Mosul, excavations near, 5.

Mugheir, mound, excavated, 9;
see also Ur.

Mummu, associated with Apsu and Tiâmat, 420-1.

Münter, Frederick, decipherment of wedge writing, 15.

Musas, or Masis, = Mashu, 516.

Mythology, see also Nature;
extent and influence of Bab. m., 518 ff.

Nabonnedos, of Babylon, restores temple of Shamash in Sippar, 70, 647;
last king of Babylonia, 45;
restores temple of Sin in Harran, 77, 646;
gives prominence to Shamash cult, 240-1.

Nabu, god, 2d B. period, 127;
most prominent trait, 124;
probable aqueous origin, 124-5, 220;
rank as compared with that of Ea and Marduk, 125, 648;
agricultural deity, 125;
suppression of cult by Hammurabi and his successors, 126;
becomes son of Marduk, 127, 240 (cf. 648-9);
his shrine in E-Sagila, 127, 220-9, 636;
prominence during the Assyrian period, 128-9, 228;
his symbol, 128;
temple at Calah, 128, 228-9;
prominence during the neo-Bab. period, 129, 240;
his epithets, 129-31, 229;
meaning of name, 130;
his functions, 130, 240;
his cult with other Semites, 130;
identified with Nusku, 220;
his consort Tashmitum, 130, 228-9;
his consort Nanâ, 224;
favorite of Ramman-nirari III., 128, 228;
temple E-Zida in Borsippa, 121, 229, 241, 639, 648;
god of wisdom, 129, 229;
son of Ea, 229;
in the subscript to Ashurbanabal's tablets, 229-30;
similarity and difference betw. N. and Ea, 230-1;
in hymn, 306;
shrine E-makh-tila in Borsippa, 307, 636;
god of oracles in Assyria, 344, 348;
= Mercury, name of planet, 371, 459;
in the deluge, 500;
sanctuary E-pad-kalama-suma, 640;
Nabu's ship and procession, 654, 679.

Nabu-akhe-irba, astrologer, 340.

Nabu-bal-iddin, king of Babylon, 162, 685;
restores cult of Sippar, 176, 628, 645, 670;
votive offerings, 670.

Nabupelassar, see Nebopolassar.

Namar, district in Babylonia, sacred to Kamman, Nergal, and Nanâ, 159, 164.

Names, transference of name and interpretation of this act, 118, 140-1;
composition of proper names, 165;
Bab. etymologies of names, 173.

Namtar, god of pestilence, 569;
strikes Ishtar with disease, 570;
messenger of Allatu, 570, 580.

Nanâ, goddess, 51;
titles, 81;
center of worship, 81;
position in the pantheon proper and in the cosmology, 81;
her temples, E-anna in Uruk, 81, 242, 311, 531, 639;
E-ul-mash in Agade, 82; in Ur, 81-2, 85, 202, 311, 639, 678;
statue captured by Elamites and recaptured by Ashurbanabal, 85, 206;
absorbs inferior local deities, 103;
associated with Nergal and Ramman, 159, 164;
worshipped by Assyr. kings, 206;
consort of Nabu, 224;
Zag-muk of Nanâ, 678.

Nannar = Sin, etymology of N., 75;
N. attached to Ur, 75;
Sin to Harran, 76;
his position, 76;
his representation, 76;
his functions, 76, 78;
his epithets, 76, 79, 89;
relationship to Ningal, 97.

Naram-Sin, founds temple of Shamash in Sippar, 70, 646;
his exploits incorporated in omen text, 562;
builder of the temple of En-lil in Nippur, 642.

Nâru, rivergod in incantations, 282;
ship of Nâru, 655;
place of worship, 655.

Nature, worship, 48;
confusion with local cults, 49-50;
nature myth, 432-3, 487, 494.

Nazi-Maruttash, Cassite king, votive objects, 671-2.

Nebo, mount in Moab, place of death of Moses, 130.

Nebopolassar, king of Babylon, 129;
makes Babylon independent, 239;
makes cult of Marduk prominent, 239;
makes cult of Nabu prominent, 240;
Shamash cult at Larsa, 647, note 3.

Nebuchadnezzar I., expels the Cassites, 88, 158;
cult of Marduk and Ramman, 158, 162;
his pantheon, 162.

Nebuchadnezzar II., religion of N. and Daniel, 3;
builder of Birs Nimrud, 9;
rule, 44;
worships Sarpanitum as the begetting deity, 122;
makes cult of Marduk prominent, 240, 646;
revives ancient cults, 242-3;
restores temple of Nin-karrak at Sippar, 294;
his prayers exemplification of ethical tendencies, 299;
opposed to Bel cult in Nippur, 646;
restores Shamash temple in Sippar, 646;
Ishtar cult in Uruk, 648.

