The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Roman assemblies, by George Willis Botsford.

INDEX

Abbreviations: c. = consular, d. = dictatorial, p. = pretorian, t. = tribunician. The numbers in parentheses are dates B.C.

Abacti, 391.
Abjuration of social rank, 156, 162, 163, 165.
Abrogation, of imperium, 324, n. 1, 342, 360, 390, 404;
of tribunician power, 366, 367 f., 432, 455;
of pretorian power, 455, n. 3.
Accensi velati, 66, 80 f., 207, 208, 228.
Accensus, summons comitia centuriata, 469.
Accerani, receive citizenship, 304.
Acclamation, 152, 202, 276.
Acculeia (curia), 11, n. 7.
Accusation, fourth, 260.
Acilius Glabrio, M’., trial of (189), 319.
Adlectio of senators, 166, 418.
Adoptions, 160, 166;
testamentary, 161.
Adrogatio, 156, 160 f.;
of Clodius, 30, 443;
formula of, 161;
for transitio ad plebem, 162, 443.
Adscriptivi, 80, n. 5.
Adsidui, 61.
Aediles, election of, 127;
presidency of contio, 141;
of comitia, 292, 465;
jurisdiction of before Hortensius, 290-2;
after Hortensius, 325-7;
limited by standing courts, 326 f.
Aediles cereales, 454, n. 5.
Aediles, curule, and lex curiata, 189;
instituted, 234, 291;
presidency of comitia, 292, 465;
jurisdiction before Hortensius, 291 f.;
after Hortensius, 325-7.
Aediles, plebeian, instituted, 262;
election of, 262, 272;
bailiffs of tribunes, 264, n. 5;
sacrosancti, n. 7, 274;
Valerian-Horatian law on, 274, 278 f.;
relation to tribunes, 290;
jurisdiction, before Hortensius, 195, 290-2;
after Hortensius, 325-7;
presidency of comitia, 292, 465.
Aemilius Lepidus, M., his imperium abrogated (136), 360, 367.
Aemilius Lepidus, M., consul (78), 423, 425.
Aemilius Paulus, L., trial of (218), 318.
Aemilius Scaurus, M., trial of, for neglect of duty (103), 323;
for maiestas (91), 257, n. 5.
Aerarii, 60, 62, 64, 65, 212, 318.
Aerarium, 62.
Aes equestre et hordearium, 93 f.
Aetates, in comitia centuriata, 222.
Africa, organized under lex Livia, 349;
agrarian conditions of, 387.
Ager, privatus, ownership of, 48 f.;
registration in tribes, 50, 54, 60 f., 64;
publicus, agitation for assignment of, 270, 272, 295, 310 f., 360, 373 f., 435 f.;
laws for assignment of, see Legislation, agrarian.
Ager compascuus, 365.
Ager, effatus, etc., 108.
Agrarian laws, see Legislation, agrarian.
Alba Longa, three tribes in, 4, n. 3.
Alban Mount, triumphs on, 293, 335, n. 2, 350.
Aliens, treatment of, 38;
under jurisdiction of senate, 254;
of people, 255;
expulsions of, 273, 354, 370, 397, 434;
enrolment in colonies, 353;
see Italians, Latins.
Allies, unfair treatment of, 352;
under lex Iulia repetundarum, 442;
see Italians, Latins.
Ambitus, laws on, 295, 296 f., 348 f., 419, 431, 436 f., 448, 454, 474.
Aniensis iuniorum, 217, 227, n. 2.
Annius Luscus, T., prosecution of (133), 322.
Annius Milo, T., prosecution of, 327.
Anquisitio, 259.
Antias, Valerius, on Scipionic trial, 319, n. 7.
Antiquo, 467.
Antonius, L., tribune (45-44), 455.
Antonius, M., misuses oblativa, 113;
tribune (49), 453 f.;
consul (44), 454, n. 4, 457-9.
Apparitores, 416, n. 1.
Appeal, to comitia curiata, 182, 239;
to centuriata, 239 ff., 259, 287;
to tributa, 259, 266, 268, 286 f., 292, 317, 325, 327;
limited by first milestone, 241;
from military imperium, 251 f.;
from tribunes in capital cases, 268;
when most used, 328;
right offered as reward, 378.
Appian, on new tribes (90), 57 f.;
reëlection of tribunes, 369;
liability of jurors for bribery, 378, n. 8;
lex Boria (?), 385;
lex Livia iudiciaria, 398;
lex Cornelia Pompeia (88), 407;
election of senators, 418.
Appuleius Decianus, C., tribune (98), 323 f.
Appuleius Saturninus, L., weakens veto, 117;
interdicts Metellus, 257, n. 5;
murdered, 258 f., 396;
tribune (103, 100), 393-6.
Ἀρχαιρεσία, 406, n. 6.
Archives, for senatus consulta, 278 f.;
for statutes, 437 f., 465.
Ardea, disputes with Aricia, 294.
Ardeates, concilium of, 122.
Aricia, disputes with Ardea, 294.
Army, relation of to folk, 2, 35;
pre-Servian, 10 f., 35;
Servian, 58 ff., 66 ff., 72-6;
originally self-supporting, 61 f.;
not identical with comitia centuriata, 68;
Graeco-Italic, 69-71;
primitive Roman, 69, n. 4;
like Athenian, 76;
post-Servian, 76-80;
supernumeraries in, 80-2;
early republican, 83 f.;
political importance of, 202.
Arpinates, receive suffrage, 352.
Arrogation, see Adrogatio.
As, sextantarian, 67, n. 4, 87, 213;
declines in value, 86 f.;
of ounce weight (uncial), 90, n. 4, 336;
semiuncial, 91, 403.
Assembly, German, 33, 153, n. 3, 168, 169, 170, 172;
Homeric Greek, 33, 153, n. 3, 168, 169, 170 f.;
European, 152, 168-73;
Athenian, 153, 168;
Alamannic, 153;
Irish, 153, n. 3, 172;
Slavic, 168, 172 f.;
Lacedaemonian, 168;
Celtic, 168, 170;
Etruscan, 169;
Italian, 171;
Frankish, 172.
Assembly, Roman, affected by omens, 109;
plebeian tribal, termed comitia, 120, 126-30;
three organized forms of, 138;
origin of, 152;
limited by senate in early republic, 273, 284;
development of voting in, 275 f.;
laws on, 307;
packing of, 405;
see Comitia, Concilium, Contio.
Asylum, in theory of patrician state, 36 f.;
connection with tribunate, 265.
Ateste, law found at, 454, n. 3.
Atilius Calatinus, M., trial of, 247.
Atinius Labeo, C., tribune (131), 264, n. 8.
Atius Labienus, T., tribune (63), 435;
prosecutes Rabirius, 258.
Attus Navius, 101, n. 3, 105, n. 3.
Auctoritas, see Patrum auctoritas.
Auguraculum, 109, n. 7.
Augural districts, 108.
Auguria, 106.
Augurs, 105-8;
number and character, 105 f.;
functions, 106-8;
have nuntiatio, 111 f.;
attend comitia, 107, 112 ff.;
election of, 120, 391, 435;
in contiones, 146, n. 1;
increased to fifteen, 416.
Auspices, 100-18;
of Sodales Titii, 2, n. 6;
private, 100-3;
nuptial, 100, n. 4;
public, 100, 101, 103-18;
impetrativa, 103-11;
assemblies requiring, 110 f.;
oblativa, 111-8;
spectio, 112 ff.;
under Aelian and Fufian laws, 116 f., 279 f., 358 f.;
misuse of, 117 f.;
essential to magistratus iustus, 187, n. 7;
borrowing of, 244, 245, 280, 315;
violated by consul, 248;
of first tribunician election, 263, n. 1;
support nobility, 330 f.
Auspicium, 100, 102 f.;
deputed, 104, 244, 245, 280, 315;
lex for, 179;
see Auspices.
Auxilium, tribunician, 253, 263, 414.
Aventine hill, 2, n. 6;
outside the Servian tribes, 59;
so-called lex Icilia for assignment of, 238, 265, n. 1, 272 f.
Bacchanalians, 254, n. 3.
Ballot, 467;
laws on, 359, 369, 371, 389 f.;
use of in quaestiones, 420;
in all comitia, 469;
boxes, 389, 467.
Belot, on ratings, 91-3.
Berns, on comitia and concilium, 126.
Bibulus, spectio of, 114, n. 9, 116, n. 1, 439.
Bill, see Rogatio.
Birds, auspices from, 108.
Bird-seer, 105, n. 1.
βουλή, 407.
Bribery, in trials, 378, 442;
of magistrates, 429 f.;
electoral, see Ambitus.
Caecilius Metellus, L., tribune (213), 318.
Caecilius Metellus, Q., censor (131), 264, n. 8.
Caecilius Metellus, Q., consul (60), 163.
Caecilius Metellus, Q., consul (57), 115.
Caecilius Metellus Numidicus, Q., prosecution of (100), 257, n. 5.
Caedes, see Murder.
Caeles Vibenna, 3.
Caelestia (auspicia), impetrativa, 108;
oblativa, 112;
de caelo servare, 114;
of Bibulus, 439.
Caelian hill, 3.
Caerite franchise, 38, n. 1.
Caerites, 62.
Caesetius Flavius, L., tribune (44), 324, 455.
Calabra, curia, 154, 468.
Calare, 153 f.
Calatores, 154.
Calendar, 470-2;
pontifical control of, 358.
Calumniator, Calumny, 400.
Camillus, see Furius Camillus.
Campanian land, vectigalia of, 337, 351, n. 5, 365 f., 373;
under lex Iulia, 439, 440.
Campanians, punished for revolt, 254, 340;
senatus consultum on, 353.
Campus Martius, meeting place of centuries, 108, 203, 469;
of tribes, 465;
president’s platform in, 109;
elections in, 115, 194, n. 2;
inauguration in, 156;
execution in, 258.
Candidacy, in absentia, 436 f., 449;
see Ambitus.
Cannae, effect of disaster at, 343.
Capital punishment, under kings, 182, 239 f.;
voted by centuries, 240 ff., 286 f.;
in early republic by curiae and tribes, 266-9;
abolished by lex Porcia, 250 f.;
avoided by exile, 344;
see Appeal.
Capite censi, 89, 394.
Capitoline hill, 2;
beyond Servian tribes, 59;
auspication on, 109, 154;
comitia tributa on, 465;
curiata on, 468.
Capua, plan to colonize, 373, 382, n. 9;
lex Iunia on, 410.
Carpenters, in comitia centuriata, 206.
Carthage, colonization of, 383, 385.
Cassius, Sp., 238, 244, 310.
Catiline, 437.
Cato the Elder, see Porcius, M., the Elder.
Cato the Younger, 111, 126.
Cattle, standard of value, 269, 287.
Caudium, effect of defeat at, 302 f.
Cavalry, see Equites.
Celeres, 73.
Censi, 90, n. 5.
Censoriae Tabulae, 67, 85, 204.
Censors, make up tribes, 60;
relation to aerarii, 60, 62, 64 f.;
instituted, 79, 234, 237;
auspices of, 103;
auspicate lustral comitia, 111;
preside over contio, 141;
inspect arms, 204;
election of, 229;
centuriate sanction, 237;
laws on, 237, 300, 307;
grant citizenship, 283, 304;
prosecution of, 318;
reëlection forbidden, 332;
limited by comitia, 337;
supervise morals, 332, 337, 428;
tribunes interfere with, 351, n. 5;
assign seats to senators, 356 f.;
let out taxes of Asia, 380;
stigma of, 445, 450, n. 2.
Census, connection of with tribes, 50, 54, 59;
money valuation in, 65;
instituted, 53, 68, n. 7, 76;
Greek, 71;
post-Servian, 77;
object of, 204;
after reform, 216;
under lex municipalis, 457.
