E-Zida, shrine of Nabu in E-Sagila, 127, 220, 229, 636.
Family, systematization of O. B. pantheon according to Davis, 109.
Fast days, special occasions, 688.
Fate tablets, tablets of fate in the hands of Bel, 538 (cf. 150, 153);
in the Tiâmat story, 420, 428, 538;
robbed by Zu, 540;
compared with the tablets of wisdom, 585.
Festivals, zag-muk, 59, 127, 631, 677, 678;
significance of every day, 675;
special significance of special days, 675, 677, 680-1, 683-5;
words for f. in Assyrian, 676, 687;
each month sacred to a deity, 462-3, 676, 683-4;
festivals and months sacred to divinities not always corresponding, 687;
special festivals, 687-8;
the puru ceremony, 688;
fast days and rites, 688.
Fire, see Water (cf. Gibil-Nusku in incantations, 277);
means of purification, 276, 279;
belongs to all three divisions of the universe, 286.
Foreign gods in B.-A. religion (see also Cassites), 142, 644;
Adad = Ramman, 156;
Kadi, 188, 232, 234;
Damku, 232;
Eria, 122, 162 (Elamitic).
Fresnel, Fulgente, expedition, 8.
Gaga, Assyrian pantheon, 188;
minor god, 234;
Anshar's messenger to Tiâmat, 423;
a foreign deity, 238, 644.
Gal-alim, 51;
center of worship, 91;
son of Nin-girsu, 91;
in Gudea's pantheon, 106.
Gamlat, in Ass. pantheon, 188.
Ganymede and Etana, 523.
Ga-tum-dug, goddess, 51;
similar to Bau, 61;
worship at Lagash, 61, 635;
in Gudea's pantheon, 106, 635.
Gate of Widespread Splendor, seat of Sarpanitum in E-Sagila, 121, 241, 636, 641.
Gegunu, epithet of Aralû, 563.
Genealogical systematization of Old Bab. pantheon according to Amiaud, 109.
Genesis, see Cosmology.
Gibil, fire-god, E-la-li, perhaps an epithet, 170;
in Ass. pantheon, 189;
amalgamated with Nusku, 220, 227;
in incantations, 273, 277;
older than Nusku, 277;
epithets, 277, 280;
a mythological conception, 277, 279;
G.-Nusku, god of civilization, 278;
medium betw. worshipper and deity, 279;
associated with Anu, 277;
associated with Bel and Ea, 279;
associated with Nin-gish-zida, 463;
identified with Nergal, 594.
Gil, attendant of Nergal and Allatu, 588;
god of foliage, 588.
Gilgamesh, hero of the Bab. epic, 83, 468 ff.;
in incantations, 282, 284, 470;
mythological explanation of, 282, 486-7;
with omens, 387;
solar deity, 470-1, 515;
king of the earth, 471;
born in Marada, 473;
conquers Uruk, 473, 513;
created by Aruru, 473-4;
Shamash (see Lugal-Marada), his patron, 471, 479;
love affair with Ishtar, 481 ff.;
Lugal-Marada, his patron (see Shamash), 486;
conquers Khumbaba, 480, 514;
G.'s contest with the bull, 486, 514, 537;
contest with lion, 488, 514;
Gilgamesh half divine, half human, 490, 514;
G. and Sabitum, 490-1;
G. and Parnapishtim, 492 ff.;
points of contact with O. T., 495, 515-6;
G. and Eabani, 510, 565;
seeking immortality and the secret of life after death, 513;
parallelism with Samson, 516;
parallelism with Hercules, 516;
Gilgamesh and Alexander the Great, 469, 516;
G. in Aelian, 469, 524;
G.'s grandfather Sokkaros, 524.
Gimil-Sin, deified, 561;
temple at Lagash, 561.
Gim-nun-ta-ud-du-a, son of Bau, 103;
explanation of name, 103;
probable functions, 103.
Gin-shul-pa-uddu, wife of Gudea, 99.
Girra, attendant of Nergal and Allatu, 588;
identified with Dibbarra, 588;
a form of Nergal in later texts, 589.
Girsu, see Lagash.
Gish-galla (?), quarter of Lagash, 57;
temple of Ninni, 80.
Gish-zida, identical with solar deity Nin-gish-zida, 547;
G. and Tammuz, doorkeepers of heaven, 546;
5th month sacred to G., 547;
intercedes for Adapa with Anu, 548-9.
Gnosticism, influenced by B.-A. religion, 698.
Great Place, name of temple, 641.
Grotefend, Georg Friedrich, decipherment of wedge writing, 16.
Gudea statues, 57, 652;
his pantheon, 106 ff., 635;
number of deities indicative of the extent of his sovereignty, 106;
principle of order, 107;
gods common to Gudea's and Lugalzaggisi's pantheon, 110;
deified, 167, 470, 561;
his zikkurat, 615, 619;
builder of temples, 642;
imports diorite from Sinai peninsula, 627, 651;
Gudea's apsu, 653;
Gudea's ship for Ningirsu, 654;
G.'s votive objects and inscription, 57, 668-9, 672.
