Sarpanitum, consort of Marduk, 121, 224, 228, 636;
interpretation of name, 121, 449;
shrine in E-Sagila, 121, 241, 636, 641;
her statue recovered by Agum, 122, 152, 670, 687;
her subordinate position, 121-2;
goddess of matrimonial fertility, 122, 684;
of secret knowledge, 122;
amalgamation with Erua, 122;
epithets of Sarpanitum-Erua, 123;
called Belit, 224, 684;
shrine in E-Zida, 241;
rarely in incantations, 276;
25th day of Siwan her festival, 684;
festival instituted by Agum, 687.
Saturn = Ninib, planet, 371, 459.
Saul, king of Israel, and the witch, 559.
Semites and non-Semites in Babylonia, 21-2, 32-4.
Sendschirli, excavations in, 579.
Senkereh = Larsa.
Sennacherib, king of Assyria, 200;
takes statues of Ramman and Shala back from Babylon, 212;
erects temple to Nergal at Tarbisu, 219;
his pantheon, 238, 644, note 2.
Seven spirits, cause eclipse of moon, 264, 276;
12th month sacred to them, 463;
Sibi, collective personification of the s. p. associated in war with Ishum, 533.
Sex, inferiority of female to male in the B.-A. pantheon, 75, 79, 104;
confusion of female cults, 80;
variety of "ladies" in pantheon, 98, 104;
position of female deities as consorts of male deities, 104, 586, 594;
male deities becoming female and consorts of male deities, 177, 280;
association of sexes in cosmology, 411;
association of sexes in the creation of the gods, 413;
female deities and the months, 463;
sex in witchcraft, 267, 342, 660;
sex in priesthood, 485, 659-60;
sex in furnishing oracles, 485, 660;
sex among musicians and dirge singers, 660 (see Dirge);
position of woman, 694.
Shabat, 11th month, sacred to Ramman, 463;
sacred to Ninib, 215, 684.
Shabra, god, temple at Lagash, 635.
Shàilu, a designation for priest, 560;
|| Hebr. Shôel, 560.
Shala, consort of Ramman, 161, 212;
in proper names of 2d Bab. period, 169;
in Ass. pantheon, 189;
meaning of name, 213;
other applications of the name, 213;
epithets, 213.
Shalman, god, in Ass. pantheon, 188.
Shalmaneser II., king of Assyria, gives prominence to Shamash cult, 205, 215;
his pantheon, 237.
Shamash, or Utu, 51, 277;
signification of name, 68;
relations to the moon-god, 68-70, 98, 305;
centers of worship, Sippar and Larsa, 69, 117, 143, 176, 241, 628, 640, 646;
relative age of the centers, 70;
temple Ebabbara, 70, 628, 640, 645;
attributes and functions, 71, 120, 210;
in incantations, 71, 211;
probable age of these conceptions, 72;
his other names and their meaning, 72-4, 176;
local uses thereof, 73;
Malkatu his consort, 74-5, 176, 241-685;
offspring of Nin-gal, 98;
in Lugalzaggisi's and Gudea's pantheon, 110;
in Hammurabi's pantheon, 162;
warrior of heaven and earth, 144, 211;
mighty hero, 152;
position in Bab. pantheon during and after Hammurabi, 144;
position in Ass. pantheon, 144, 209-11;
associated with Ramman, 145, 157-8, 160, 211;
associated with Sin and Ramman, 158, 163;
associated with Ishtar, 163, 511;
associated with Malik and Bunene, 176;
often called Malik, 176;
symbol of Shamash, 176-7;
temple at Ashur, 209;
protecting deity, 209;
ethical level in Ass. pantheon, 209-10;
judge of heaven and earth, 210, 274, 279, 297, 527 (cf. 640);
prominence of sun cult during reign of Ashurnasirbal and Shalmaneser II., 210, 646;
under Esarhaddon, 646;
sanctuary by Sargon II., 211;
cult influenced by that of Egyptian Ra, 210 (cf. 699);
name of one of the eastern gates of Sargon's II. palace, 237;
grants victory, 237;
Nebuchadnezzar II. and Shamash cult, 646;
Nabonnedos gives prominence to Sh. cult, 240-1, 647;
temple in Babylon, 242, 640;
Sh. in incantations, 280;
in hymns, 300 ff.;
in omens and oracles, 334, 344;
Shamash and Sin, 305, 647;
7th month sacred to Sh., 463, 685;
patron of Gilgamesh, 471, 479;
identical with Lugal-Marada, 486;
patron of Etana, 520;
controls Zu, 538;
on seal cylinders, 540;
Si-gar, a festival of, 684;
festival days, 685.