Centuria procum (patricium), 67, n. 3, 75, n. 1;
of the tardy, 208, 226.
Centuriate organization, Fabius on, 52 f., 67;
Livy and Dionysius on, 66, 68;
Servian, 72-6;
post-Servian, 76-80, 201 ff.;
see Comitia centuriata.
Centuries, 66 ff.;
number of, in classes, 66, 76 f.;
in the classis, 73, 76;
in post-Servian phalanx, 76 f.;
in fifth rating, 77;
supernumerary, 80-82, 205-9, 224;
of juniors, 82 f., 205;
of seniors, 205;
after reform, 216 ff.;
increased, 219 ff.;
see Comitia centuriata.
Centurions, in comitia centuriata, 211;
in jury service, 458.
Ceres, connection of with plebeian organization, 264, n. 7;
forfeiture of estates to, 267, 274;
senatus consulta in temple of, 278 f., 465, n. 2.;
Priestesses of granted citizenship, 353.
Chalkidae, an Attic gens, 28.
Chariot, in war, 69, 74.
Χειροτονία, 406, n. 6.
Chicken auspices, 107, 118, n. 2.
Cicero, on early Roman history, 26;
account of centuriate system, 67, 205, n. 5, 215, n. 2, 221 f.;
criticises Antony’s obnuntiation, 111, n. 4;
attitude toward auspices, 118, n. 2;
usage relative to comitia and concilium, 126-31;
distinction between whole and part, 130, 466;
on curiate law, 184 f.;
on capital trials, 267, 268, n. 6;
curule aedile, 327;
on frumentations, 401, n. 5;
supports Manilian rogation, 434;
consul (63), 435-7;
commends lex Iulia repetundarum, 442.
Cinna, see Cornelius Cinna.
Circus, Flaminius, 465.
Cistae (ballot boxes), 389, 467.
Citizenship, early idea of, 2;
liberality of Rome in granting, 38, 43 f.;
of other states, 44, n. 1;
granted by king, 24, 181, 304;
by censors, 283, 304;
by tribes, 304 f., 352;
by founder of colony, 353, 395;
to priestesses of Ceres, 353;
to Latins and Italians, 401 f.;
less freely, 353 f.;
as reward, 393, n. 2;
value enhanced, 354;
usurpations of, 354, 397;
optimo iure, 355;
sine suffragio, 62, 63, 64, 304, n. 4, 305, 352.
City, relation of to country, 55 f.
City-state, origin of, 6.
Cives sine suffragio, 44, 62, 63, 64, 352.
Classes, 66 ff.;
relative size of, 83;
the five and their ratings, 84-91;
Smith on origin, 85, n. 3;
soldiers recruited from, 86, 394;
number of centuries in, after reform, 216 f.;
parts of tribes, 219 f.;
social, 16 ff.;
Athenian, 71;
in theatre, 356 f.
Classici, 72, n. 2, 76, 85, 90, 216, n. 1.
Classicum, 469.
Classis, original meaning of, 72, n. 1;
and infra classem, 72;
like zeugitae, 76;
array in battle, 79;
changed meaning, 84 f.;
rating of, 87;
fifth, 88 f.;
first, 89 f.;
procincta, 203;
number of centuries in fifth, 208;
see Classes.
Claudia, trial of, for perduellio (246), 326.
Claudia (tribus), 56.
Claudius, augur, fined, 328.
Claudius, historian, on Claudine treaty, 302.
Claudius, App., decemvir, trial of, 246.
Claudius, App., consul (179), 192, n. 3.
Claudius, C., censor (169), trial of, 253.
Claudius, M., trial of, 246.
Claudius Caecus, App., 307;
prosecution of, 247;
alters tribes, 64;
appraisements, 65, 86;
influences censorship, 331.
Claudius Marcellus, C., consul (50), attitude of toward auspices, 118, n. 2.
Claudius Marcellus, M., consul (215), and curiate law, 197;
lex for abrogating imperium of, 342.
Claudius Pulcher, App., consul (54), 194, n. 2;
author of work on augury, 118, n. 2;
view of curiate law, 193.
Claudius Pulcher, P., consul (249), trial of, 248, 317.
Clients, ancient view as to origin of, 22;
rights, 22 f.;
Niebuhr on, 27;
Meyer on, 55;
in Claudian tribe, 56;
in populus, tribes, and curiae, 24, 262, n. 2, 271;
vote in comitia curiata, 25, 32, 271;
in assemblies, 120, 276;
Mommsen on, 34;
in war, 22, 78, n. 6.
Clodius Pulcher, P., tribune (58), 127, 444-6;
transitio ad plebem, 162 f., 443;
prosecutes Milo, 195.
Clustumina (tribus), 56.
Coinage, earliest copper, 86 f.;
Flaminian law on, 336;
Clodian, 392;
Papirian, 403.
Coins, plated, 336, 398, n. 6.
Collegia, laws on, Clodia, 445;
Licinia, 447 f.;
Caesar’s edict, 457, n. 6.
Collegium (College), of accensi velati, 80, 207;
of fabri, 206, 226;
of tubicines and cornicines, 206 f.;
tribunician, 269;
of sacerdotes, 391 f.;
connection of latter with tribes, 7;
political character, 106, n. 6, 10, 113;
enlarged by Sulla, 416;
supernumeraries in, 454, n. 6;
see Augurs, Epulones, etc.
Collina (tribus), 50.
Colonia Genetiva Iulia, 453, n. 4.
Colonies, founded by senate, 284;
triumviri for conducting, 307, 311, 350;
laws for founding, 350;
founder’s right to enroll aliens, 353;
Sempronian, 372, 382 f.;
regulations of in Thorian law, 386;
epoch in history of, 394;
founded by Caesar, 453.
Comitia, relation of to augural districts, 108;
effect of celestial omens on, 109;
attended by augurs, 112 ff.;
meet at sunrise, 115;
distinguished from concilium, 119-38;
defined by Laelius, 119;
Livy’s usage relative to, 119-25;
sacerdotal usage, 125 f.;
Sallust’s, 126;
Cicero’s, 126-30;
literary and juristic, 131;
true distinctions, 131-8;
uses classified, 132-4;
developed, 135-7;
meaning of, 135;
relation to concilium and contio, 138;
not summoned by promagistrate, 141;
formed from contio, 150;
connotes organization, 154;
iusta, 187, n. 7;
in camp, 194;
right to establish special courts, 254, 390;
judicial procedure in, 259 f.;
limited by senate and magistrates, 273, 284, 344 f.;
development of voting in, 275 f.;
gain power, 315 f.;
permit triumphs, 334;
regulate festivals, 340 f.;
influence of Flaminius on, 343;
part of in government, 344;
lack initiative, 345 f.;
most active under C. Gracchus, 384;
worn out, 405;
under senatorial control, 406-8;
yield judicial function to courts, 420 f.;
decline, 450-61;
limited by Sulla and Caesar, 413 f., 420 f., 452, 454 f., 457, 477;
presidency of, 465, 468, 469;
length of sessions, 470;
composition of, 473;
summary of history, 473-7.
Comitia calata, 152-67;
auspicated, 104;
wills made in, 139, n. 5, 157-9;
also termed contio, 140, n. 1;
definition of, 153 f.;
place of meeting, 154;
religious objects, 154-6;
centuriata, 154, n. 4, 156;
voting in, 156 f.;
adrogatio in, 160 f.;
testamentary adoptions in, 161;
transitio ad plebem in, 162 f.;
grant of patriciate in, 164-6.
Comitia centuriata, principle of, 12 f.;
convoked by horn-blower, 31;
advance beyond curiata, 33, 473;
ascribed to Servius, 66 ff., 201;
described in Censoriae Tabulae, 67;
non-existent under kings, 68, 201;
developed from army, 68 f., 202 ff.;
distinguished from army, 83, 203, 205 ff.;
relation to augural districts, 108;
place of meeting, 108, 143, 203, 469;
auspicated, 104, 110;
attended by augurs, 114;
enact privilegia, 127 f.;
recall Cicero, 128;
lustral, 141, 204 f.;
no deliberation in, 143;
voting in, 157, 211, 469 f.;
declare war, 177, 230-2, 283, 295;
curiate sanction, 184, 229;
pass lex de censoria potestate, 185, 237;
confer imperium, 188;
elect praetor in Spain, 192;
organization of, 201-28;
early republican, 201-11;
presidency of, 203, 236, 469;
supernumeraries in, 205-9;
sex suffragia in, 209;
new equestrian centuries in, 209 f.;
table of centuries, 210;
reform of, 211-28;
essentials of, 212;
date, 212 f.;
gradual, 214 f.;
five classes after, 216;
tribes, 216 f.;
Niebuhr on, 217-9;
Huschke, 219;
Pantagathus, 220;
Mommsen, 221-4;
Lange, 224 f.;
Klebs, 225;
voting after, 225, 227, 469 f.;
supernumeraries, 226;
functions, 229-61;
elective, 229 f.;
legislative, 230-9;
Twelve Tables on, 233 f.;
freed from patrum auctoritas, 235;
yield to tribes, 239;
judicial, 239-61;
appeal to, 239-42, 268;
tribunician cases before, 245-53;
limited by special courts, 253-7;
try Rabirius, 258 f.;
procedure, 259 f.;
pass lex de Aventino, 272;
institute Decemvirate, 273;
divide jurisdiction with tribes, 286 f.;
lose regulation of magistracy, 305.
Comitia curiata, 10, 168-200;
not identical with army, 11;
voting in by genera hominum, 12;
include clients and plebeians, 24 f., 32;
convoked by lictor, 31;
lack initiative, 33, 173;
auspicated, 110, 112;
pass lex de imperio, 112;
attended by augurs, 113;
origin, 152 f., 168-73, 473;
limited rights of, 173 ff.;
subject to patrum auctoritas, 174 f.;
on war and peace, 174-7;
legislation in, 177-82;
jurisdiction of, 182, 339;
elections, 182 ff., 196, 473;
lex de imperio, 184-96;
become formality, 196-8;
early republican, 232;
presidency of, 262;
composition of, 262, 271;
place of meeting, 468.
Comitia sacerdotum, 120, 129, 341, 391, 458.
Comitia tributa, principle of, 12 f.;
alleged trial of Coriolanus, 56, n. 4;
auspication of, 104, 110;
attended by augurs, 114;
Livy’s use of term, 120;
Sallust’s, 126;
Cicero’s, 126-9;
incompetent to pass privilegia, 128;
of whole people, 129 f.;
curiate sanction, 184;
confer imperium, 188;
under pretorian presidency, 193;
ratify Cornelian laws, 236;
gain at expense of centuries, 239;
legalize voluntary exile, 249, 256, 257, n. 5, 267, 446;
procedure in, 259 f., 465-8;
origin of, 262, 270-2, 473 f.;
pre-decemviral jurisdiction, 267-9, 273;
patricians in, 271, 275-7;
elective, 272;
no legislation before Decemvirate, 272-4;
conditioned legislative power granted to, 274-9;
advantages over centuriata, 280;
from 449 to 287 B.C., 283-316;
jurisdiction after Hortensius, 317-29;
tribunician, 317-25;
aedilician, 325-7;
pontifical, 327 f.;
era of repose in legislation, 330-3;
Flaminian, 333-46;
Plutocratic, 346-62;
from Gracchi to Sulla, 363-411;
subjected to senate by Sulla, 413 f.;
from Sulla to Octavianus, 412-61;
preferred by Caesar, 452;
decline of, 450 ff.
Comitial days, 470-2;
vitiated by spectio, 115;
by proclamation of holidays, 116;
senatorial sessions forbidden on, 424;
lex Gabinia on, 429;
lex Clodia on, 445.
Comitiatus maximus, 241, 268.