Nergal, god, 51;
local cult and temple in Cuthah, 65, 164, 218, 563, 583, 648;
worship in Palestine, 65;
in Uruk, 66;
his names and their meanings, 66;
functions, 66-7, 537;
development of his attributes, 67-8, 582, 593;
identification with Lugal-banda, 95;
with Irkalla, 592;
associated with Allat, 104, 183, 565, 580, 593;
associated with Ramman and Nanâ, 159, 164;
Nergal in Samsu-iluna's pantheon, 162;
in Nebuchadnezzar's I. pantheon, 162;
epithets, 172;
chief of nether-world and subterranean demons, 183 (cf. 260), 511, 563, 582;
associated with Ninib as god of the chase, 216, 218, 237;
with Ninib and Ashur, 216, 218;
god of war, 218, 582;
Cuthah his sacred city, 164, 218, 563, 583;
Kar-Nergal named in his honor, 219;
temple at Tarbisu, 219;
Laz his consort, 219, 243, 583;
identified with Dibbarra, 232, 528-9, 594;
perhaps = Bel-sarbi, 242;
in incantations, 273, 280;
phases of, 280, 459;
= Mars as name of planet, 370, 459;
9th month sacred to N., 463;
sun of midday and summer solstice, 528, 582;
pictured as a lion, 530;
the lion a symbol of Nergal, 537, 580, 582;
identified with Gibil, 594;
associated with Allatu, 104, 183, 565, 580, 583, 593;
Nergal conquers and weds Allatu, 584-5;
imitation of Tiâmat-Marduk fight, 585.

Nether-world, names of: Aralû, 557;
Ekur, 558;
Shuâlu, 558;
Kigallu, 562;
Irkalla, 563;
Kutu or Cuthah, 563;
epithets for n., 559, 563;
Nergal, lord of the n., 563;
the older head of the lower world a goddess, Allatu, not a god, 585.

New Year's Festival, see Zag-muk.

Nibir = planet Marduk or Jupiter, in the zodiac in conjunction with Bel and Ea, 434-5;
exercises control over all the stars, 458.

Nicolas of Damascus, source B.-A. religion, 1, 412.

Niebuhr, Carsten, 15.

Niffer, excavations, 11;
see Nippur.

Nika, mother of Esarhaddon, 340.

Nimrod, incidental biblical reference to, 2;
not = Gilgamesh, 514.

Nimrud (mound), unearthed, 7;
temple, 9, 627.

Ninâ, quarter in Lagash, 57, 86;
explanation of name, 86.

Ninâ, goddess, 51;
explanation of name, 86;
centers of worship, 86-8, 635;
associations with Nin-girsu, 87, 635;
relations to Ea, 87-8;
fusion with Ishtar of Nineveh, 88;
interprets a dream, 101;
a daughter of Nin-si-a, 102;
in Gudea's pantheon, 106, 635.

Nin-a-gal, god, 51;
meaning of name, 64;
function, 64;
identification with Ea, 64.

Nin-akha-kuddu, goddess, 51;
her titles in incantation texts, 103, 282;
in Lugalzaggisi's pantheon, 110;
goddess of purification, 282;
mistress of Uruk, 103, 282;
water deity, 282;
lady of spells, 282.

Nin-azu, "god of the great city," 592;
associated with Allatu, 586, 590;
god of healing, 590;
identified with Ninib, 591.

Nin-dara, see Nin-si-a.

Nin-dim-su, god, in the Cassite pantheon, 162, 172;
epithet of Ea, 173.

Nin-din-dug, name of Bau. (See Corrections.)

Nin-e-gal, variant of Nin-gal, 98.

Nineveh, center of action in book of Judith, 3;
site of, 6;
capital of Assyria, 46, 193, 651;
cult of Ishtar, 152, 202-3;
temple E-mash-mash of Ishtar, 152;
resp. of Belit, 227;
Sha-nit(?)-ka, mistress of, 233;
worship of all gods and goddesses, 638;
intellectual center, 651.

Nin-gal, god, 51;
center of worship, 97;
relationship to Nannar, 97;
sanctuary at Khorsabad, 231;
Nin-gal's ship, 655.

Nin-girsu, solar deity, 51;
subordinate to Bel, 53, 57;
identity with Ninib, 57, 217 (cf. 528);
temple E-Ninnu in Girsu, 57, 87, 634-5, 640;
votive offerings, 57;
agricultural deity = Shulgur, 58;
identity with Tammuz, 58;
relations to Nin-shakh, 93;
in Gudea's pantheon, 106;
in incantations, 273;
zikkurat in Lagash or Girsu, 619, 635, 639;
shrine in Lagash, 640;
his ship, 654;
consort of Bau, 59, 677.

