The Project Gutenberg eBook of A Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, by John R. Clark Hall

æt I. prep. (w. d. and, more rarely, a.) (local) ‘at,’ near, by, in, on, upon, with, before, next to, as far as, up to, into, toward: (temporal) at, at the time of, near, in, on, to, until: (causal) at, to, through: (source) from: (instrumental) by. æt fēawum wordum in few words, BH: in respect to, as to.

II. adv. at, to, near. æt nehstan, æt siðestan finally. æt- in composition = at, to, from.

ǣt I. mfn. eatables, food, meat, flesh, Gu; Æ, AO. ǣt and wǣt food and drink, Æ: the act of feeding, eating, PPs; MkL (ē). [‘eat’ sb.]

II. pret. 3 sg. of etan.

ǣt- = āte-

-ǣta v. self-ǣta.

ætǣwian = ætīewan

āetan⁵ to eat, devour, AS 17¹⁶; 37⁵.

ætbēon anv. to be present.

ætberan⁴ to carry to, bring, produce, show, Da: carry off, B. [‘atbear’]

ætberstan³ to break out, or away, escape from, Æ. [‘atburst’]

ætbrēdan = ætbregdan

ætbrēdendlic ablative, ÆGr 23⁷.

æt-bregdan, -brēdan³ to take away, carry off, deprive of, snatch away, draw off, withdraw, Mt; Æ: release, rescue, enlarge: prevent, ÆL 31¹²⁶. [‘atbraid’]

ætclifian to adhere, BJPs 101⁶.

ætclīðan to adhere, OET 181.

ætdēman to refuse, give judgment against, EC 202.

ætdōn anv. to take away, deprive.

ǣte = āte

ætēaca (eth-) m. ‘appendix,’ OEG 53¹⁸.

ætēacnes = ætȳcnes

ætealdod too old, Æ (2¹⁵⁹).

ætēaw- = ætīew-, ætȳw-

ætēcan = ætȳcan

ætegār = ætgār

æteglan to harm, PPs 88¹⁹.

ætēode pret. 3 sg. of *ætgān he came.

ǣteorian = āteorian

ætēow- = ætīew-, ætȳw-

ætercyn = atorcyn

ǣtere (ē¹) m. ‘eater,’ glutton, Prov; NG.

ǣtern I. (NG) viper.

II. = ǣtren

ætēw- = ætīew-, ætȳw-

ætfæstan (= oð-) to inflict on, afflict with: fasten to, drive into, impart to, CP 115¹⁹: commit, entrust: marry to.

ætfæstnian to fasten? entrust? AS 21¹⁹.

ætfaran⁶ to escape, Shr 14²³.

ætfeallan⁷ to fall, fall out: fall away, fail, be reduced, LL; Æ: happen. [‘atfall’]

ætfele m. adhesion, PPs 72²³.

ætfeng m. attaching, distraint v. LL 2·279.

ætfeohtan² † to grope about.

ætfēolan³ to stick to: adhere, apply oneself to, continue in, CP.

ætfeorrian to take from, Sc 160⁷.

ætferian to carry away, bear off.

ætfīlan = ætfēolan

ætflēon² to flee away, escape by flight, Æ. [‘atflee’]

ætflōwan⁷ to flow together, accumulate, SPs 61¹⁰.

ætfōn⁷ to seize upon, lay claim to, LL. [‘atfong’]

ætforan I. prep. w. d. before, in the presence of, in front of, close by, Jn; Æ. [‘atfore’].

II. adv. beforehand (time).

ætfyligan, -fylgan to adhere, cling to.

æt-gædere (AO), -gæddre (CP), -gædre, -gæderum adv. together, united, at the same time. [gadrian]

æt-gǣre n., -gār m. spear, dart, javelin, Gl.

ætgangan⁷ to go to, approach, Az 183. [‘atgo’]

ætgeddre, -gedre = ætgædere

ætgenumen removed, taken away, WW 529³⁹.

ǣtgiefa † (eo, i) m. food-giver, feeder.

ætgifan⁵ to render, give, B 2878.

ætglīdan¹ to slip away, disappear, OEG 7¹³².

ætgrǣpe seizing. æ. weorðan seize, B 1268.

æthabban to retain, Æ.

æthealdan⁷ to keep back, Sc 109¹⁸.

æthebban⁶ to take away, take out, hold back, Æ: exalt oneself, CP 113¹³.