Comitium, meeting-place of curiae, 10, 468;
of tribes, 465;
auspication in, 109.
Commentarii Servi Tullii, 67.
Commission, special, see Quaestio extraordinaria.
Commissioners, see Duumviri, Triumviri, etc.
Compitum Fabricium, 9.
Concilium, distinguished from comitia, 119-38;
defined by Laelius, 119;
Livy’s use of term, 119-25;
Mommsen on, 121-4;
Caesar’s usage, 125 f.;
Sallust’s, 126;
Cicero’s, 130 f.;
literary and juristic, 131;
true distinction, 131-8;
uses classified, 132-4;
developed, 135-7;
relation to comitia and contio, 138;
of nobles, 124, 125;
populi, 120-6;
plebis at Capua, 125.
Concordia ordinum, 428.
Consobrini, intermarriage of, 340.
Conspiracy, special court for trial of, 254, 310;
judicial, 378;
lex Furia on, 396, n. 2.
Constitution, equilibrium of Roman, 343-6, 361 f.
Consuls, auspices of, 103;
obnuntiate, 114;
watch sky, 115;
proclaim holidays, 116;
call to concilium, 121;
to contio, 142;
election of, 189, 229;
intermediate between senate and comitia centuriata, 235;
laws on, 237, 296, 299, 307;
given absolute authority, 273;
depend on people, 345;
minimal age of, 415;
presidency of assemblies, 465, 468, 469.
Consulta, see Senatus consulta.
Contio, 139-51;
interrupted by storm, 109;
auspicated, 110 f., 122, 144
sacerdotal use of word, 125 f., 139 f.;
relation to comitia and concilium, 138;
derivation of, 139;
composition, 140;
presidency, 140 f.;
tribunician, 142, 144;
witnessing, 142;
preliminary to comitia, 143;
opening of, 144 f.;
speaking in, 145 f.;
women in, 146 f.;
change to comitia, 150, 465, 469;
earliest form of assembly, 152, 156, 473;
part of in elections, 183;
military, 202, 230;
judicial, 259 f., 320;
plebeian, 263, 269, 273, 425 f., 430;
for opposing Manilian law, 434;
oath in, 441.
Conubium, connected with auspices, 101;
between near kin, 339 f.;
freedmen lack, 354.
Conventio, 139, 140, n. 1;
see Contio.
Conway, on social classes, 38, n. 2.
Coöptation, of patricians, 164, n. 1, 166;
of sacerdotes, 416.
Cornelian constitution, 423-8.
Cornelius, C., tribune (67), 429 f.
Cornelius Cinna, L., consul (87), 409;
assigns new citizens to tribes, 58, 409;
measures of vetoed by tribunes, 257, n. 5.
Cornelius Dolabella, L., naval duumvir (180), fined by pontiff, 328.
Cornelius Merula, L., prosecution of (87), 257, n. 5.
Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus, P., punishes soldiers, 251 f.;
dispensed from laws, 360;
modifies Sempronian agrarian law, 367.
Cornelius Scipio Africanus, P., trial of (185), 319 f.;
favors senators at theatre, 356 f.
Cornelius Scipio Asiagenus, L., trial of (185), 255, 319 f.
Cornelius Sulla Felix, L., treatment of new citizens, 58;
use of assemblies, 236;
increases quaestiones, 257 f., 324;
reactionary, 403, 414;
consular legislation of (88), 405-8;
dictatorial (82-81), 412-23;
limits comitia, 413 f., 420 f., 477.
Cornicines, 81, n. 2-4, 206;
see Musicians.
Corpus, Augustale, Iulianum, etc., 220.
Cotta, L., opinion of on Cicero’s interdict, 128.
Crier, see Praeco.
Crimes, treatment of, by Sulla, 258, 419-21;
early legislation on, 357;
standing courts on, 358;
Julian laws on, 455.
Crucifixion, punishment for perduellio, 258.
Curatores, of tribes, 220, n. 4;
viarum, 424, n. 6.
Curia Calabra, 154, 468.
Curiae, 8-11;
social composition of, 24, 32, 271;
new citizens admitted to, 44;
relation of to land, 48;
see Comitia calata, curiata.
Curiales, 9.
Curio, 9;
maximus, 10, 120, 341, 391.
Cursus honorum, 347, 415.
Custodes tabellarum, 389, 466, n. 4, 467.
Cyrene, tribes of, 7, n. 1.
Damnum, lex Aquilia on, 332 f.
Debts, legislation on, 296, 298, 310, 312, 313, 351 f., 408, 409 f., 437, n. 7, 452.
De caelo servare, 114 ff.
Decemviri agris adsignandis, under Servilian rogation, 186, 187, 259, 435;
under Livian law, 398, 400.
Decemviri legibus scribundis, presidency of contio, 141;
election of, 229;
without appeal, 240;
instituted, 273.
Decemviri sacris faciundis, 296, 308;
election of, 391;
increased to quindecemviri, 416.
Decianus, see Appuleius Decianus.
Decius, censor (304), 64.
Decius, tribune (120), 256.
Decuriae (decades), of soldiers, 11 f.;
(decuries) of jurors, 427, 458.
Decurions, 12.
Decurionate, municipal, 457.
Demagogism, encouraged by frumentations, 373.
Democracy, incipient, 308;
rise of prevented, 346.
Δῆμος, 17, 407 f.
Δημοτικοί, 17.
Denarius, value of, 87, n. 4, 336.
Detestatio sacrorum, 156, 161, 162, n. 7, 163.
Di penates, prosecution for neglecting, 323;
oath by, 380.
Dice, prohibited, 337.
Dictator, auspices of, 103, 112;
passes lex curiata, 112, 189, 191;
presidency of contio, 140;
of comitia, 465, 468, 469;
temporary monarch, 182;
optima lege, 187;
instituted, 233;
preferred tribes for legislation, 236, 416, n. 1, 452;
abolition of office, 237, 459;
subjection to appeal, 241 f.;
presides over special court, 254;
appointed at command of senate, 273, 284;
rei publicae constituendae, 412.
Dies, comitiales, 470-2;
nefasti, 470 f.;
endotorcisi, intercisi, 470, n. 9;
fasti, 471.
Diodorus, on plebeian tribunate, 272, n. 2;
admission of plebs to consulship, 293;
Sempronian law on military service, 382.
Dionysius, on early Roman history, 25, n. 3, 26 f.;
Servian tribes, 50, 53;
centuriate system, 66, n. 1, 67, 201, n. 3;
first tribal meeting, 262, n. 2;
patricians in tribal assembly, 275.
Diribitio, 467.
Diribitores, 467, n. 10.
Dispensations from law, 307 f., 343, 360, 366, 368 f., 449;
senate versus people on, 430 f.;
from lex curiata, 186, 190, 195, 199.
Divination, forms of, 108 f.;
see Auspices.
Divisores, 431.
Domitius Ahenobarbus, Cn., tribune (103), 323.
Draco, law of on phratry, 28.
Duoviri, see Duumviri.
Duumviri navales, instituted (311), 306 f.
Duumviri perduellioni iudicandae, 243 f.;
give way to tribunes, 248;
for trial of Rabirius, 258.
Duumviri sacris faciundis, 296.
Dyarchy, established by Gabinian law (67), 433.
Edicts, pretorian, 431 f.;
of Caesar, 457, n. 6.
Effatus ager, 108.
Egeria, 177.
Election, annulment of on religious ground, 107;
prevented by oblativa, 111, 113;
of king, 182-4;
and curiate law, 184-200;
by centuries, 229 f., 331;
of plebeian officials, 262 f.;
by tribes, 271 f., 285 f., 331;
ballot in, 359;
theory of popular control, 360;
see Ambitus, Magistrates.
Elicius, 100, n. 6.
Emancipation, in German assembly, 153;
in transitio ad plebem, 163.
Ennius, granted citizenship, 353.
Epidius Marullus, C., tribune (44), 324, 455.
Epilepsy (morbus comitialis), 112.
Epulones, instituted, 347;
election of, 391;
increased to seven, 416, n. 3.
Equites, relation of to tribes, 7;
originally self-supporting, 62;
in centuriate system, 66, 209 f.;
before Servius, 73 f.;
in Servian army, 75 f.;
in 214 B.C., 92;
census of, 92, 96 f.;
post-Servian, 93-7;
funds for, 93 f.;
opened to plebeians, 94;
equo privato, 94 f.;
equo publico, 95 f., 209;
in comitia centuriata, 209 f.;
prerogative, 211;
after reform, 212, 215, 220, 224, 226 f.;
given seats at theatre, 357, 428;
liable to law against bribery, 378;
made superior to senators, 381;
desert C. Gracchus, 384;
associate with senators in courts, 402, 427 f., 455.
Esquilina (tribus), 50, 220.
Eupyridae, Attic gens, 28.
Exercitus urbanus, 203.
Exile, voluntary, legalized by comitia tributa, 249, 256, 257, n. 5, 267, 446.
Extortion, see Repetundae.
Fabius, Q., trial of (389), 246, 288.
Fabius Buteo, censor (241), 213.
Fabius Gurges, Q., consul (292), resolution on imperium of, 289, 306.
Fabius Maximus, Q., consul (215), and curiate law, 197.
Fabius Maximus Servilianus, Q., trial of, for murder, 257, n. 5.
Fabius Pictor, sources of for early Rome, 26;
on Servian tribes, 51, 52-4;
centuriate system, 67, 85.
Fabius Pictor, Q., praetor (189), trial of, 327 f.
Fabius Rullianus, Q., alters tribes, 64.
Fabri (mechanics, sappers, workmen), 66, 67, n. 3, 68, 81;
assigned to classes, 205 f.;
after reform, 226.
Family law, changes in, 339 f., 352.
Fasti, read in comitia calata, 154 f.;
dies, 471 f.;
Clodian law on, 445.
Faucia (curia), 11, n. 7;
ill-omened, 112.
Ferentarii, 80, n. 5.
Festivals, regulated by law, 340 f.
Fetialis, 176, 265.
Finance, legislation on, 297 f., 310 f., 335-7, 351 f., 392, 403, 422, 438.
Fines, appealed to tribes, 259, 269, 286 f., 292, 317 ff., 344.
Flamen, curial, 10;
Dialis, 203, n. 7.
Flaminian, era, 333-46;
Circus, 465;
Meadow, 465.
Flaminius, C., and curiate law, 191;
monetary law of, 191 f., 336;
censor, 213;
era of, 333-46;
agrarian law, 334 f.;
supports Claudian law, 335;
influences legislation, 337 f., 343;
assigns libertini to city tribes, 355;
energizes comitia, 343, 475.
Flavius, M., trial of, 291.
Fordicidia, 9.
Foreign affairs, administered by senate, 273;
then fell partly to comitia tributa, 303;
laws on, 349 f.
Forgery, 420.
Foriensis (curia), 11.
Formiani, Fundani, etc., receive suffrage, 352.
Formulae, legal, 464.
Fornacalia, 9, 11, n. 8.
Forum, assembly in, 267, 327, 431, 439, n. 15, 465.
Fowler, W. W., on lex Scantinia, 357, n. 13;
reëlection of tribune, 369, n. 4;
Sempronian lex iudiciaria, 374, n. 7.
Freedmen, see Libertini.
Fregellae, revolt of, 255.
Fröhlich, on Sulpicius, 405, n. 2;
Cornelian-Pompeian law, 406, n. 6;
lex Cornelia de tribunicia potestate, 414.
Frumentations, 372 f., 395, 398, 401;
abolished by Sulla, 422;
restored by Lepidus, 423, n. 8;
further legislation on, 424, n. 5, 444 f.;
curtailed by Caesar, 453;
under lex municipalis, 456.
Fulvius, Cn., praetor (212), trial of, 249 f.