Nin-gish-zida, solar deity, 51;
a form of Nin-girsu, 92;
meaning of name, 92;
identified with Ninib, Nin-girsu, Nin-shakh, 99, 217, 528, 547;
local character, 99, 528;
temple in Girsu, 99, 635;
in Gudea's inscriptions and incantation texts, 99, 106, 280;
consort of Nusku, 280;
brings famine in the land, 387;
5th month sacred to N., 462, 547;
servant of Gibil, 463;
4th month sacred to, 463;
identical with Gish-zida, 547;
associated with Tammuz, 546, 588;
presides over the growth of trees, 588.

Nin-gul, 51;
consort of Lugal-banda, 95;
interpretation of name, 95;
place of worship, 96.

Ninib, see Nin-girsu, solar deity, 57, 217, 459, 462, 576, 684;
consort of Gula, 105 (cf. 576, 591);
of Belitekalli, 173;
in Hammurabi's pantheon, 162;
in Nebuchadnezzar's I. pantheon, 162, 164;
god of war, 164, 214, 218;
= Ud-zal, 166;
associated with Ashur, 214;
epithets, 213-4, 217;
temple in Calah, 214-5 (cf. 684);
favorite of Ashurnasirbal and Shamshi-Ramman, 214;
god of the chase in association with Nergal, 216, 218, 237;
hero of the heavenly and earthly spirits, 214;
in association with Nergal and Ashur, 216;
identical with Nin-girsu, 57, 217;
with Nin-azu, 591;
absorbs Nin-gish-zida and Nin-shakh, 217 (cf. 547);
represents east sun and morning sun, 217;
first-born of Ea, 217;
offspring of Ekur, 217;
first-born of Bel, 217;
god of destructive cloud storm, 217, 500;
other qualities in religious literature, 218, 576;
name of outer wall of Sargon's II. palace, 237;
lays the foundations of cities, 237;
three forms, 238;
temple in Dilbat, 242;
in incantations, 273, 280;
= Saturn, name of planet, 371, 459;
6th and 11th months sacred, 215, 684;
4th month sacred to N., 462;
in the deluge story, 500 (cf. 217), 504;
worshipped at Nippur, 635;
temple of Zamama-Ninib, 640.

Nin-igi-azag, title of Ea, 230.

Nin-igi-nangar-bu, 171;
presides over metal workers, 178.

Nin-Karrak = goddess Gula, 242;
temple at Babylon (see Gula), 242;
in incantations, 273;
temple at Sippar, 294;
in a prayer of Nebuchadnezzar, 294.

Nin-khar-sag = goddess Belit, 164;
in Samsu-iluna's pantheon, 162, 164;
sanctuary at Babylon (see Belit), 242, 639.

Nin-kigal = Allatu, 282.

Nin-kurra, 171;
lord of mountain, patron of stone workers, 178.

Nin-lil, see Belit.

Nin-lil-anna, in Nebuchadnezzar's II. pantheon, 242;
temple in Babylon, 640.

Nin-makh = Ishtar, 242;
temple at Babylon, 242.

Nin-mar, goddess, 51;
center of worship, 100;
her temples in Mar, 100;
daughter of Ninâ, 100;
popularity of cult, 100;
in Gudea's pantheon, 106, 635;
daughter of Marduk, 168;
temple at Lagash, 635.

Ninni, goddess, = Enanna, 51;
titles, 80;
center of worship, 80;
variant of Ishtar, 82;
in Lugal-zaggisi's and Gudea's panthea, 110;
identical with Nanâ of Uruk, 111;
temple at Hallabi, 117;
her cult by Hammurabi, 144-5;
"Ninni," consort of Zamama, 169;
temple in Kish, 639.

Nin-shakh, god, 51;
his character and functions, 93;
identified with Ninib, 93, 217;
relations to Nin-girsu and Nin-gishzida, 92-3;
temple at Uruk, 93.

Ninshar, cosmological deity, 417.

Nin-si-a, god, 51;
or Nin-dar-a, 90;
center of worship, 91, 635;
absorbed by Nin-girsu, 91;
in Gudea's pantheon, 106, 635.

Nin-sun, god, temple of N. at Lagash, 635.

Nin-tu, god, temple of N. at Lagash, 635.

Nin-zadim, god, 171; patron of sculpture, 178.

Nippur, rulers, 37;
temple of Bel, 11, 37, 69, 51, 54, 151, 642, 644;
temple of Belit, 55, 635;
inscriptions from Nippur, 103;
prominence during Cassite period, 40, 146, 480;
wall of Zakar, 172;
wall of Lugal-mittu, 172;
ancient center, 245, 445;
chief god Del, or En-lil, 445, 542;
reference to N. in Gilgamesh epic, 486;
rivalry betw. Nippur and Eridu, 508;
replaced by Babylon, 542;
zikkurat at N., 617;
worship of Ninib, 635;
worship of Nusku, 635;
votive objects, 671-3.