subjv. subordinate to subjv., 1762-1765;

subjv. subordinate to noun of verb, 1766-1769;

subjv. in ind. disc. or by attraction, 1770-1772, 2322-2324, 2326-2329.

Series,

rhythmical, 2532, 2533;

stichic, 2546.

Service,

adjs. of, with dat., 1200.

Serving,

verbs of, with dat., 1181, 1182.

Sharing,

verbs meaning, with gen., 1263.

Shortening,

of vowels, 124-132;

of vowel before another vowel, 124;

in final syllable, 129-132;

in nom. of -ā- stems, 130, 1; 436;

in neut. plur., 130, 2; 461;

in abl. ending e of cons. stems, 502;

in verb endings, 130, 132;

in nom. ending -or, 132;

in mihī̆, tibī̆, sibī̆, ibī̆, ubī̆, alicubī̆, nēcubi, sīcubi, ubinam, ubivīs, ubicumque, ibī̆dem, 129, 2;

in iambic words in verse, 129, 1;

before -n for -sn, 129, 1;

in perf. ending -ērunt, 857;

in perf. subjv., 876;

variations of quantity, 134;

in first syllable of ille, illic, quippe, immō, &c., 2469;

iambic, rule of, 2470-2472;

vowel before another vowel retained long, 127;

long vowel in specific endings in Old Latin, 132.

Showing,

verbs of, with two accusatives, 1167.

Sibilants, 79.

Simple,

words, defined, 181;

formative suffixes, defined, 200;

sentence, defined, 1024, see Sentence.

Singular number,

in nouns, defined, 414;

lacking, see Defective;

with different meaning from plur., 418, 480;

in substs., in agreement, 1077-1081, see Agreement;

in adjs., prons., partic., in agreement, 1082-1098, see Agreement;

in collective sense, 1099;

of a class, 1100;

neut., of adjs. used as substs., 1093, 1101, 1250;

of other adjs. used as substs., 1102, 1103;

in verbs, defined, 722;

in verbs, in agreement, 1062-1076, 1080, see Agreement;

of gerundive, with nostrī, &c., 2260.

Smell,

verbs of, with acc., 1143.

Softening, 2504.

Sonants, 75.

Sotadean, 2712, 2713.

Sound,

one of the divisions of Latin Grammar, treated, 1, 16-179;

change of, in vowels, 55-113;

change of, in diphthongs, 80-88;

change of, in consonants, 114-154;

see Substitution, Development, Disappearance, Assimilation, Dissimilation, Interchange, Lengthening, Shortening, Weakening, Hiatus, Contraction, Elision, Affinities, Pronunciation, Accent, Quantity.

Sounds,

continuous, defined, 51;

momentary, defined, 51;

classified, 54.

Source,

abl. of, 1312-1315, 1426;

expressed by gen., 1232;

expressed by adj., 1427.

Space,

extent of, denoted by acc., 1151-1156, 1398, 1475;

denoted by abl., 1153, 1399.

Sparing,

expressions of, case with, 1181-1185.

Specification,

abl. of, 1385;

acc. of, see Part concerned;

gen. of, see Genitive.

Spirants, 78.

Spondaic verse,

defined, 2556;

use, 2566, 2567.

Spondee, defined, 2521;

irrational, 2524.

Statements,

general, with antequam, priusquam, 1912-1914;

particular, with antequam, priusquam, 1915-1921.

Stems,

defined, 195;

roots used as, 195, 198, 199;

root used as stem in root verbs, 738-743, 828, 844;

pres., used as roots, 190-194, 855;

new, how formed, 196;

root stem, defined, 195;

stem vowel retained before ending, in verbs, 367, 840;

retained in nouns, 400;

noun stems classified, 399;

noun stems, how found, 421;

how indicated, 421;

nouns with two forms of stem or two stems, 401, 413, 470, 475, 531, 545, 566-569, 603, 632;

prons. with, 645, 652, 672;

verbs with, 720, 818-823, 924-1019;

-ā- stems of substs., decl. of, 432-445;

-o- stems of substs., decl. of, 446-466;

cons. stems of substs., decl. of, 467-512, see Declension;

-i- stems of substs., decl. of, 513-569, see Declension;

mixed, 513;

-ū- stems, decl. of, 585-595;

-ē- stems, decl. of, 596-607;

-o- and -ā- stems of adjs., decl. of, 613-620, 432-466;

cons. stems of adjs., decl. of, 621-626, 467-512, see Declension;

-i- stems of adjs., decl. of, 627-636, 529-569, see Declension;

of pres. partic., 632;

of personal prons., 645;

of hīc, 662;

of is, 672;

of ipse, 679;

of quī, quis, 681, 687-689;

of the verb, number of, 718;

defective verbs, 805-817;

formation of, 824-919, 365-375, see Formation;

verbs arranged according to prin. parts, 920-1022, see Verbs.