Shamshi-Ramman, king of Assyria, gives prominence to Ninib cult, 214.
Shamuktu, a class of priestesses of Ishtar, 660.
Sha-nit(?)-ka, goddess, in Ass. pantheon, 188;
associated with Damku and Sharru-ilu, 232;
mistress of Nineveh, 233;
= Ishtar, 233.
Sharru, title of Marduk, in the deluge story, 500.
Sharru-ilu, god, associated with Damku and Sha-nit(?)-ka, 232;
meaning of name, 232;
evidently a title, 232;
perhaps a foreign god, 232;
worshipped at Magganubba, 232.
Shar-sarbi = Belsarbi, 242.
Sherua, minor god in Ass. pantheon, 234;
foreign deity, 644.
Sheôl, 560;
O. T. conceptions of Sheôl || to Babylonian conceptions, 606 ff.;
see also Shuâlu, Dead..
Shinar = Babylonia, 613.
Ship, construction of, 498-9;
Puzur-shadu-rabu, captain of ark, 500;
a sacred object, 653-4;
its uses and significance, 654;
compared with the Mahmal and the ark, 655.
"Ship of Light," name of Sin's ship, 655.
"Ship of Malku," name of the ship of Nâru, 655.
"Ship of the Brilliant Offspring," name of Bau's ship, 655.
Shir, god, in Nebuchadnezzar's I. pantheon, 162;
local god, 163;
patron of Bit-Khabban, 176.
Shirpurla, see Lagash.
Shuâlu, designation of the district of the dead, 560 ff.;
meaning, 559;
|| to Hebr. Sheôl, 560.
Shubu, in Nebuchadnezzar's I. pantheon, 162;
local character, 163;
patron god of Bit-Khabban, 176.
Shu-bu-la, god, in proper names of the 2d Bab. period, 169;
patron of Shumdula, 169.
Shu-gid-la, see Shu-bu-la, 169.
Shukamuna, Cassite god, identical with Nergal, 152, 163, 172;
head of Agum's pantheon, 152, 172;
consort of Shumalia, 173.
Shul-gur = Nin-girsu, 51.
Shul-pa-uddu, god, 51;
meaning of name, 99;
age and extension of cult, 99;
decline of cult in favor of Shamash and Ninib, 100;
position in Babylonian astronomy, 100;
solar deity, 99, 531.
Shumalia, in the Cassite pantheon, 162-3, 172;
in Nebuchadnezzar's I. pantheon, 162;
consort of Shukamuna, 173;
epithet, 173.
Shumdula, city in Babylonia, cult of Shubula, 169.
Shum-gar, see Si-gar.
Shurippak, city on Euphrates, destroyed by rainstorm, 495;
comparison with Sodom, 496, 507.
Shurpu series, 290.
Shu-sil-la, see Shubula, 169.
Sibi, collective personification of the seven evil spirits associated with Ishum, 533.
Sibittum, minor deity in the Etana legend, 521.
Siduri, Sabitum, the goddess of Siduri, 491.
Si-gar, festival of Gula, 683;
festival of Sin, 684;
festival of Shamash, 684;
meaning, 684;
date of installation of Ashurbanabal, 684.