Fundus populus factus, 401, n. 8.
Furius, L., past consul, trial of, 268.
Furius, P., tribune (98), 257, n. 5, 323.
Furius Camillus, M., and equestrian fund, 94;
dictator, 202;
trial of, 244 f., 288, 290.
Furtum (theft), 339, n. 5;
prosecution for, 321;
under lex Hostilia, 337, n. 5;
Plautia, 424;
see Peculatus.
Gabinius, A., tribune (67), 429 f., 432 f.
Gabinius, Q., tribune (139), 359.
Gabinus ager, 108.
Gades, receives citizenship, 454.
Galeria iuniorum, 217.
Genera, identified with gentes, 12.
Gens, meaning family, lineage, 30 f., 102.
Gentes, 11-13;
unconnected with curiate system, 13;
social composition of, 28-31;
defined by Scaevola, 28, n. 7;
maiores et minores, 35 f.;
origin of patrician, 37, n. 4;
relatively late, 48, n. 2;
common land of, 49;
relation to rural tribes, 35, 50, 55, n. 1;
in war, 78, n. 6.
Gentiles, Gentilitas, 28, n. 7, 29, 30.
Gifts, leges Publicia and Cincia on, 338 f.
Governors, provincial, of the Spains, 346 f.;
under Porcian laws, 349;
Sempronian, 374, 381 f.;
Acilian, 376 f.;
Julian, 442, 456.
Gracchi, see Sempronius.
Grain, see Frumentations.
Greenidge, on social classes, 38, n. 2.
Guilds, see Collegia.
Hackel, on lex Iulia municipalis, 457, n. 5.
Heredium, 49.
Herennius, tribune (60), 162, 438.
Hernicans, receive civitas sine suffragio, 305.
Herzog, on curiate law, 183, n. 5;
Sulpicius, 405, n. 2.
Ἑταιρεία, 8, n. 6.
Holidays, non-comitial, 116.
Horatius, trial of for perduellio, 121.
Hornblowers, in centuriate system, 66.
Horsemen, see Equites.
Hortensius, Q., dictator (287), 313.
Hosticus ager, 108.
Hostilius Tubulus, L., trial of (141), 255, n. 1.
Huschke, on Servian tribes, 51;
ratings, 86;
reformed comitia centuriata, 219.
Ihne, on trial of Opimius, 256 f.;
popular interference with censors, 351, n. 5;
policy of Marius, 389;
Sulpicius, 405, n. 2.
Imperium, true (iustum), 102 f., 187, n. 7;
confirmed by curiate law, 188;
granted by comitia, 188, n. 2;
by senate, 191, 284;
transition of without curiate law, 196 f.;
promagisterial, 305;
abrogated, 324, n. 1, 342, 360, 367, 390, 404, 409;
limited by Porcian laws, 349;
regulated by Sulla, 417.
Impetrativa, impetrita (auspicia), 100, 103-11;
relation of to oblativa, 112.
Inaugurare sacerdotes, 106.
Inaugurations, in comitia calata, 155 f.
Incertus ager, 108.
Incest, prosecution for, 326.
Index legis, 462.
Ingenuus, 20 f., 36;
son of libertinus becomes, 355.
Instauraticius dies, creation of by law, 308 f.
Intercession, see Veto.
Interdict, decreed by tribes, 249, 256, 257, n. 5, 267, 446.
Interregnum, 183.
Interrex, appointment of, 102;
auspices, 103;
presidency of contio, 140;
right of public speech, 145, n. 4;
nominates king, 183;
lacks curiate sanction, 191;
presides over curiae and centuries, 236, 412, 468, 469.
Italians, benefit by Sempronian agrarian law, 364;
revolt of, 397, 401;
receive citizenship, 401 f.;
dissatisfied, 403;
equalized with Romans, 409.
Iubere, in legislation, 179.
Iudices (jurors), originally from senate, 345, 358, 374;
from knights under
leges Sempronia and Acilia, 374 f.;
qualifications of under lex Cornelia, 419;
Aurelia, 427;
Licinia and Pompeia, 448;
Antonia, 458;
punished for bribery, 442.
Ius agendi cum populo, 465.
Ius gentium, violation of, 246.
Ius pontificum, 181.
Ius sententiae dicendae, 391.
Iussus populi, 180, n. 7.
Iustitium, 401;
defined, 404, n. 6.
Iustum auspicium, imperium, 102 f.
Janiculum, garrison and flag on, 203, n. 2, 258, 469;
secession to, 313.
Judicial process, in contio, 142, 143;
in comitia, 259 f.;
choice as to assembly, 287;
ballot in, 359.
Jugurtha, 390.
Julius Caesar, C., usage as to comitia and concilium, 125;
creates patricians, 164, 456;
uses centuriate and tribal assemblies, 236;
threatened with prosecution, 324;
supports Licinius Macer, 426;
Manilian rogation, 434;
consul (59), 438-44;
affected by Pompeian laws, 449;
dictator (49-44), 451-7;
adds 10 days to year, 471.
Julius Caesar, C., consul (64), usage as to contio, 125 f.
Julius Caesar Octavianus, creates patricians, 164, 460;
triumvir, 459 f.
Juniors, in centuriate system, 66, 68, 81 ff.;
number of, 84, 205;
after reform, 216.
Junius, L., consul (249), trial of, 248.
Junius Silanus, M., prosecution of (103), 323.
Juno, Curis, 8, n. 5, 9;
Moneta, 2, n. 6.
Junonia, colonization of, 383, 385.
Jupiter, auspices of, 100, 103;
victim to, 264, 274;
feast of, 347;
oath by, 380.
Jurisdiction, of king, 182;
comitia centuriata, 239-61, 315;
tributa, 264-9, 280, 286-92, 317-29.
Jurors, see Iudices.
Juventus Thalna, M., tribal lex de bello indicendo of, 231.
Kalumniator, 400.
Kaput legis, 463, n. 6.
Κήρυκες, 153, n. 3.
King, auspices of, 103;
presidency of contio, 140;
of comitia calata, 154;
curiata, 173 ff.;
right to address people, 145, 173;
as legislator, 177 f.;
irresponsible, 180;
powers of, 181;
jurisdiction, 182;
election, 182-4, 189 f.;
declares war, 175 f., 181, 230.
Klebs, on reformed comitia centuriata, 223, 225.
Knights, see Equites.
Kornemann, on lex Scantinia, 357, n. 13.
Laelius Felix, defines comitia and concilium, 119;
not in accord with Livy, 119-25;
view of rejected, 131;
error explained, 137.
Laelius Sapiens, C., prosecution of, 322;
agrarian rogation of, 360 f.
Laetorius Mergus, L. or M., trial of, 247.
Land, see Ager.
Lange, on obnuntiatio, 117;
early legislation, 181, n. 9;
transitio imperii, 183, n. 5, 197, n. 4;
comitia centuriata, 201, n. 4;
reform of, 224 f.;
validity of plebiscite, 278, n. 2;
right of dedication, 309;
lex Appuleia de maiestate, 394, n. 5;
lex Antia, 428;
principium, 466, n. 3.
Lanuvium, curiae in, 8, n. 5.
Latins, rights of, 63;
benefit by Sempronian agrarian law, 364;
proposal to grant citizenship to, 383;
receive citizenship, 401 f.;
limited suffrage, 466, n. 2.
Lator legis, 462, n. 2.
Laurentum, 2, n. 6, 3, n. 1.
Lauretum, 2, n. 6.
Lavinium, Tities in, 4, n. 3.
Law, divine, 177;
human, 178;
sovereignty of, 308;
see Legislation, Lex.
Legion, instituted, 68, 84;
early republican, 75 ff.
Leges, composition and preservation of, 462-5;
imperfectae, etc., 463;
centuriate, consular, etc., n. 8;
provisions to secure validity of, 464;
annulment by senate, 107.
Legislation, regal, 177-82, 230;
centuriate, 230-9;
tribal, pre-decemviral, 269-74;
pre-Hortensian, 292-316;
from Hortensius to Gracchi, 330-362;
from Gracchi to Sulla, 303-411;
late republican, 412-61;
freed from obnuntiatio, 117, 445;
process of, 178 f., 465-70;
provided for by Twelve Tables, 233 f., 307, 368, 464, 474;
senatorial, 273;
transferred to tribes, 316;
to centuries, 406-8;
ballot in, 369;
fields of: administrative, 238, 306 f.;
agrarian, 238, 265, n. 4, 272, 334, 363-7, 373 f., 385-7, 392, 395, 400, 403, 435 f., 438-41, 458;
colonial, 311, 350, 382 f., 393 ff., 457 f.;
financial, 310 f., 335-7, 351 f., 392, 403, 422, 438;
frumentarian, 372 f., 395, 401, 423, n. 8, 444;
judiciary, 358, 374-6, 402 f., 419, 424, 427 f., 442, 448, 455 f., 458 f.;
religious, 238, 295, n. 6, 308 f., 340, 358 f., 391 f., 435;
sumptuary, 337 f., 356, 388, n. 9, 423, 428, 448, 455 f.
Legum dictio, 110, 179, n. 7.
Lengle, on lex Cornelia Pompeia (88), 407, n. 2.
Lentus, L., consul (156), trial of, 255, n. 1.
Lex, meaning of word, 179;
data and rogata, 180.
Lex alearia, (before 204), 337.
— auspical, 110.
— centuriata de potestate, 185.
— Coloniae Genetivae, 453, n. 4.
— curiata de imperio, 31, 32, 112, 180, n. 7;
formula of, 183, 188;
sanctioning, 184;
Messala on, 185 f.;
dispensations from, 186, 190, 195, 199;
subject to veto, 187;
confirms imperium, 188;
functions performed without, 191;
lack of in 49 B.C., 192, 194 f.;
one annually, 195;
becomes formality, 196 f.;
revived by optimates, 198;
strengthened by Sulla, 199;
de potestate, 190.
— lenonia, 338, n. 5.
Leges regiae, 181.
Lex sacrata, so-called Icilian, 233, 272 f.;
on tribunes, 264;
meaning of, 264 f.;
mitigation of, 266;
renewed by Valerius and Horatius, 274;
list of leges s., 265, n. 1;
on centuriate trials, 268, n. 6.
— satura, 396, 399.
— de bello indicendo, 231.
— de imperio, for triumphs, 334 f.;
Vespasiani, 464, n. 5;
see Lex curiata.
— on driving nail, 238.
— found at Ateste, 454, n. 3.
— granting citizenship to priestesses of Ceres, 353.
— creating dictatorship (501), 233.
— instituting tribuni militum consulari potestate (445), 234, 294.
— creating censors (443?), 234.
— appointing prefect of market (440), 295, 305, n. 5.
— on presenting crown to Jupiter (437), 295, n. 6.
— on garments of candidates (432), 295.
— increasing quaestors (421), 234.
— creating special murder court (414), 253, 295.
— as to residence on Capitoline hill (384), 295.
— creating praetorship (367), 234.
— creating curule aedileship (367), 234.
— for election of 6 military tribunes (362), 234.
— prohibiting comitia away from city (357), 297.
— preparing for war (356), 297, n. 5.
— granting triumph (356), 297, n. 5.
— on interest and debts (347), 298.
— granting citizenship to Privernates (329), 304 f.
— creating promagistracy (t. 327), 305.
— sending prefects to Capua (318), 306.
— on dedication of temples, etc. (304), 309.
— dispensing Q. Fabius from law (t. 298), 308.
— creating triumviri coloniis deducendis (296), 311.
— prolonging imperium (t. 295), 305.
— granting Etruria to Fabius (295), 305 f.
— on imperium of consul Q. Fabius (292), 289, 306.
— creating special court (270), 254.
— doubling number of quaestors (267), 332.
— forbidding reëlection to censorship (265), 332.