Gula, identified with Bau, 60;
associated with Ninib, 105 (cf. 576);
goddess of healing, 105, 166, 175, 282 (cf. 576, 683);
in Nebuchadnezzar's I. pantheon, 162, 175;
epithets, 166, 173, 175, 576;
goddess of nether-world, 174-5;
position intermediate betw. gods of the living and gods of the dead, 175 (cf. 576);
creator of mankind, 175;
her sanctuary erected by Ashurnasirbal, 218;
her festival celebrated by Ashurbanabal, 218, 683;
= Nin-Karrak, 242;
temple at Babylon (see Nin-Karrak), 242, 638;
three sanctuaries at Borsippa, 242, 636 (E-ulla), 641;
in incantations, 273, 282;
12th day of Iyar sacred to G., 683.
Gurmu, son of Bau, 103.
Gushgin-banda, 171;
"brilliant chief," patron of metal-workers, 178.
Halévy, J., Sumerian question, 22-4.
Hallabi, city near Sippar, temple of Ninni, 117, 144.
Hamath, city in N. Syria, 578.
Hammurabi, king of Babylon, secures the hegemony in Babylonia, 116, 532;
Marduk, the chief of his pantheon, 117;
builds temples, 642;
builds temple to Ninni at Hallabi, 117;
builds E-Zida, 121;
ignores cult of Nabu, 128;
suppresses cult of Erua, 130;
care of temple of Shamash at Larsa, 143-4;
Shamash cult, 117, 143-4;
at Sippar, 117, 143;
at Larsa, 143;
Ninni cult at Hallabi, 144-5;
"proclaimer of Anu and Bel," 146-7;
beloved shepherd of Belit, 150;
list of names of gods in H.'s pantheon, 161-2;
"The Akkadian," 532;
H.'s character as a Messiah, 533;
= Amraphel, 534.
Harran, city in Mesopotamia, sacred to Sin, 76, 241, 641, 647;
its importance and political decline, 77;
meaning of its name, 78;
associations with Ur, 77;
enjoys the patronage of Sargon II., 77;
temple of Sin, 76, 241, 641;
patronized by Nabonnedos, 77, 242.
Haynes, John H., excavations, 11.
Heart of Shamash, name of a temple, 641.
Hebrews, see Old Testament.
Hercules, parallelism with Gilgamesh, 516.
Herodotus, source for B.-A. religion, 1;
history of Assyria, 3;
history of Persia, 4;
notices on B.-A. religion, 4;
notices on Ishtar cult in Erech, 485.
Hillah, village, site of, 8.
Historical texts, value as source for religion, 51, 166, 246, 661;
pantheon in h. t. compared with that in incantation texts, 297;
source for knowledge of sacrifices, 661.
Hittites, eagle standard among the H., 527;
influence on Assyrian architecture, 627.
Hommel, Fritz, Sumerian question, 21.
Homoroka = Marduk, 5.
House Full of Joy, name of temple, 641.
House of Fifty, see E-ninnu.
House of Great Splendor, name of temple, 641.
House of Hearkening to Prayers, name of temple, 641.
House of Light, name of temple, 641.
House of the Brilliant Precinct, name of temple, 641.
House of the Seven Divisions of Heaven and Earth, name of zikkurat at Borsippa, 639.
House of the Seven Zones, name of zikkurat at Uruk, 639.
House Without Rival, name of temple, 641.
Hymns and prayers, division of religious literature, 247, 293;
where composed, 248;
in connection with incantations, 293, 301;
h. to Shamash, 300 ff.;
to Sin, 303-4;
dialogue style of composition, 305;
to Nebo, 306;
no difference in thought betw. h. and incantation, 301, 307;
illustrating relationship betw. man and gods, 309;
deity as person of dialogue in, 310;
see also Prayers.
Iamblichus, source of B.-A. religion, 399.
Idiklat = Tigris, 28.
Igi-dug-ga, title of Ea, 230.
Igigi, explanation of name, 185;
number of, and explanation, 185;
spirits of heaven, 185, 200;
gods in whose service the I. are, 186;
their character, 186;
associated with Anunnaki, 186, 593;
altar of I. and Anunnaki, 186;
chiefs of Eridu, 186;
Ashur, king of, 200;
Anu, their chief, 186, 207, 593;
associated with the great triad, 236.
Ilabrat, minor god, in the Adapa legend, 546.
Illumination of Bel, name of an omen series, 363.
Im = Ramman, 156.
Immeru = Ramman, 157.
Immortality, see Dead.
Im-pa-ud-du, son of Bau, 103;
explanation of name, 103;
function, 103.