æthindan prep. w. d. behind, after, Chr; Æ. [‘athinden’]

æthlēapan⁷ to run away, flee, escape, W 162⁵.

æthlȳp m. assault. [cp. ǣhlȳp]

æthrīnan¹ to touch, move, Mt; Æ. [‘atrine’]

æthrine m. touch.

æthwā each, every one.

æthwāre somewhat, HGl 421³⁷.

æt-hwega, -hwæga, -hweg(u) adv. somewhat, tolerably, a little: how.

æthweorfan³ to return, go back, B 2299.

æthwōn adv. almost, nearly.

æthȳd ‘eviscerata,’ (skinned? BT), WW 392´.

ætiernan³ to run away, Æ. [‘atrin’]

ætīewan (oð-; ē, ēa, ēo, ī, ȳ) pret. sg. -īe(w)de, (tr.) to show, reveal, display, disclose, manifest, Mt (ȳ), CP: (intr.) show oneself, become visible, appear, Mt (ȳ). [‘atew’]

ǣting f. eating, Sc 170⁴⁵ (ē): pasture? Mdf.

ǣtinge (y²) speechless, OEG 46⁴⁵.

ætis pres. 3 sg. of ætwesan, ætbēon.

ætīw- = ætīew-, ætȳw-

ætlǣdan (= oð-) to drive away, Æ. [‘atlead’]

ǣtlic adj. eatable, WW, LkL (ē).

ætlicgan⁵ to lie idle, ÆGr 2²². [‘atlie’]

ætlimpan³ to fall away from, escape, be lost, Æ.

ætlūtian to lurk, hide, Æ. [‘atlutien’]

ætnēhstan (ȳ) adv. at last.

ætnes f. edibility, WW 226¹¹.

ætniman⁴ to take away, deprive of, Ex 414.

ætol = etol

ǣton pret. pl. of etan.

ǣtor = ātor

ǣtorcynn = ātorcynn

ǣtran = ǣtrian

ætreccan w. d. and a. to declare forfeit, deprive of, Lcd.

ǣtren poisoned, poisonous, MtL (-ern). [‘attern’]

ǣtrenmōd of venomous spirit, malignant (or? two words), GnE 163.

ǣtrennes f. poisonous nature, Lcd 55a.

±ǣtrian to poison, AO: become poisonous. [‘atter’]

ætrig poisonous, Lcd; Æ. [‘attery’]

ætrihte (y) I. adj. right at, near, present, at hand.

II. adv. almost, nearly.

ætsacan⁶ to deny, Lk; Æ: renounce, Mk. [‘atsake’]

ætsamne (æ, e, o) adv. united, together, at once, AO.

ætscēotan² to escape, disappear, MF (Vesp. D xiv).

ætscūfan² to shove away.

ætsittan⁵ to sit by, remain, stay, Chr. [‘atsit’]

ætslāpan⁷ to sleep beside, Lcd 83a.

ætslīdan¹ to slip, glide, fall, Æ.

ætsomne (Æ) = ætsamne

ætspornan³ (u) to strike against, stumble, go wrong, CP: rebel (æt).

ætspornung f. offence, stumbling-block, misfortune, CM 230.

ætspringan³ to rush forth, spurt out, B 1121. [‘atspring’]

ætspringnes, -sprung(en)nes f. defection.

ætspurnan = ætspornan

ætspyrning = ætspornung

ætst = itst pres. 2 sg. of etan.

ætst- = oðst-

ætstæl m. aid, assistance (GK); = ætsteall (BT), Gu 150.

ætstæppan⁶ to step up to, B 745.

ætstandan⁶ to stand still, stand at, near, in or by, Æ: remain, stand up: check, resist, Æ: cease, Lk; Æ. [‘atstand’]

ætstandend m. bystander, attendant, Æ.

ætstandende standing by, GD 284²¹.

ætsteall m. assistance, meeting with hostile intent (GK): station, camp station (BT), Wald 1²¹.

ætstent v. ætstandan.

ætstente v. ætstyntan.

ætstillan to still, Lcd 25b.

ætstrengan to withhold wrongfully, LL 206´.

ætstyntan to blunt, dull, weaken.

ætswerian⁶ to deny on oath, LL.

ætswīgan to keep silence about (be) GD 217¹⁸.

ætswimman³ to escape by swimming, swim out, Chr 918.

āettan (āyttan) to eat up.