— instituting second praetor (242), 332.
— granting privilege of riding (241), 332.
— instituting 2 praetors (227), 341 f.
— granting triumph (t. 223), 334.
— on intermarriage of kin (241-219), 339 f.
— on Sacred Spring (t. 217), 340.
— dispensing consulars from law (t. 217), 343.
— granting citizenship to Campanian knights (215), 340.
— for election of pontifex maximus (before 212), 341;
for election of chief curio (before 209), 341.
— creating 3 administrative boards (t. 212), 337.
— on Campanian vectigalia (210), 337.
— granting citizenship (t. 210), 353, n. 7.
— for election of 24 military tribunes (207), 342.
— dispensing C. Servilius from law (t. 203), 343, n. 2.
— permitting oath by proxy (t. 200), 343, n. 2.
— on qualification of plebeian tribunes and aediles (Flaminian era), 342 f.
— increasing praetors to 6 (198), 346.
— on triumphs (after 180), 350.
— forbidding reëlection of consul (151), 348;
dispensation from, 360;
repealed by Sulla, 415.
Leges, dispensing Scipio Aemilianus from laws (t. 148, 135), 360.
Lex, assigning seats to equites at theatre (t. 146?), 357.
— abrogating proconsular imperium (136), 360.
— granting Asia as province (t. 131), 381, n. 5.
— on qualifications of senators (t. about 129), 369 f.
— permitting reëlection of tribune (t. before 123), 369, 371.
— agraria, amending Sempronian law (t. not after 118), 385.
— founding Narbo Martius, 386, n. 1.
Leges, repealing Sempronian law on military service (about 115), 388 f.
Lex, on dedication of Capitoline temple (78), 341, n. 1.
— on vectigalia (75), 424.
— appointing decemviri for regulating Asia (t. 67), 433.
— dispensing Caesar from law (t. 52), 449.
— granting citizenship to Gades (49), 454.
Leges, recalling certain exiles (p. and t. 49), 454.
Lex, granting Caesar triumph over Juba (48), 335, n. 2.
Leges, conferring powers on Caesar (48-45), 451 f.
Lex, for founding Colonia Genetiva (t. 44), 453, n. 4.
Lex (?), for building temple to Isis (43), 459.
Lex, honoring triumviri (43), 459.
— on birthday of Caesar (42), 457, n. 7.
— granting lictors to Vestals (42), 459, n. 5.
Leges, honoring Octavia, Octavianus, and Livia (t. 35), 459 f.
Leges whose authors are given:
Lex Acilia de intercalatione (c. 191), 358.
— Acilia repetundarum (t. 122), 375-8.
— Acilia Calpurnia de ambitu (c. 67), 431;
amended by Cicero, 436.
— Acilia Minucia, on peace with Carthage (t. 201), 344, n. 7.
— Acilia Rubria, on worship of Jupiter (t. 122), 384, n. 4.
— Aebutia, on legis actio, 339, n. 5.
Leges Aebutia et Licinia, on qualifications of candidates (t. after 194), 347 f.
Lex Aelia, colonial (t. 194), 350.
Leges Aelia et Fufia (t. about 150), 116 f., 358 f.;
amended by lex Clodia, 116 f., 445;
and curiate law, 198;
relation to tribunician comitia, 280.
Lex Aemilia, on censorship (d. 443), 237.
— Aemilia de libertinorum suffragiis (c. 115), 388;
Sumptuaria, n. 9.
— Aemilia frumentaria (c. 78), 423, n. 1, 444, n. 6.
— Aemilia, for naming Caesar dictator (p. 49), 450.
— Antia sumptuaria (t. 70?), 428.
— Antistia, on punishment of Satricans (t. 319), 310;
serves as precedent, 340.
— Antonia de Termessibus (t. 71), 425.
— Antonia, on children of proscribed (t. 49), 453 f.;
colonial (c. 44), 237, 453, n. 4, 457 f.;
iudiciaria, 458;
establishing appeal from quaestiones, 458 f.;
abolishing dictatorship, 237, 459;
a l. sacrata, 265, n. 1;
leges honoring Caesar, 452 n. 4;
lex confirming acts of Caesar, 457.
— Antonia, on elections (t. 45), 454 f.;
agraria (t. 44), 458.
— Antonia Tullia de ambitu (c. 63), 436 f.
— Appuleia agraria (t. 100), 395;
colonial (t. 103, 100), 393 ff.;
frumentaria (t. 100), 395, 444, n. 6;
de maiestate, 394, 400;
de sponsu (103, 100?), 298, n. 1, 394, n. 5;
interdicting Metellus (t. 100), 257, n. 5, 395 f.
— Aquilia de damno (t. 287?), 332 f.
— Aternia Tarpeia de multae dictione (c. 454), 233, 269.
— Atia, on election of sacerdotes (t. 63), 416, n. 6, 435.
— Atia Ampia, honoring Pompey (t. 63), 435, n. 2.
— Atilia, appointing special court (t. 210), 254, 340.
— Atilia, on appointing tutors (242-186), 340.
— Atilia Furia, for surrendering Mancinus (c. 136), 350.
— Atilia Marcia, for electing 16 military tribunes (t. 311), 306.
— Atinia, on stolen property (214?), 339, n. 5.
— Atinia, for founding colonies (t. 197), 350.
— Atinia, on right of tribunes to senatorship (t. 122-102), 391.
— Atinia Marcia, on treaty with Macedon (t. 196), 349.
— Aufidia, on importing wild beasts (t. 170), 356.
— Aurelia, amending Cornelian law on tribunate (c. 75), 423 f.;
de iudiciis privatis, 424.
— Aurelia iudiciaria (p. 70), 427, 448.
— Baebia, colonial (t. 194), 350.
— Baebia, on praetors (c. 181), 346.
— Bantina, Latin, 370, n. 3, 379 f.
— Boria (?) agraria (t. 118), 385.
— Caecilia, appointing special court (154), 255.
— Caecilia, abolishing vectigalia (p. 60), 438;
repealed by Caesar, 457, n. 6.
— Caecilia, repealing lex Clodia on censorial stigma (c. 52), 450, n. 2.
— Caecilia Cornelia, recalling Cicero (c. 57), 114, n. 7, 143, 446;
on cura annonae, 446.
— Caecilia Didia, on rogations (c. 98), 396 f.;
amended, 438, n. 2.
— Caelia tabellaria (t. 107), 253, 390.
— Calidia, recalling Metellus (t. 98), 396, n. 1.
— Calpurnia, for recovery of property, 339, n. 5.
— Calpurnia repetundarum (t. 149), 358.
— Calpurnia, recalling Popillius (t. 120), 388.
— Calpurnia, granting citizenship (t. 89), 57, n. 5, 58, 402.
— Calpurnia Acilia de ambitu (c. 67), 431.
— Canuleia, on conubium (t. 445), 294.
— Carvilia, legalizing voluntary exile (t. 212), 249.
— Cassia tabellaria (t. 137), 253, 359.
— Cassia, on qualifications of senators (t. 104), 390 f.
— Cassia, for creating patricians (t. 45), 164, 456.
— Cassia Terentia frumentaria (c. 73), 424, n. 5, 444, n. 6.
— Cincia, on gifts (t. 204), 339.
— Claudia, on senatorial qualifications and contracts (t. 219), 335, 370.
— Claudia, for expulsion of Latins (c. 177), 354.
— Clodia, monetary (104?), 392.
— Clodia, frumentaria (t. 58), 444 f.;
de collegiis, 445;
amended, 447 f., 457, n. 6;
on secretaries of quaestors, 445;
on censorial stigma, 445;
repealed, 450, n. 2;
amending Aelian and Fufian laws, 116 f., 445;
de provocatione, 445 f.;
interdicting Cicero, 115, n. 1, 127, 446;
leges on minor subjects, 446, n. 1.
— Cornelia, on gambling, 337, n. 6.
— Cornelia (?), outlawing Marius and others (88), 405.
— Cornelia, repealing Cornelian-Pompeian laws (Cinna, c. 87), 409.
— Cornelia (?), recalling exiles (c. or t. 87), 409.
— Cornelia, de tribunicia potestate (d. 82), 236 f., 413 f., 418;
repealed, 423 f., 426 f.;
violated by Opimius, 425 f.;
de maiestate (81), 415-7;
on praetors, 416;
on quaestors, 415 f.;
de sacerdotibus, 416 f.;
de provinciis ordinandis, 417 f.;
iudiciaria, 419;
de adulteriis et pudicitia, alleged, 420, n. 6, 423, n. 6;
de proscriptione, 421;
de civitate Volaterranis adimenda, 236, 422;
on debts, 422;
de sponsu (?), 422, n. 13;
instituting ludi Victoriae, 422 f.;
sumptuaria, 423;
leges, criminal, 419-21;
on quaestio inter sicarios, 378;
amended, 448;
agrariae (82, 81), 421 f.;
lex on return of Pompey (80), 335, n. 2.
— Cornelia, on collecting certain moneys (Lentulus, c. 72), 424.
— Cornelia, on edicts of praetors (t. 67), 431 f.;
on dispensations, 430 f.
— Cornelia Baebia de ambitu (c. 181), 348.
— Cornelia Caecilia, recalling Cicero (c. 57), 446;
de cura annonae, 446.
— Cornelia Fulvia de ambitu (c. 159), 348.
— Cornelia Gellia, on granting citizenship (c. 72), 424, n. 6.
— Cornelia Pompeia, on assemblies (c. 88), 277, n. 4, 406-8;
on rogations, 406, 407;
colonial, 408;
unciaria, 408.
— Crepereia, on legis actio, 339, n. 5.
— Decia, on duumviri navales (t. 311), 306.
— Didia cibaria (p. or t. 143), 356.
— Domitia, on election of sacerdotes (t. 103), 391 f.;
repealed by Sulla, 416;
renewed, 435.
— Duillia, on appeal (t. 449), 241, 292.
— Duillia Menenia, on interest (t. 357), 297.
— Duronia, sumptuaria (t. before 97), 388, n. 9, 423.
— Fabia de plagiariis (c. 209 or 183?), 357.
— Fabia de numero sectatorum (t. 66), 431, n. 6.
— Falcidia testamentaria (t. 40), 459.
— Fannia cibaria (c. 161), 356.
— Flaminia, agraria (t. 232), 334;
monetary (c. 217), 336.
— Flavia, on punishing Tusculans (t. 323), 310.
— Fufia de religione (t. 61), 438, n. 3.
— Fufia, on voting in quaestiones (p. 59), 443.
Leges Fufia et Aelia (t. about 150), 116 f., 198, 280, 358, 445.
— Furia de sponsu, 298, n. 1.
Lex Furia testamentaria (203-170?), 352, n. 5, 463, n. 8.
— Furia (?), instituting prefects for Capua (318), 306, n. 6.
— Furia, on conspiracy (t. 99), 396, n. 2.
— Furia Atilia, surrendering Mancinus (c. 136), 350.
— Furia Quinctia, arbitrating between Ardea and Aricia (c. 446), 294 f.
— Gabinia tabellaria (t. 139), 359.
— Gabina, on secret meetings (t. 186 or 139?), 357.
— Gabinia, on loans to provincials (t. 67), 429;
on sessions of senate, 429;
granting imperium to Pompey, 432 f.
— Genucia (t. 342), 298 f.;
article of on consulship, 238;
on reëlections, often violated, 307 f.;
dispensations from, 307 f., 343;
renewed by Sulla, 415.
— Glitia testamentaria, 459, n. 7.
— Graccana, 383, n. 1.
— Helvia, abrogating tribunicia potestas (t. 44), 455;
on wives of Caesar, 452.
— Hirtia, on partisans of Pompey (t. 48?), 451, n. 2.
— Horatia, honoring Gaia Taracia, 146, n. 7.