Silili, mother of one of Ishtar's associates, 482.
Sin, god, see also Nannar; worshipped in Harran, 76, 241, 641, 647;
temple at Ur, 76, 241, 295, 640, 644, 687;
occurrence of the name elsewhere, 77;
amalgamation with Nannar, 78;
chief trait, 78;
lunar cycle and sun calendar, 78;
epithets and functions, 76, 78-9, 219, 462;
gradual decrease of Sin cult, 78-9;
in Lugalzaggisi's and Gudea's pantheon, 110;
associated with Shamash and Ramman, 158, 163;
in Hammurabi's pantheon, 162;
patron of Bit-Khabban, 163;
head of 2d triad, 163;
associated with Ishtar, 163, 571;
father of Ishtar, 565;
temple at Calah, 219;
sanctuary at Khorsabad, 219;
sanctuary at Magganubba, 219;
god of wisdom, 78, 219;
god of water in Ass. pantheon, 219;
first-born son of Bel, 76, 219;
subordinate position in Ass. pantheon, 219-20;
Sin and astronomy, resp. astrology, 219-20;
temple at Babylon, 242;
in incantations, 280;
in hymn, 303-4;
Sin and Shamash, 305, 647;
first-born of Bel, 219, 462;
Siwan, 3d month, sacred to Sin 462;
chapel in E-Zida, 639;
Sin cult under Nabonnedos, 77, 648;
Sin's ship, 655;
zagmuk of, 678;
Si-gar, festival of, 684.
Sinai, a peninsula (metals and stone), 627, 652.
Sin-gamil, of Uruk, builds sanctuaries to Nergal at Cuthah, 66.
Sin-gashid, of Uruk, servitor of Lugal-banda and Nin-gul, 95-6.
Sin-iddina, of Larsa, builds sanctuary to Shamash in Larsa, 69;
builds temple of Sin in Ur, 76.
Sippar, temple and archives, 10;
ancient center, 35, 245;
center of worship of Shamash, 69, 117, 143-4, 241, 628, 640, 646;
temple of Nun-gal, 168;
worship of Shamash, Malik, and Bunene, 176;
temple of Nin-karrak, 294;
temple of Malkalu or Â, 640;
zikkurat, "Threshold of Long Life," 641.
Sir, serpent god, in proper names of the 2d Bab. period, 170.
Sirius, observations of, 372.
Siwan, 3d month, sacred to Sin, 462, 687;
sacred to the god of brick structures, 463;
25th day of Siwan sacred to Belit of Babylon, 684.
Slaves, standing of slaves a measure of social ethics, 695.
Smith, George, explorations, 9.
Sodom, destruction of, point of contact with Gilgamesh epic, 495-6, 507.
Sokkaros, grandfather of Gilgamesh (Aelian), 524.
Solomonic temple and the sacred quarter in Nippur, 623-4;
horns of altar compared with Bab. custom, 652;
"sea" compared with Apsu, 653;
ark compared with the Bab. ship, 655.
Sorcer, Sorceress, see also Witchcraft;
relationship betw. s. and oracle-giver, 342.
Spirits, in proper names, 166, 180;
Nun-gal-e-ne, a class of, 168 (cf. 184);
their symbols, 174, 182;
functions, 174;
lists of, 180;
classification of, 181 ff.;
of disease, 181, 186, 246;
of the field, 182;
of the nether-world, 183;
dividing line betw. gods and spirits, 181, 183, 231, 266, 274;
of evil, 260, 264;
activity of, 260-1;
representations of, 263;
habitations of, 260, 263;
the seven spirits, 264;
strength attribute of, 266;
relationship betw. demons and witchcraft, 267;
differentiation of demons, 262.
Spiritualization of mythology, 304, 306;
characteristic of later times, 297;
in penitential psalms, 313, 319.
Splendor of Heaven and Earth, name of temple, 641.
Stars, writing of heaven, 454;
division of, 455.