Stichic series, 2546.

Stipulation,

verbs of, with purpose clause, 1950.

Striving,

verbs of, with purpose clause, 1950;

with complementary infin., 1953.

Strophe,

defined, 2545;

Alcaic and Sapphic, 2545.

Stuff,

abl. of, 1312-1315;

gen. of, 1255.

Subject,

of sentence, defined, 1023;

subst. or equivalent word or words, 1026;

in nom., 1027;

when expressed and when omitted, 1028-1034;

enlarged, 1038-1047;

subordinate sentence as, 1715;

quod sentence as, 1845;

cum sentence as, 1871;

complementary clause as, 1948;

infin. as, 2167, 2207-2215;

perf. partic. as, 2289;

nom., of infin., 1535;

acc., of infin., 2173;

of infin., omitted, 1537, 2183;

gen. of, 1232-1238.

Subjunctive mood,

tenses of, 716;

how translated, 717.

Formation of tenses of, pres., 841-843;

impf., 849, 850;

perf., 876-878;

plup., 881;

short or old forms, 885-893.

Uses of, forms of possum and dēbeō in, 1498;

of desire, 1540-1553;

in wishes, 1540-1546;

in exhortation, direction, statement of propriety, obligation, necessity, prohibition, 1547-1552;

expressing willingness, assumption, concession, 1553;

of action conceivable, in simple sentences, 1554-1562;

accompanied by fōrtasse, &c., 1554;

velim, nōlim, mālim, 1555;

vellem, nōllem, māllem, 1560;

in questions, in simple sentences, 1563-1569;

tenses of, in simple sentences, 1634, 1635;

tenses of, in subordinate sentences, 1740-1772;

sequence of tenses, 1740-1745;

subordinate to indic., 1746-1761;

subordinate to subjv., 1762-1765;

subordinate to noun of verb, 1766-1769;

tenses of, in ind. disc. and by attraction, 1770-1772, 2322-2324;

tenses of, in conditional protases in ind. disc., 2326-2329;

in coordination, 1705-1713, see Coordination;

in ind. disc., 1722-1727, 2312-2324, 2326-2329;

of attraction or assimilation, 1728;

of repeated action, 1730;

of wish, action conceivable, interrogation, in subordinate sentence, 1731;

of indirect question, 1773-1786, see Questions;

indic. questions apparently indirect, 1787-1791;

sī, sī forte with, 1777;

rel. sentence equivalent to conditional prot., 1812;

with indef. rel. prons. and advs., 1814;

rel. sentences of purpose in, 1816, 1817;

rel. sentences of characteristic or result in, 1816, 1818-1823;

with dignus, indignus, idōneus, 1819;

coordinated with subst., adj., or partic., 1820;

with antec. omitted, indef. antec., or nēmō est quī, nihil est quod, &c., 1821, 1822;

rel. sentences of cause, reason, proof, concession in, 1824-1830;

quippe quī, ut quī, ut pote quī with, 1827;

parenthetical, quod sciam, quī quidem, 1829;

with quod, quia, 1838-1858;

with cum, 1859, 1870, 1872, 1873, 1877-1881;

with quoniam, 1882-1884;

with quotiēns, quotiēnscumque, 1887;

with quam, 1896, 1897;

with quamquam, 1900, 1901;

with quamvīs, 1904, 1905;

with quamlibet, 1907;

with tamquam, 1909;

with antequam, priusquam, 1911-1921;

with prīdiē quam, 1922;

with ubī̆, ut quisque, 1932;

with utī, ut, nē, 1947-1970;

with ubī̆, 1971;

with quō, quī, 1972, 1974-1976;

with quōminus, 1977, 1978;

with quō sētius, 1979;

with quīn, 1980-1990;

with dum, dōnec, quoad, quamdiū, 1991-2009;

with modo, 2003;

with quandō, 2010;

in conditional periods, 2023-2115;

with etsī, tametsī, tamenetsī, etiamsī, sī, 2116;

with quasī, quam sī, tamquam sī, &c., 2117-2122;

use of reflexive in subordinate clauses containing, 2341, 2342.