Incantations, see also Magical Texts;
in therapeutics, 246;
means and methods of, 270-3;
gods invoked in, 273;
sacred objects invoked, 274;
gods in incantations par excellence, 275;
the fire-god in, 277;
favorite time of, 280-1;
i. services, 281, 283 ff.;
principle of sympathetic magic, 284;
mixed with ethical conceptions, 292;
in connection with prayers, 293, 301;
the oldest fixed ritual, 294;
no line of demarcation betw. prayers and i., 297, 307;
points in common with and differences from penitential psalms, 312;
the natural expression of popular beliefs, 326;
demons exorcised by i., 330;
connecting link betw. omens and i., 352.
Inmarmaru, city in Dibbarra epic, 533.
Invocations, 165;
in records of the 2nd Bab. period, 167;
combined invocations, 235;
where found, 235, 245;
motive and manner of, 236 ff.;
Tiglathpileser I., 236;
Ramman-nirari I., 237;
Ashurnasirbal, 237;
Shalmaneser II., 237;
Sargon II., 237;
Sennacherib, 238;
Esarhaddon, 238;
Ashurbanabal, 238;
gods in invocation and in actual worship, 238.
Irkalla, a designation of the netherworld, 563, 566;
name of the consort of the queen of Aralû, 563, 591;
identified with Nergal, 592.
Isaiah, prophet, 2.
Ish-gu-tur, temple of Nin-Mar in Mar, 100.
Ishi-milku, a foreign deity, 644.
Ishme-Dagan, king of Assyria, evidence of age of Dagan cult, 208.
Ishtar, goddess Nanâ, 82, 85, 202, 311, 643;
absorbs other deities, 82;
epithets, 83, 151-2, 204, 237;
functions in B.-A., 83, 459;
functions in A., 83-5;
in Gilgamesh epic, 84-5, 482, 501, 563-4;
zodiacal interpr., 82-4, 310-1;
relationship to Sin, 79, 84, 163, 565, 571;
relationship to Anu, 84-5, 566;
significance of these relationships, 85;
variants, 82, 85, 202, 242;
temple at Agade, 117, 242;
temple at Calah, 151;
temple E-mash-mash, 152, 205, 227;
relationship to Sin and Shamash, 163, 571;
goddess of war, 83, 164, 204;
during Cassite and Nebuchadnezzar's I. reign, 164, 645;
variants of Assyrian Ishtar, 202;
mighty over the Anunnaki, 204;
milder nature in religious texts, 205;
mother of mankind, 204-5, 237;
relationship to her devotees, 205;
temple Kidmuru, 202;
temples at Arbela, Nineveh, and Ashur, 205;
I. of Nineveh and I. of Arbela distinguished, 205;
Ab her sacred month, 205, 462, 685;
wife of Bel, 205;
Belit of the land (151, 206), 215, = Belit, 226;
temple in Uruk, 81, 242, 311, 531, 639;
worship in Uruk, 103, 242, 472, 475, 531 (see Nanâ);
wife of Ashur, 227;
associated with the great triad, 236;
Ishtar and Anu, names of west. gates of Sargon's II. palace, 237;
causes the inhabitants to flourish, 237 (cf. 204);
temple at Babylon, 242 (cf. Ninmakh), 640;
in incantations, 273;
in hymns, 310;
temple E-tur-kalama, 311;
in a penitential psalm, 318;
prominence of cult of I. under Ashurnasirbal and before, 325, 342;
in oracles and omens, 343-4;
= Venus as name of planet, 370, 458-9, 571;
importance of Ishtar-Venus in omen literature, 371-2;
I. appears in a dream to the king, 374;
personification of fertility, 459, 462, 482, 563, 587;
causes decline, 483, 563;
10th month sacred to I., Papsukal, and Anu, 463;
the Kizrêti, Ukhâti, and Kharimâti of I. in Uruk, 475, 485, 660;
relationship to Tammuz, 84, 482, 484, 547, 564, 574;
Ishtar's love fatal to her lovers, 482, 516;
I. and Eabani, 484, 486;
in the deluge, 501, 503-4;
parallelism with Delila, 516;
I. in the lower world, 564;
the 6th month "the mission of Ishtar," 564, 684;
festival celebrated in Ab, 685;
correlated to Allatu, 587;
I. cult under Ashurbanabal, 85, 206, 238, 648;
cult under Nebuchadnezzar II., 648;
figurines of, 674.
Ishtaritu, general designation of Ishtar priestess, 660.
Ishum, god, 51;
identity with Pa-sag, 101;
in proper names of, 2nd Bab. period, 169;
messenger of Nusku, 280;
solar deity, 528;
local deity, 528;
attendant of Dibbarra, 529, 594;
describes Dibbarra's deeds, 530 ff.;
his wars, 533 ff.;
associated with Sibi, 533;
"the warrior," 533;
associated with Nergal, 594.