— Hortensia (d. 287), 234, 312-6;
epoch-making in social history, 16;
effect on comitia centuriata, 137;
for relief of debtors, 235;
on plebi scita, 236, 269, 330, 475;
on tribunician jurisdiction, 247 f., 270;
on veto, 270.
— Hostilia, on prosecutions for theft, 377, n. 5.
— Icilia agraria, so called (456), 238;
sacrata, 265, n. 1, 272 f.
— Icilia, granting amnesty to seceders (t. 449), 292;
granting triumph, 293.
— Iulia, granting citizenship (c. 90), 57, n. 7, 10, 401 f.
— Iulia, on dedication of Capitoline temple (p. 62), 341, n. 1;
agraria (c. 59), 145, n. 3, 148, 438-41;
relieving publicans, 441;
repetundarum, 441 f.;
dispensation from, 447;
attempt to amend, 448;
confirming acts of Pompey, 443;
on Ptolemy, 443;
curiata, arrogating Clodius (pont. max.), 443;
on debts (d. 49), 452;
de bonorum cessione (?), 452, n. 7;
on rents (47), 452 f.;
creating 2 praetors, 454;
iudiciaria (46), 455;
de maiestate, 455;
de vi, 455;
sumptuaria, 455 f.;
de provinciis, 456;
municipalis, 456 f.;
colonial (45), 453;
de Siculis, alleged (44), 454, n. 4.
— Iulia, on rents (Octavianus, 41), 459;
on conubium of libertini (18), 354, n. 8.
— Iulia Papiria de multarum aestimatione (c. 430), 234, 287.
— Iunia repetundarum (t. 126), 370, 376, 379;
for expelling aliens, 370.
— Iunia, on military pay (c. 109), 392.
— Iunia, colonial (t. 83), 410.
— Iunia Licinia, on filing statutes (c. 62), 437 f.
— Licinia, on games (p. 208), 341, n. 2.
— Licinia, instituting epulones (t. 196), 347.
— Licinia sumptuaria (p. or t. before 97), 388, n. 9, 423.
— Licinia de sodaliciis (c. 55), 447 f.
Leges Licinia et Aebutia, on qualifications of candidates (t. after 194), 347 f.
Lex Licinia Cassia, on appointment of tribuni militum (c. 171), 342, n. 2.
— Licinia Iunia, on filing statutes (c. 62), 437 f.
— Licinia Mucia, on aliens (c. 95), 397.
— Licinia Pompeia de tribunicia potestate (c. 70), 426 f.;
prolonging Caesar’s command (55), 447.
Leges Licinia Sextia (t. 368, 367), 120, 295 f.;
article of on consulship, 237 f.;
relieving debtors, 238;
on pasturage, 291;
violations of, 291, 311, 325, 363;
limiting occupation of land, 291, 310;
amended, 334, n. 1, 363, n. 4.
Lex Licinnia de actione communi dividundo, 339, n. 5.
— Livia, on organization of Africa (t. 146), 349.
— Livia, colonial (t. 122), 383 f., 397;
on Latins, 252, 383.
— Livia agraria, frumentaria, etc. (t. 91), 397-400.
— Lucretia, on Campanian vectigalia (t. 172), 351, n. 5.
— Maenia, on ludi Romani (c. 338), 308 f.
— Maenia, on patrum auctoritas (t. 287?), 230, 331.
— Maenia, on dowries (188?), 352.
— Maenia Sextia de multae dictione (c. 452), 233.
— Maevia, on Asiatic affairs (about 189), 349. n. 5.
— Mamilia, on arbitri (c. 239?), 332, n. 9.
— Mamilia, appointing special court (t. 109), 390.
— Mamilia, Roscia, etc. (t. 55?), 441, n. 1.
— Manilia, on libertini (t. 67), 433;
granting imperium to Pompey (66), 433 f.
— Manlia, on manumission of slaves (c. 357), 202, 297.
— Manlia, granting Numidia as province (t. 107), 381, n. 5.
— Marcia, on usurers (c. 352?), 298, n. 1.
— Marcia, appointing special court (t. 172), 255, n. 1.
— Marcia Atinia, on treaty with Macedon (t. 196), 349.
— Marcia Porcia, on triumphs (t. 62), 438.
— Maria, on pontes (t. 119), 389.
— Memmia de incestu (t. 111), 377, n. 5, 390, n. 4.
— Metilia, on master of horse (t. 217), 342;
on fulling cloth, 338.
— Minicia, on children of mixed parentage, 354, n. 2.
— Minucia, instituting triumviri mensarii (t. 216), 336 f.
— Minucia, repealing Rubrian colonial law (t. 121), 385.
— Mucia, appointing special court (t. 141), 255, n. 1.
— Munatia, pardoning certain persons (c. 42), 459. n. 5.
— Norbana, appointing special court (t. 104), 390.
— Octavia frumentaria (about 90), 401.
— Ogulnia, on sacerdotes (t. 300), 102, 166, n. 7, 307, 309.
— Oppia, on luxury of women (t. 215), 338;
repealed, 356.
— Orchia cibaria (t. 181), 356.
— Ovinia, on senators (t. 339-312), 164, 307, 335.
— Papia de Vestalium lectione (t. 65?), 156, n. 7, 434;
expelling aliens, 434.
— Papiria, on viatores of aediles, 290, n. 4.
— Papiria, granting citizenship (p. 332), 304.
— Papiria, on dedications (t. after 304), 309.
— Papiria, on triumviri capitales (t. after 242), 332.
— Papiria tabellaria (t. 131), 369, 371.
— Papiria, monetary (t. 89), 91, 403.
— Pedia, appointing special court (c. 43), 457, n. 7.
— Peducaea, appointing special court (t. 113), 390.
— Pesolania, on injury done by dogs, 332, n. 9.
— Petillia, appointing special court (t. 185), 255, n. 1, 319, n. 7.
— Pinaria, on appointment of judge, 339, n. 5.
— Pinaria annalis (p. 182?), 347, n. 3.
— Pinaria Furia de intercalatione (c. 472), 238.
— Plaetoria, on urban praetor (after 227), 342, n. 1.
— Plaetoria, on cura of young men (before 192), 340.
— Plaetoria, appointing duumviri aedi dedicandae (151?), 347, n. 2.
— Plautia iudiciaria (t. 89), 401, n. 3, 402 f., 427;
probably repealed, 409, n. 1;
agraria, 403.
— Plautia de vi (t. 78-77), 424.
— Plautia, recalling exiles (t. 73?), 424.
— Plautia Papiria, granting citizenship (t. 89), 57, n. 10, 353, n. 9, 402.
— Poetelia de ambitu (t. 358), 296 f.
— Poetelia, on slavery for debt (c. or d. 326 or 313), 310.
— Pompeia, granting citizenship (c. 89), 402.
— Pompeia iudiciaria (c. 55), 448;
de parricidio, 448;
de ambitu (52), 448, 454;
de provinciis, 449;
de iure magistratuum, 449;
excepting certain persons from law, 449.
— Pompeia Licinia de tribunicia potestate (c. 70), 426 f.;
prolonging Caesar’s command (55), 447, 449.
— Poplicia, granting burial place, 342, n. 8.
Leges Porciae de provocatione (198-184?), 250-3, 256, 349.
Lex Porcia de sumptu provinciali (c. 195), 349;
on provincial governors (177?), 349.
— Porcia, on interest (c. 118?), 392.
— Porcia Marcia, on triumphs (t. 62), 438.
— Publicia, on gambling, 337, n. 6.
— Publicia, on gifts at saturnalia (t. 209), 338;
rogatio for abrogating proconsular imperium, 342.
— Publilia de sponsu, 298, n. 1.
— Publilia, so-called (471), 196, 233, 270-2;
does not exclude patricians, 262, n. 2, 271;
confused with L. Publilia Philonis, 300.
— Publilia (d. 339), 299-302;
article of on patrum auctoritas, 235;
on plebiscita, 236;
on consuls, 237;
excludes patricians, 262, n. 2, 276 f.;
relation to Valerian-Horatian laws, 300.
— Pupia, on sessions of senate (p. 71), 424 f.;
amended, 429.
— Quinctia de aquaeductibus (c. 9), 462.
— Quinctia Furia, arbitrating between Ardea and Aricia (c. 446), 294 f.
— Remmia de calumniatoribus (91?), 400.
— Roscia theatralis (t. 67), 357, n. 2, 428 f.
— Roscia, granting citizenship to Transpadani (p. 49), 454.
— Rubria de Gallia Cisalpina, so-called, 454, n. 3.
— Rubria, for founding Junonia (t. 123), 383.
— Rufrena, honoring Caesar (42), 457, n. 7.
— Rutilia, on military tribunes (169), 349, n. 1.
— Saenia, for creating patricians (c. 30), 164, n. 6, 460.
— Saufeia agraria (t. 91), 400.
— Scribonia de usucapione servitutum (c. 76 or t. 50), 424, n. 4, 450, n. 2.
— Scantinia, on violation of ingenui, 357.
— Sempronia, for dedication of temple (c. 215), 341, n. 1.
— Sempronia, on loans (t. 193), 351 f.
— Sempronia de imperio (t. 167), 335, n. 2, 349, n. 1.
— Sempronia agraria (t. 133), 363-7, 371;
abrogating potestas of colleague, 366, 367 f., 391.
— Sempronia de provocatione (t. 123), 355 f., 371;
frumentaria, 372 f., 444;
agraria, 372, 373 f.;
on taxation of Asia, 380 f.;
on consular provinces, 381;
repealed, 449;
on military service, 382, 389;
colonial, 382 f.;
viaria (?), 373;
iudiciaria (122), 374-6;
on murder and poisoning, 378.
— Servilia repetundarum (t. 111?), 393.
— Servilia, on qualifications of iudices (c. 106), 388.
— Sestia or Sextia, instituting Decemvirate (c. 452), 233, 273.
— Silia, on legis actio per condictionem, 339. n. 5.
— Silia, on weights and measures (t. Flaminian era), 337 f.
— Sulpicia, on various subjects (t. 88), 404 f.;
article of on new citizens, 58;
on transferring command to Marius, 381, n. 5.
— Terentia, on sons of libertini (t. 189), 355.
— Terentilia, 120.
— Thoria agraria (t. 111), 386 f.
— Titia, on gambling, 337, n. 6.
— Titia, on questorian provinces (267?), 332. n. 3.
— Titia agraria (t. 99), 396;
criminal (99?), 396, n. 5.
— Titia, abrogating potestas of colleague (t. 43), 455, n. 3.
— Trebonia, on tribunician elections (t. 448 or 401), 285 f., 294.
— Trebonia, granting provinces (t. 55), 447.
— Tullia, on free legations (c. 63), 437.
— Tullia Antonia de ambitu (c. 63), 436 f.;
article of renewed, 449.
— Valeria de provocatione (c. 509), 232 f., 240, 473 f.;
a l. sacrata, 265, n. 1;
granting building lot to proposer, 238, n. 3.
— Valeria (d. 342), 234 f.;
abolishing debts, 238, 298;
a l. sacrata, 265, n. 1.
— Valeria de provocatione (300), 233, 234, 242, 250;
relation of to Porcian laws, 252 f.
— Valeria, repealing Oppian law (t. 195), 356.
— Valeria, granting suffragium (t. 188), 352.
— Valeria, granting citizenship to priestesses of Ceres (p. 98), 353, n. 5.
— Valeria, on debts (c. 86), 409 f.;
repealed, 422.
— Valeria, appointing Sulla dictator (interrex, 82), 236, 412, 421.
— Valeria Horatia (c. 449), 234, 274-80, 474;
de provocatione, 233, 241;
a l. sacrata, 265, n. 1;
violated by rogatio Servilia, 259;
on oath of plebs, 264, n. 7;
bearing on tribunician jurisdiction, 270, 280;
on sanctity of plebeian officials, 274;
on plebiscita, 274-8.