Subordinate constructions,

history of, 1693-1695, 1705, 1706, 1740, 1957.

Subordinate relations,

expressed coordinately, 1693-1713, see Coordination.

Subordinate sentences, 1055, 1058-1061;

question in, 1533;

treated, 1714-2122;

how expressed, 1714;

value of, 1715;

names of, 1716;

tenses of indic. in, 1732-1739;

tenses of subjv. in, 1740-1772;

mood of, 1720-1731, 1773-2122;

following supine in -um, 2272;

introduced by supine in -ū, 2275;

mood of, in ind. disc., 2315-2320;

use of reflexive pron. in, 2341-2343;

is used for reflexive in, 2370.

Subordination,

of rel. sentence, 1834.

Substantives,

defined, 4-7;

abstract, 7;

concrete, 5;

material, 6;

endings of, law of iambic shortening applied to, 129-132;

formation of, 180-203;

roots and stems, 183-198;

without formative suffix, 195, 198, 199;

with formative suffix, 195-198, 200-203;

suffixes of, 204-279, see Suffix;

compound, formation and meaning of, 379-390;

inflection of, 398-607, see Gender, Number, Case, Declension;

adjs. used as, with -e, -ī in abl. sing., 558, 561, 631;

advs. from, 696-700, 703, 708, 710.

Modifiers of, 1038-1047;

obj. of, defined, 1046;

pred., see Predicate;

agreement of, 1077-1081, see Agreement.

Uses of, 1099-1468;

used adjectively, 1042;

adjs. used as, 1099-1104, 1106, 1093, 1250;

with acc. appended, 1129, 1136;

with dat. appended, 1183, 1208, 1225;

with gen., 1227-1262;

with abl. appended, 1301, 1307, 1309, 1314, 1342, 1375-1377;

with loc. appended, 1301, 1331;

omitted in abl. abs. 1371;

used alone as abl. abs., 1372;

used as preps., 1406;

combination of, by a prep., 1426-1428;

prepositional expressions equivalent to, 1428;

repetition of prep. with several, 1429;

omission of prep. with several, 1430;

two preps. with one subst., 1431, 1432;

qualified by adv., 1439-1441;

advs. used as, 1442;

subordinate sentences with value of, 1715;

expressed in both members of rel. sentence, 1795, 1796;

put before the rel., 1797;

omitted before rel., 1798;

rel. sentence coordinated with, 1820;

quod clause with value of, 1845;

complementary clause with value of, 1948;

infin. as subst. acc., 2204-2206;

with acc. of gerundive construction or gerund, 2252;

with dat. of gerundive construction 2254;

with gen. of gerundive construction or gerund, 2258;

the subst. partic., 2287-2292.

Substitution,

of consonants, 147-164, passim;

of l for d or r, 147, 148;

of r for s, 154;

of h for guttural aspirate, 152;

of b for p, 164, 2;

of g for c, 164, 6;

of d for t, 149, 2.

Suffix,

formative, defined, 195;

nouns with, 195-198, 200-203;

nouns without, 195, 198, 199;

simple and compound, defined, 200;

preceded by vowel, 202.

Substantive suffixes, 204-279;

primitive, 204-245;

denominative, 246-279, 226, 227, 232;

denoting agent, 204-211;

denoting action, 212-237, 249;

forming collectives, 228, 249;

denoting concrete effect, 213, 217, 224, 241;

denoting instrument or means, 238-245, 213, 224;

denoting result, 213, 222, 231, 234-236, 239, 249, 296;

denoting quality, 246-264;

denoting person concerned, 265, 309;

denoting place, 266, 228, 241, 242, 245, 249, 308, 309, 314, 334;

forming diminutives, 267-278;

denoting patronymics, 279.

Adjective suffixes, 280-360;

primitive, 280-297, 305;

denominative, 298-360, 287;

denoting active quality, 281-290, 293, 294, 296;

denoting passive quality, 291-297,

282, 283;