N. Pacific Coast of N. America, 218 sqq.;
in Central N. America, 242 sqq.;
among the Eskimos, 252;
among pastoral tribes, 281;
among hunting agriculturists, 295;
performed by men, 200;
performed by slaves, 217, 218, 281, 388, 389;
making slave labour superfluous, 258, 389 sqq.
Ferrero, G., on the selective influence of slavery, 437.
Fishing, on the N. Pacific Coast of N. America, 202;
in Australia, 229;
in Central N. America, 237;
among the Eskimos, 247;
not so unfavourable to the growth of slavery as hunting, 201, 255.
Fishing agriculturists, 296.
Fishing tribes, definition of term, 202;
generally have open resources, 386.
Fixed habitations, 205, 229, 237, 247, 255, 259, 286, 407, 425.
Flügel, Dr. O., on the absence of slavery among hunters, 172;
on the character of early slavery, 302 note 2.
Fluidity of labour, 355.
Forests in Germany, 373, 378, 380.
Freizügigkeit, the true mark of freedom, 350.
Geographical groups, XVII, 46.
Government among the Australians, 232 sqq.
Grosse, Dr. E., on the Australians, 84 note 3;
on stages of agriculture, 177;
on the condition of women among “higher hunters”, 222 sqq.
Groups, living in small, unfavourable to the growth of slavery, 194, 255, 259, 425;
size of g., among hunters, 194;
among the tribes of the N. Pacific Coast of N. America, 205;
in Australia, 229;
in Central N. America, 237;
among the Eskimos, 247;
among pastoral tribes, 282;
among agricultural tribes, 407.
Grünberg, Dr., on the universality of slavery, 171.
Grupp, Dr. G., on money economy and serfdom, 362 note 2.
Hahn, Dr. E., on agriculture, 177.
Hildebrand, Professor B., on natural, money and credit economy, 352 sqq.;
criticism of H.’s theory, 354 sqq.
Hildebrand, Dr. R., on employment of women in primitive agriculture, 178 note 1;
on landed property in primitive societies, 310 note 1.
Hinterland, 232.
Horticulture, 177.
Hunter, good, highly respected, 195.
Hunting, psychical character of, 195;
not fit to be performed by slaves, 195 sqq.;
requires the utmost application, 197.
Hunting agriculturists, 177 note 4, 228, 294;
male and female labour among, 295;
are often nomadic, 295;
why most of them do not keep slaves, 295, 406, 407;
they do not employ slaves in warfare, 400.
Hunting tribes, definition of term, 176;
generally have open resources, 386;
hardly ever keep slaves, 192, 203.
Illustration, facts adduced by way of, XVIII.
Improvidence, of Australians, 230;
of Central N. American Indians, 237 sqq.
Inama-Sternegg, Professor K. Th. von, on natural economy and serfdom, 362 note 2;
on medieval Germany, 348, 358, 359, 362, 373 sqq.
Inductive method, XVII.
Industry, 178 note 2;
on the N. Pacific Coast of N. America, 207 sqq.;
in Australia, 231, 232;
in Central N. America, 239, 240;
among the Eskimos, 248–250;
among pastoral tribes, 281;
effects of, 259.
Inferior races, neighbourhood of, 288, 414, 425. [470]
Ingram, Professor J. K., XX;
on the use of the terms “slave” and “slavery”, 4;
definition of slavery, 6;
on lower castes, 33;
on the character of serfdom, 37;
on slavery among hunting, pastoral and agricultural tribes, 172;
on employment of slaves in warfare by the Romans, 401;
on liberti holding high offices, 403 note 2;
on the African slave-trade, 410 sqq.;
on the moral effect of slavery, 436.
Intercourse, between neighbouring tribes, 214, 260, 289;
with superior races, 411, 425.
Internal causes, 417.
Intratribal slavery, 194, 428.
Isolated tribes, 228.
Jägerbauern, see Hunting agriculturists.
Jews in the Middle Ages, 197 note 1.
Jhering, Professor R. von, definition of slavery, 6;
on slavery in early Rome, 302 note 2.
Kohler, Professor J., on the Marshall Islanders, 104;
on the Duallas, 149 note 9;
on slavery and commerce, 395.