ǣtter, ǣttor = ātor

ǣttr- = ætr-

ætðringan³ to take away from, deprive of.

ætweaxan¹ to increase (Swt.).

ætwegan⁵ to bear away, carry off, B 1198.

ǣtwela abundance of food, feast, Soul 123.

ætwenian to wean from, LL 368´.

ætwesan anv. to be at hand.

ætwesende at hand, imminent, WW.

ætwindan³ to escape, Æ. [‘atwind’]

ætwist I. † f. presence.

II. = edwist

ætwītan⁶ to reproach (with), censure, taunt, Met, Ps; CP. [‘atwite’]

ætwrencan to seize by fraud.

ætȳcan to add to, increase, BH. [īecan]

ætȳcnes f. increase, BH.

ǣtȳnan = ontȳnan

ǣtynge = ǣtinge

ætys = ætis pres. 3 sg. of ætwesan.

æt-ȳwan, -ȳwian = ætīewan

ætȳwednes f. showing, appearance, manifestation, revelation, GD.

ætȳwigendlic demonstrative, ÆGr.

ætȳwnes f. showing, manifestation, revelation: apparition, Æ: Epiphany.

ætȳwung f. manifestation, Epiphany, CM 531.

ǣðan I. (±)to make oath, swear. [āð]

II. = īðan

æðel = æðele

ǣðel == ēðel

æðelboren of noble birth, distinguished, Æ: free-born, Æ: inborn, natural.

æðelborennes f. nobility of birth or nature, Æ: inborn nature, OEG 4518.

æðelcund of noble birth.

æðelcundnes f. nobleness, Bo 46¹³.

æðelcyning m. noble king (Christ), Æ.

æðelduguð f. noble retinue, Cr 1012.

æðele noble, aristocratic, excellent, famous, glorious, Ex, Gen; Æ, AO, CP: splendid, fine, costly, valuable: lusty, young: pleasant, sweet-smelling, Gen: (+)natural, congenial, suitable. [‘athel’]

æðel-ferðingwyrt, -fyrdingwyrt f. stitch-wort (plant), Lcd.

+æðelian † to make noble or renowned, Hy. [‘i-athele’]

æðelic = æðellic

āðelic = ēaðelic

æðeling m. man of royal blood, nobleman, chief, prince, AO, Chr (v. LL 2·274): †king, Christ, God, Cr: †man, hero, saint; in pl. men, people, Gen. [‘atheling’]

æðelinghād n. princely state, Lcd 3·438⁵.

æðellic noble, excellent. adv. -līce.

æðelnes f. nobility, excellence.

æðelo = æðelu

æðelstenc m. sweet smell, Ph 195.

æðeltungol † n. noble star.

æðelu fn. nobility, family, descent, origin, CP: nature: noble qualities, genius, talents, pre-eminence, Bo: produce, growth. [‘athel’]

ǣð- = ēð-

ǣðm (ē) m. air, breath, breathing, CP; Sat. (ē): vapour, B: blast, Æ. [‘ethem’]

ǣðmian to fume, exhale, emit a smell.

ǣðre = ǣdre

ǣðreclic terrible, RPs 95⁴.

ǣðret- = āðryt-

ǣðrot n. disgust, weariness. [āðrēotan]

ǣðryt I. troublesome, wearisome, disgusting.

II. n. weariness, disgust, tediousness, Æ.

ǣðryte = ǣðryt I.

ǣðrytnes f. tedium, v. OEG 4582.

ǣðryttan to weary, Æ.

æðða (Bd, Death-song) = oððe

ǣw I. = ǣ.

II. = ǣwe

ǣwǣde without clothes, WW 230³⁸.

ǣwan to despise, scorn, Ps.

ǣwbrǣce despising the law, Æ: adulterous, LL.

ǣwbreca (i, y) m. adulterer, LL (y). [‘eaubruche²’]

ǣwbryce m. adultery, Æ; LL. [‘eaubruche¹’]

ǣwda, æwdamann m. witness, compurgator, LL.

ǣwe I. fn. married woman, Æ: married people.

II. lawful: married: born of the same marriage.

ǣwelm = ǣwielm

ǣwenbrōðor m. brother by the same marriage, WW 413²⁹.

ǣwēne doubtful, uncertain.

ǣwerd adj.? religious, or sb.? regular priest, ANS 128·298. [cp. ǣweweard]

æwerdla = æfwyrdla

ǣweweard m. priest, Bl 161²⁷.