— Valeria Marcia, instituting bank (c. 352), 297 f.
— Varia de maiestate (t. 90), 400 f.
— Vatinia iudiciaria (t. 59), 442;
colonial, 440, n. 8;
granting provinces to Caesar, 443 f.;
leges on foreign affairs, 443, n. 6.
Leges Vibiae, confirming acts of Caesar (c. 43), 237, 457, n. 7, 458, n. 2;
abolishing dictatorship, 459, n. 2.
Lex Villia annalis (t. 180), 347;
renewed by Sulla, 415.
— Visellia de curatoribus Viarum (before 71), 424, n. 6.
— Voconia, on inheritance (t. 169), 72, n. 2, 85, 90, 352.
Levy, obstruction of, 272, 273, 279.
Liber and Libera, forfeiture of estates to, 274.
Libertini, class of clients, 22;
enrolment in tribes, 58, 354;
deterioration of status, 354 f.;
lex Terentia on, 355;
l. Sulpicia on, 404.
Licinius Crassus, M., consul (70), 426 f.;
triumvir, 441;
second consulship (50), 447 f.
Licinius Macer, tribune (73), 426.
Licinius Stolo, C., trial of (357), 291.
Lictors, curial, 10, 154, 468;
curiate sanction, 189, n. 2;
cast votes of curiae, 196, 198, 199;
magisterial, 150;
granted to Vestals, 459, n. 5.
Liticines, in comitia centuriata, 206, 226.
Lituus, 468.
Livius Drusus, M., tribune (122), 252, 383.
Livius Drusus, M., tribune (91), 397-400.
Livius Salinator, M., trial of (218), 317 f.
Livy, on early Roman history, 25, n. 3, 26;
centuriate system, 66 f.;
comitia and concilium, 119-25;
patricians in tribal assembly, 275;
agrees with Fabius Pictor, 293, n. 3.
Locupletes, 61.
Lucerenses, 74.
Luceres, 3, 74;
in Ardea, 4, n. 3.
Lucerus, in Ardea, 4, n. 3.
Lucilius (Licinius?), hurled from Tarpeian Rock, 257, n. 5.
Lucretius, C., praetor (171), prosecution of, 321.
Ludi, Romani, 308;
Victoriae, 422 f.
Lusitanians, rogation on, 349 f.
Lustrum, 204.
Lutatius Catulus, Q., prosecution of (87), 257, n. 5.
Lycurgus, 177.
Magic, prosecution for, 325.
Magistracy, bestowed by curiate law, 185 f.
Magistrates, patrician, 103, 263;
higher and lower, 103, 141 f.;
occupy templa, 109;
take auspices, 110;
have obnuntiatio, 111 f.;
spectio, 113;
preside over contio, 140 f.;
comitia, 465, 468, 469;
bound by laws, 180 f.;
iusti, optimo iure, 186-8;
and lex curiata, 189 ff.;
higher, 229;
act as accusers, 259;
controlled by dictator, 273, 284;
right to divide business, 306;
to enrolment in senate, 307;
exempt from prosecution, 318;
under law of extortion, 377;
regulated by Sulla, 413-8;
by Pompey, 449;
swear to uphold laws, 464;
municipal, 457.
Maiestas, 257, n. 5;
Cornelian court of, 258;
Claudia tried for, 326, 394;
under lex Varia, 400 f.;
Cornelia, 419;
Iulia, 455.
Majority rule, primitively unknown, 170, n. 7.
Mancinus, law for surrendering, 350.
Mancipatio, 48.
Manilia, trial of for violence (183), 326.
Manilius, C., tribune (67-66), 433 f.
Manlius, A., consul (178), threatened with prosecution, 231.
Manlius, past consul, trial of, 268.
Manlius, Cn., consul (357), holds comitia at Sutrium, 297.
Manlius, L., past dictator, trial of (362), 288.
Manlius Capitolinus, M., trial of, 123 f., 243.
Manlius Volso, Cn., 231.
Mantua, three tribes in, 4, n. 3.
Marcius, L., propraetor in Spain, 192.
Marcius Coriolanus, C., trial of (491), 267.
Mariana colonia, 394, n. 1, 396.
Marius, C., change in recruiting, 86, 394;
tribune (119), 389;
combines with Saturninus, 393-5;
given command against Mithridates, 404.
Market days, see Nundinae.
Master of horse, presides over contio, 140.
Matienus, C., trial of for desertion, 252.
Matrons, fined for stuprum, 291 f., 326;
trial of for poisoning, 253 f., 309.
Meadow, Flaminian, 465.
Mechanics, see Fabri.
Messala, on curiate law, 185 f.
Metellus, see Caecilius Metellus.
Meyer, E., on four city tribes, 54-6;
origin of tribunate, 55, n. 1, 262, n. 1, 272, n. 2;
Licinian-Sextian laws, 296, n. 4;
chronology of Sempronian laws, 371, n. 2;
Cornelian-Pompeian law on assemblies, 406.
Milo, tribune (57), 115 f.
Minervia, founding of, 384, n. 1.
Minos, 177.
Minucius, L., trial of, 246.
Minucius Augurinus, C., tribune (184), 320.
Mithridates, 403, 404, 433, 434.
Mommsen, Th., on patrician state, 33-6;
gens, 35;
gentile ownership of land, 48;
urban tribes, 51 f., 54 f.;
classis, 72, n. 1;
concilium populi, 121-4;
grant of patriciate, 166, n. 3;
of citizenship, 181, n. 5;
early legislation, n. 9;
transitio imperii, 197, n. 4;
exercise of comitia centuriata, 203, n. 4;
proletarian century, 207, n. 12;
reformed comitia centuriata, 221-4;
validity of plebiscite, 277, n. 2;
Licinian and Aebutian laws, 347, n. 8;
qualification of iudices, 375, n. 4;
Thorian law, 385, n. 5;
lex Appuleia de maiestate, 394, n. 5;
lex Plautia iudiciaria, 403;
Sulpicius, 405, n. 2;
principium, 466, n. 3.
Morals, laws on, 337 f.
Mucius Scaevola, P., tribune (141), 255, n. 1.
Mucius Scaevola, Q., formula of oath in arrogations, 160.
Mühl, on lex Appuleia de maiestate, 394, n. 5.
Municipia, lex Iulia on, 456 f.
Murder, trial of, 244, 246, n. 6;
under questorian jurisdiction, 248;
court for, 253, 255, n. 1, 257, n. 5, 295, 309, 358;
under lex Sempronia, 378;
Cornelia, 419 f.;
of tribune alleged, 268.
Musicians, in centuriate system, 66, 68, 81, 206, 208, 226.
Naevius, M., tribune (185), 320.
Narbo Martius, founding of, 386, n. 1.
Nefas, Nefasti dies, 159, 470.
Neptunia, founding of, 382.
Niebuhr, on early Roman history, 25 ff.;
patrician state, 27-32;
gens and curia, 11-13, 31 f.;
social composition of gens, 27;
Attic tribal system, 28, 31 f.;
Servian tribes, 51, 61, n. 3;
reformed comitia centuriata, 217-9;
unsoundness of his method, 45.
Niese, on origin of tribunate, 262, n. 1;
Licinian-Sextian law, 296, n. 4.
Nigidius Figulus, P., on auspices, 101, n. 3.
Nobility, origin of, 39;
develops into class, 40;
among various peoples, 40-2;
at Rome, 43;
supported by tribunate, 312;
plebeian, allies of patrician, 330.
Nobles, concilium of Etruscan, 124;
of Gallic, 125;
comitia of, 129;
represented in council, 275;
right to vote, 276;
see Patricians.
Nola, loses citizenship, 422.
Νόμοι ἐπ’ ἀνδρί, 153.
Norbanus, C., trial of (95), 394, n. 4.
Novae Curiae, 9.
Numa, 177.
Numantines, 350.
Nundinae, comitia not held on, 139;
made fasti by Hortensian law, 315, 471.
Nuntiatio, 111.
Oath, in contio, 142;
in arrogations, 160;
making tribunes sacred, 264, 274;
lack of in comitial trials, 287;
to support law, 380, 395, 440 f.
Oblativa (auspicia), 100;
publica, 111-8;
under Aelian and Fufian laws, 116 f., 358 f.;
under lex Clodia, 116 f., 445.
Obnuntiatio, by whom served, 111, 114 f., 439;
when served, 115;
under Aelian and Fufian laws, 116 f., 358 f.;
under lex Clodia, 116 f., 445;
prevents election, 193;
to what point allowable, 467.
Octavianus, see Julius Caesar Octavianus.
Octavius, tribune (133), 322;
deposed, 366, 367 f., 371.
Opimius, L., trial of (120), 256;
given absolute power, 387 f.
Opimius, Q., trial of, 414, n. 2;
tribune (75), 425 f.
Oppidum, 6 f.
Oppius, Sp., decemvir, trial of, 246.
Optima lege, optimo iure, 186-8;
cives, 355;
private land, 386.
Optimates, prefer centuries, 237;
undo Gracchan reforms, 385, 387;
policy of as to special courts, 388;
depend on religion, 391;
moderate rule of, 396 f.
Ordines, in comitia centuriata, 222.
Ovation, comitial act on, 334 f.
Ovile, 469.
Paederastia, prosecution for (227), 325.
Pagus, relation of to Servian tribes, 51, 53 f.
Pais, on urban tribes, 52, 55, n. 1;
origin of tribunate, 262, n. 1;
connection of Ceres with plebs, 264, n. 7;
Genucian and Publilian laws, 299, n. 2;
election of pontiff, 341, n. 3.
Palatine (tribus), 50, 51, 52, n. 1, 220.
Palatine hill, 7, n. 3, 9.
Pantagathus, 220.
Papirius, L., trial of (326), 247.
Papirius Carbo, C., trial of (119), 257.
Parricidium, trial of, 244;
under lex Pompeia, 448;
Iulia, 455, n. 7.
Pater, meaning of, 19.
Pater patratus, 176.
Patrem ciere, 20.
Patres, meaning senators, 17 ff.;
patricians, 19;
in Mommsen’s theory, 34;
maiorum et minorum gentium, 35 f.
Patrician magistrate, defined, 103.
Patricians, Patricii, origin of, 16 ff., 37, n. 1;
Mommsen on, 34;
not conquerors, 43;
right to auspices, 101-3;
and patrum auctoritas, 229, 235;
in curiate assembly, 262, n. 2, 271;
in tribal assembly, 271, 275-7;
in plebeian tribunate, 285 f.;
affected by Publilian law (339), 300 f.;
creation of, 21, 164-6, 456, 460.
Patriciate, relation of to senate, 18;
granted to plebeians, 21, 164-6, 456, 460;
closing of, 165;
acquired by adoption, 166.
Patricio-plebeian tribal assembly, 123, 128, 134;
unnecessary term, 138.
Patricius, meaning of, 20 f.
Patrum auctoritas, 31, 174;
and comitia curiata, 229, 235, 277;
for curiate laws, 277;
Publilian law on, 300;
Hortensian law on, 313;
Maenian law on, 331.
Pay, military, introduced, 61, n. 6, 94;
by senate, 284, 295;
how reckoned, 90, n. 4;
since war with Hannibal, 382;
laws on, 382, 388 f., 392.
Peculatus, trials for, 317 f., 319, 419.
Pecunia, 48.
Pellegrino, on asylum, 36.
Perduellio, 243 f., 248, 249, 253, 256, 257;
Sulla transfers to quaestio maiestatis, 258;
aedilician case of, 326;
ballot in, 390;
trials for: Horatius, 121;
Claudius, 248, 317;
Manlius, 288 f.;
Postumius, 248 f., 318;
Rabirius, 258 f.