Labour, demand for, 384, 419;
among pastoral tribes, 273;
in Oceania, 342 sqq.;
among agricultural tribes, 298 sqq.
Labourers, free, 34, 256;
among pastoral tribes, 268 sqq.;
among cattle-breeding agriculturists, 271;
in Oceania, 333 sqq.;
in medieval England, 364, 366–369, 371;
in medieval Germany, 375, 378, 379 sqq.;
in ancient Rome, 383 note 1;
slaves preferred to f. l., 285;
productive and unproductive l., 404–406;
condition of l. in agricultural and in manufacturing countries, 420;
free l. only found in countries with money economy, according to Hildebrand, 352 sqq.
Lamprecht, Professor K., on slavery among pastoral tribes, 173;
on medieval Germany, 376 sqq.
Land, conquest and confiscation of, 329;
freemen destitute of, 311, 321, 323, 328, 331, 375;
l. and population, XVI, 302 sqq., 383, 418;
l. tenure in Polynesia, 314 sqq.;
in Micronesia, 321 sqq.;
in Melanesia, 324 sqq.;
in Australia, 346 note 7;
in medieval England, 362 sqq.;
in medieval Germany, 373 sqq.
Lange, F. A., on poverty and manufactures, 361;
on the transition from agriculture to sheep breeding in England, 369 note 2;
on open and closed countries, 386;
on the dependence of the working classes, 421;
on the moral effect of slavery, 436 note 4.
Leading ideas, XIX.
Leibeigenen, 34 sqq.
Lending of wives in Australia, 14, 21.
Leroy-Beaulieu, P., on the luxury of early societies, 404.
Letourneau, Ch., XIX;
definition of slavery, 6;
on captives preserved for cannibal purposes, 8;
on slavery in early stages of social life, 174;
on woman’s position in Australia and among savages generally, 9, 10;
on the character of serfdom, 38;
on the Tehuelches, 81;
on the Australians, 84 note 3, 85 note 5;
on the Maori, 97 note 1;
on the Marquesas Islanders, 101;
on the Padam Abors, 126 note 8;
on the Turkomans, 131;
on the Tlinkits and neighbouring tribes, 216 note 7.
Levirate in Australia, 14, 21.
Liberti, position of, 431;
in Rome, 403.
Lippert, Dr. J., definition of slavery, 6;
on wives and slaves, 25 note 1;
on children and slaves, 29 note 1;
on slavery among pastoral tribes, 173.
Literature on slavery, XV, XIX, XX.
Loria, A., on the productiveness of slave and free labour, 299 note 3;
on the appropriation of the soil and its social effects, 304 sqq.
Lower classes, 33;
in Oceania, 333.
“Lowest type of man”, 170.
Luxury, of early societies, 404;
slaves kept as a l., 284, 403 sqq., 425.
[471]
Male labour, in Australia, 21 sqq.;
among hunters, 195, 200;
among Sammler, 202;
among pastoral tribes, 273 sqq.
Malthus, on the lowest races, 170 note 3;
on the economic structure of pastoral societies, 273 note 3, 282 note 4;
on poverty and manufactures, 361;
on the causes of war 386, note 1;
on the luxury of early societies, 404 note 3.
Manufactured goods, 232, 255, 397, 423.
Manufactures and hunting as extremes, 199;
m. and poverty, 361.
Marital rights among the Australians 12 sqq., 19 sqq.
Marriage, among the Australians, 11, 17;
of slaves and free people, 430, 431.
Marx, K., on land and population, 307 note 1;
on commutation and free tenancies, 362 note 2.
Materialistic theory of history, 171.
Matriarchal theory, 26.
Meat, scarcity of, in medieval Germany, 379.
Mental sciences, XV.
Merivale, H., on land and labour, 308.
Merovingian period, 373.
Metaphoric use of the term “slavery”, 4, 10.
Method, of ascertaining the existence or non-existence of slavery, 41 sqq.;
of investigating the causes of slavery, 169 sqq.
Meyer, Dr. E., on the character of ancient slavery, 6;
on primitive slavery, 25;
on slavery in ancient Rome, 383 note 1.
Militarism, effects of, 259, 282 sqq., 398 sqq., 424.
Mill, J. S., on slave labour and free labour, 198.