ǣwfæst upright, pious, devout, religious, Æ, CP: married, Æ.

ǣwfæsten n. legal or public fast.

ǣwfæstlic lawful: religious, CP (ǣf-). adv. -līce.

ǣwfæstnes f. religion, piety.

ǣwicnes f. eternity, RPs 102¹⁷ (v. p. 303).

ǣwielm (e, i, y), -wielme m. source, fount, spring, beginning, AO, CP. [= ēawylm]

ǣwintre = ānwintre

ǣwis- = ǣwisc-

ǣwisc I. nf. offence, shame, disgrace, dishonour, AO. [Goth. aiwisks]

II. disgraced, shameless, indecent.

ǣwiscberende disgraceful, shameful, WW 264⁴².

ǣwisce = ǣwisc I.

ǣwisc-ferinend (Gl), -firina (NG) m. shameless sinner, publican.

ǣwisclic disgraceful, infamous, OEG.

ǣwiscmōd ashamed, abashed, cowed.

ǣwiscnes f. shameless conduct: reverence.

ǣwita m. counsellor, El 455.

ǣwlic legal, lawful. adv. -līce.

±ǣwnian to marry, Æ.

ǣwnung f. wedlock, OEG.

ǣwul basket with a narrow neck for catching fish, WW 181¹¹. [?= cawl, BT]

ǣwumboren lawfully born, LL 76´.

ǣwung = ǣwnung

ǣwunge = ēawunge

ǣwyll m. stream, BC 1·542.

ǣ-wylm, -wylme = ǣwielm

æwyrdla = æfwyrdla

ǣwyrp m. throwing away: what is cast away: an abortion. [āweorpan]

ǣwysc- = æwisc-

æx == æcs, eax

æxe = asce

æxeȳr f. axe-head, Chr 1012e. [ȳr]

æxfaru f. ‘apparatus,’ naval expedition? (= æsc-? v. ES 37·184), Gl.

æxian = ascian

æxl = eaxl

æxs = æcs

āfǣdan = āfēdan

āfǣgan to depict, figure, BH. [fāg]

āfǣgrian (æ) to ornament, adorn, BH.

ā-fælan, -fællan = āfyllan II.

āfǣman to foam out, PPs 118¹³¹.

āfǣran to frighten, PPs, Mk, Chr; AO, CP. [‘afear,’ ‘afeared’]

āfæst = ǣwfæst

āfæstan I. to fast, LL, W.

II. to let out on hire, MkR 12¹.

āfæstla interj. certainly! assuredly! Æ.

āfæstnian (e) to fix upon, fasten, make firm, confirm, AO: enter, inscribe, Æ: build.

āfǣttian to fatten, anoint, APs 22⁶; LPs 140⁵.

āfandelic = āfandodlic

āfandian to try, test, prove, tempt, Lk, Lcd; Æ, CP: find out, experience, Æ. āfandod (and āfanden?) approved, excellent, Æ.

āfand-igendlic, -odlic proved, approved, laudable. adv. -odlīce.

āfandung f. trial, Æ.

āfangennes f. reception, acceptance.

afara = eafora

āfaran to go out, depart, march, travel, Æ, AO; Da 6. [‘afare’]

āfeallan⁷ to fall down, fall in battle, Lk; CP: fall off, decay. [‘afalle’]

āfeallan = āfyllan

āfēdan to feed, nourish, bring up, maintain, support, Æ; AO: bring forth, produce. [‘afede’]

āfēgan to join, DR (oe).

āfehtan (DR) = āfeohtan

āfellan = āfyllan

āfelle = ǣfelle

āfeohtan³ to fight, fight against, attack, AO: tear out, destroy.

āfēon ‘odisse,’ PPs.

āfeormian to cleanse, purge, purify.

āfeormung f. scouring, cleansing, purging, Sc.

ā-feorran, -feorrian (CP) = āfierran

āfeorsian to remove, do away, expel, dispel, Æ: go away.

āfer = āfor

afera = eafora

āfēran = āfǣran

aferian to provide horses for team work (as service for a lord), v. ANS 109·73f.

ā-ferian (Gl), -ferran = āfierran

āferscan to become fresh, Bo 86²⁰.