Storm, symbols of storm (birds and bulls), 537 ff.
Subartu, name of country, 532.
Sugi, name of country, 675.
Sukhaul-ziku, name of mythical fountain, 572.
Sumer and Akkad, ethnological-geographical, 32-3;
S.-A. language in incantations, 259.
Sumerian question, 21-4, 32-4.
Sun, see Shamash;
gates of s., 435, 443;
representation of sun in creation story, 461;
sun and moon in astronomy and religion, 461.
Susian wedge writing, 19.
Syllabaries, 135.
Syncellus, source for B.-A. religion, 1, 5.
Systematized religion, see Theology.
Taboo, meaning of, 397.
Talisman, see Amulet, Teraphim.
Tammuz, agricultural deity, 58, 588;
relations to Ishtar, 84, 482, 484, 547, 564, 574;
T. and Gish-zida doorkeepers of heaven, 546;
solar deity, 547;
4th month named for T., 547, 682;
intercedes for Adapa with Anu, 548-9;
brother of Belili, 575;
T.'s day = All-Souls' Day, 599, 605, 682;
identified with Nin-girsu, 58;
associated with Nin-gish-zida, 546, 588.
Tammuz, 4th month, sacred to Ninib, 462;
named for god Tammuz, 547, 682;
sacred to the servant of Gibil, 463.
Tarbisu, city north of Nineveh; temple of Nergal, 219.
Tar-gul-le, names of some demons let loose by Dibbarra in the deluge story, 500.
Tashmitum, goddess in pantheon of Hammurabi, 130;
a new creation, 131-2;
consort of Nabu, 130-1, 228-9;
meaning of name, 131;
her quasi-artificial character, 131-2;
called Nanâ, 132;
shrine in E-Sagila, 220, 241;
in the subscript to Ashurbanabal's tablets, 229-30;
shrine in E-Zida, 241.
Tashritu, see Tishri.
Taylor, J. E., excavations, 8.
Tebet, 10th month, sacred to Papsukal, Ishtar, and Anu, 463;
festival of En-meshara, 588.
Tel-Id, mound near Warka, site of ancient capital of Mar, 100.
Tell-el-amarna, see El-amarna.
Tell-Ibrahim = Cuthah.
Telloh, excavations, 11;
temple records and legal documents, 165.
Tell-Sifr, temple records and legal documents, 165.
Temple records, see also Literature;
source of study of the deities, 167.
Temples, 612 ff.;
names of t., 638 ff.;
history of t., 642 ff.;
as financial establishments, 650;
minor part played by the temples in Assyria, 659.
Terah, Terahites, appearance in Palestine, 2;
migrations, 2;
home of, 9.
Teraphim, talismans parallel to Ass.-Bab. statuettes of gods, 674.
Teumman, king of Elam, 296.
Thamud, Arabic tribe destroyed, 496.
The Brilliant House, name of temple, 641.
"The Lesser Light," name of Ningal's ship, 655.
Theology and popular belief, 89, 114, 131, 180, 235, 249, 411, 414, 416, 458, 494, 527, 584, 614, 619, 629-30, 689;
Gudea's system, 108;
interaction betw. political fortunes and positions of divinities, 108, 110-11, 134-5, 201, 234, 235;
genealogical arrangement according to Amiaud, 108;
family theory according to Davis, 109;
its value, 109;
tendency towards recognition of certain great gods, 111, 147, 171, 190, 234-5, 696;
organization of cult and ritual, establishment of dogmas, 115, 133, 247, 690;
pedagogical activity, 135;
formation of the great triad, 147;
re-systematization of gods by Hammurabi, 171, 276;
systematization of spirits, 184;
attempts to systematize series of gods, 213, 216, 233;
theology in cosmology, 412 ff., 418, 443;
in the 12th tablet of the Gilgamesh epic, 512-3;
in the Etana legend, 527;
theology in the Zu epic, 542.