āfersian = āfeorsian

āfestnian (WW 49⁸) = āfæstnian

afetigan = hafetian

āfierran (eo, i, y) to remove, withdraw, depart: estrange from, take away, expel, drive away, CP. [feorr]

āfierrednes (y) f. removal, NC 270.

āfīgen fried, Gl.

āfilgan to pursue, Gen 14¹⁵.

āfindan³ (= on-) to find, find out, discover, detect, Jn; Æ: experience, feel, Æ. [‘afind’]

āfir- = āfierr-, āfeor-, āfyr-

āfirðan (= y) to remove, Lcd 1·294n.

āflægen pp. of āflēan.

āflǣman = āflīeman

āflēan⁶ to strip off, flay, GD.

āflēgan (DR) = āflīegan

āflēman = āflīeman

āflēon², -flēogan to fly, flee away, Gu: fly from, escape. [‘aflee’]

āflēotan² to skim, Lcd.

āflīan = āflīegan

āflīegan (ī, ȳ) to put to flight, expel, Æ (ī). [‘afley’]

āflīeman (ȳ) to put to flight, expel, scatter, disperse, rout, Chr; CP: banish. [‘afleme’]

āflīgan = āflīegan

āflīgung f. attack? Lcd 1·338¹².

-āflīung v. mete-ā.

āflōwan⁷ to flow, flow away or from, pass away, AO, CP.

āflȳg-, āflȳh- = āflīeg-

āflygennes f. attack (BT), Lcd 1·366⁷.

āflȳman = āflīeman

āfōgian = āwōgian

afol n. power, might, LL (304²²).

āfōn (= on-) to receive, take in, take, Mk, Ps: lay hold of, seize, MtR, Jul: hold up support. [‘afong’]

āfondian = āfandian

āfor bitter, acid, sour, sharp: dire, fierce severe, harsh, impetuous. [OHG. eivar, eibar]

afora = eafora

āforhtian to be frightened, take fright, wonder at, Æ.

ā-frēfran, -frēfrian to comfort, console, make glad, CP. [frōfor]

āfrem-dan, -dian to alienate, Æ: become alienated.

āfremðan (VPs) = āfremdan

āfremðung f. alienation, VHy.

āfrēoðan² to froth, Lcd 45b.

āfrēon (-ia, N) to deliver, free.

afslōg = ofslōg

after = æfter

āfūlian to become foul, putrefy, rot, be corrupt, defiled.

afulic perverse. v. ES 42·162.

āfulliend m. fuller, MkR 9³.

āfunde rare wk. pret. 3 sg. of āfindan.

āfundennes f. invention, device, discovery, Æ.

āfȳlan to foul, stain, defile, corrupt, CP; Æ. [‘afile’]

āfyllan I. (w. g. or d.) to fill, fill up, replenish, satisfy, Æ; AO: complete, fulfil. [‘afill’].

II. (y = ie) to cause to fall, fell, beat down, overturn, subvert, demolish, abolish, Lk; Æ: slay, kill. [‘afelle’]

āfyndan = āfindan

āfyr- = āfierr-

āfȳran to emasculate. āfȳred (CP), āfȳrd pp. as sb. eunuch.

āfyrhtan to frighten, terrify, Æ, AO.

āfȳrida = āfȳred

āfyrran = āfierran

āfyrsian = āfeorsian

āfȳsan (intr.) to hasten: inspire with longing, Bl: (tr.) urge, impel, excite: drive away. [fūs]

āga m. proprietor, owner, GD 230¹¹.

āgǣlan to hinder, keep back, preoccupy, detain, hold back, retard, delay, AO: neglect, CP: profane.

āgǣlwan to terrify, astonish, AO.

āgalan⁶ to sound forth, sing, chant.

āgald = āgeald pret. 3 sg. of āgieldan.

āgālian to become slack, CP 65¹⁸.

āgan I. (conj. Wt 546) to own, possess, have, obtain, An, Bo, Ma, Mt; AO, CP: give, give up, deliver, restore: have to pay, ‘owe,’ Mt, Lk: have to do, ANS 123·417. ā. ūt find out, discover.

II. pret. 3 sg. of āginnan (onginnan).

āgān (conj. v. gān) to go, go by, pass (of time), Mk. of ā. go away: occur, befal, Æ: come forth, grow, Ps: approach: lose strength. [‘ago’]

āgangan = āgān

āge f. possessions, property. [ON. eiga]

agēan == ongēan

āgehwǣr = ǣhwǣr