Peregrinus ager, 108.
Petilii, Q., tribunes (185), 319.
Petronia (amnis), 108.
Phalanx, Greek, adopted by Rome, 61 f., 68, 71 f.;
origin of, 69 ff.;
organization and equipment, 72 f.;
split in legions, 75;
post-Servian changes, 76-80;
changed to manipular legion, 84.
Phratry, 8, n. 6, 28, 69.
Phyle, 4, 6, 28.
Phylobasileis, 8, n. 1.
Picene district, 333;
Flaminian law on, 334.
Plebeian assembly, termed comitia, 120, 126-30;
question as to auspication, 122 f.
Plebeian magistrates, occupy templa, 109;
do not auspicate assemblies, 110;
preside over contio, 140 f.;
comitia, 465, 469;
see Aediles, Tribuni plebis.
Plebi scitum, issued by plebeian assembly, 120, n. 1;
originally binding on plebs only, 263, 273;
given conditioned validity, 274-9;
Publilian law on, 300;
made unconditionally valid, 313, 463;
for individual plebi scita, see Lex.
Plebs, distinguished from populus, 1, n. 3;
origin of, 16, 21;
relation to clients, 22;
belong to populus, 23 ff.;
to tribes and curiae, 24;
to gentes, 28-31;
vote in comitia curiata, 25, 32;
Mommsen on, 34-6;
not the conquered, 43;
in army, 75, n. 1;
right to auspices, 101-3;
assembly of termed comitia, 120;
first secession of, 262;
in contio, 263;
community of, 264 f.;
misunderstanding with government, 268;
meaning of word in Valerian-Horatian law, 275-7;
Publilian law on, 301 f.;
condition of in third Samnite war, 311;
leaders of ally with patricians, 330;
in comitia under plebeian presidency, 465.
Pleminius, Q., trial of, 250.
Πλῆθος, 407 f.
Plutocracy, era of, 346-62, 476;
discontent with, 371.
Poetelius Libo, C., consul (326), dictator (313), 310.
Poisoning, special court for trial of, 253, 254, n. 3.
Polybius, on Flaminian law, 334;
on Roman constitution, 343-6, 361 f.
Pomerium, limits urban tribes, 52, 54;
relation of to augury, 108;
to comitia curiata, 194, 468;
to comitia centuriata, 203, 469;
to comitia tributa, 465.
Pompeius Magnus, Cn., use of oblativa, 111;
and curiate law, 194 f.;
consul (70), 426 f.;
given special commands, 432-4;
cura annonae, 446;
second consulship (55), 447-50;
third (52), 448.
Pompeius Strabo, Cn., trial of, 401, n. 3;
consul (89), 402.
Pomptinus, praetor (63), 192 f.
Pontes, 469;
Marian law on, 389.
Pontifex maximus, auspicium of, 104;
elected by comitia, 120, 341, 391;
presides over contio, 141;
comitia calata, 153 ff.;
comitia tributa, 153, n. 4, 263;
over first tribunician elections, 263;
and in 449 B.C., 285;
jurisdiction of, 327 f., 390;
chooses Vestals, 434.
Pontifex minor, in comitia calata, 155.
Pontifices, 102, 106, n. 10;
have charge of arrogations, 160;
of certain adoptions, 166;
religious legislation of, 238 f.;
opinion on Sacred Spring, 340;
control calendar, 358;
election of, 391;
increased
to fifteen, 416.
Popillius, M., trial of (172), 255, n. 1.
Popillius Laenas, C., trial of (107), 257, n. 5.
Popillius Laenas, P., presides over special court (132), 255;
interdicted, 256;
recalled, 388.
Popillius Laenas, P., tribune (86), 257, n. 5.
Population of Rome, in early republic, 83.
Populus, derivation of word, 1;
definition, 1 f.;
political divisions, 1-15;
social composition of, 16-47;
theory of a patrician, 27 ff.;
concilium of, 120-5;
sovereignty, 308, 316, 346, 368, 399;
yields judicial function to courts, 420 f.;
electoral function to Caesar, 454 f.
Porcius Cato, M., the Elder, on Servian tribes, 51, 53, 54;
favors lex Voconia, 85, 90;
lex Villia, 347;
lex forbidding reëlections, 348;
author of law of appeal, 250 f.;
prosecutions of, 319, 321.
Porcius Laeca, P., praetor (195), 251.
Porcius Licinus, consul (184), 251.
Posteriores (equites), 73, n. 7, 74, 76.
Postliminium, 353.
Postumius, L., trial of, 289.
Postumius, M., trial of (423), 288.
Postumius Pyrgensis, M., trial of, 248 f., 318.
Potestas, tribunicia, destroyed by Sulla, 199;
patria, political influence of, 342 f.;
lex on, 185, 190.
Praeco (crier), summons contio, 144;
invites to speak, 147, n. 5;
reads bill, 430;
declares result of vote, 468.
Praescriptio legis, 462.
Praetors, auspices of, 103;
obnuntiate, 115;
adoptions before, 160;
election of, 189, 229;
instituted, 234;
grant auspices to tribune, 245 f., 280, 315;
increased, 332, 341, 416, 454;
urban, presides over election of boards, 337;
lex Plaetoria on, 342, n. 1;
fills album iudicum, 376, 377;
minimal age of, 415;
edicts of, 431 f.
Prefecture of market, created (440), 295, 305, n. 5.
Prerogative (praerogativa), 211, 463;
equestrian abolished, 212, 215;
after reform, 212, 224, 227;
in elections, 389.
Presidency, of contio, 140 f.;
of comitia, 465, 468, 469.
Principium, 463;
in comitia curiata, 112;
elections, 389;
comitia tributa, 466 f.
Priores (equites), 73, n. 7, 74, 76.
Privernates, receive citizenship, 305.
Privilegia, enacted by centuries, 127 f., 241;
violation of law on, 289 f.;
dispensations are, 307 f.
Procedure, contional, 143 ff.;
comitial, 465-70;
in trials, 259 f.
Proceres, Proci, in centuriate system, 67, n. 3, 75, n. 1.
Proletarians, 68, 89, 207 f.;
after reform, 226.
Promagistracy, instituted, 305.
Promagistrates, lack right to summon people, 141;
and curiate law, 192 ff.;
under lex repetundarum, 377;
under lex Cornelia, 417;
lex Pompeia, 449.
Propraetor, elected by army, 192, 202.
Provinces, assigned exceptionally by law, 305, 381, n. 5, 417, 432-4, 443 f., 447;
Sempronian law on consular, 381 f.;
Cornelian, 417;
Julian, 456;
protected by Gabinian, 429 f.;
from extortion, see Repetundae.
Publicans, exactions of, 380 f.;
law for relief of, 441.
Publicius Bibulus, C., tribune (209), 338.
Publilius Philo, consul and dictator (339), 235, 299-302;
censor(322), 305.
Punctum, in counting votes, 467, n. 5.
Punic war, first, effect of on politics, 333.
Pupinian tribe, 59, n. 3.
Quaestio, preliminary inquiry, 259.
Quaestio extraordinaria (314), 242, n. 5;
for trial of Pleminius (204), 250;
affects centuriate jurisdiction, 253;
appointed by senate and people, 253, 295, 309;
by senate alone, 253 f., 255, 309;
by people, 255, n. 1;
for trial of conspiracy, 310;
Satricans, 310;
usurpers of citizenship, 354, 397;
Vestals, 390;
bribery, 390;
vis, 448 f.;
murderers of Caesar, 457, n. 7;
composed of senators, 374 f.;
under lex Sempronia, 371, 374-6;
optimate policy as to, 388.
Quaestio perpetua, affects centuriate jurisdiction, 253;
repetundarum, 257, 358;
number increased by Sulla, 257 f., 324;
inter sicarios, 258, 358;
limits appeal, 328;
composed of senators, 374, 419;
Sempronian laws on, 374-6;
of knights, 374 f.;
of senators and knights, 402, 455;
of three classes, 427, 458;
under Latin lex Bantina, 379;
Appuleia de maiestate, 394;
Livia, 399;
Varia, 401;
Cornelia, 419-21;
Licinia and Pompeia, 448;
Iulia, 455;
Antonia, 458;
appeal granted from, 458 f.
Quaestors, auspicate comitia centuriata, 104;
obnuntiate, 141;
preside over contio, 140, 141;
curiate sanction, 189, 195;
increased, 234, 332, 415 f.;
parricidii, 244 f.;
relation of to tribunes, 248;
elected by tribes, 294;
minimal age of, 415.
Quando rex comitiavit fas, 159, n. 8, 470.
Quinctius, K., trial of (461), 267, 268, n. 6.
Quinctius, L., tribune (74), 426.
Quinctius, T., past consular tribune, trial of, 288.
Quinctius Trogus, T., trial of, 245.
Quindecemviri sacris faciundis, 416;
see Decemviri.
Quinqueviri, for repairing defences, 337;
agris adsignandis under lex Saufeia, 400;
lex Iulia, 439.
Quirina (tribus), 214.
Quirinal hill, 2, 3, n. 1.
Rabirius, C., trial of, 243 f., 258 f.
Ramnenii, in Ostia, 4, n. 3.
Ramnenses, 74.
Ramnes, 2, n. 5, 74;
in Ardea, 4, n. 3.
Ramnii, in Capua, 4, n. 3.
Rapta (curia), 8, n. 6, 11, n. 7.
Ratings, ascribed to Servius, 66;
in sextantarian as, 67, n. 4;
origin of, 79;
array in battle, 79 f.;
of five classes, 84-91;
Belot on, 91-3.
Regiones, connection of with tribes, 51, n. 1, 4, 6, 53 f.
Religion, influences formation of nobility, 39 f.;
right to legislate on, 308;
laws on, see Legislation.
Remus, an augur, 105, n. 3.
Renuntiatio, 467.
Repetundae, court of, 257, 358, 370;
under lex lunia, 370, 376, 379;
lex Acilia, 375-8;
Servilia, 393;
Cornelia, 419;
Iulia, 441 f.;
defined, 377.
Revolution, period of, 363-460, 476 f.
Rex sacrorum, presides over contio, 141;
comitia calata, 154;
forbidden to address populus, 147;
ceremonies of in comitium, 156, 159 f.;
successor to king, 182;
a shadow, 198.
Rhegium insurgent garrison of, 254.
Rogatio, meaning of, 178;
composition and form of, 462 ff.
— de imperio (t.) for triumph, 335.
— colonizing Bolae (t. 415), 311, n. 1.
— dispensing from law (298), 299, n. 3.
— for abolition of debts (t. 287), 312.
Rogationes of Cicero’s consulship (63), 437, n. 7.
Rogatio, of 8 tribunes, recalling Cicero (58), 446, n. 2.
— establishing consular tribunes (t. 53), 450, n. 2.
Rogationes Aemiliae, repealing Cornelian laws (c. 78), 423.
Rogatio Aufeia, on taxation of Asia (p. 123), 381, n. 4.
— Aufidia de ambitu (t. 61), 437, n. 1.
— Caecilia, lightening certain penalties (t. 63), 437, n. 7.
— Caecilia, dispensing Pompey from law (t. 62), 437, n. 1.
Rogationes Caeliae, on debts and rents (p. 48), 452, n. 9.
Rogatio Caninia, granting imperium to Pompey (t. 56), 446, n. 3.
— Cassia agraria (c. 486), 238, 265, n. 4.
— Clodia de suffragiis libertinorum (p. 52), 450, n. 2.
— Cornelia, renewing Sulpician lex (c. 87), 409.
— Cornelia de ambitu (t. 67), 431.
Rogationes Corneliae (t. 47), 452, n. 9.
Rogatio Fabricia, recalling Cicero (t. 57), 446, n. 2.
— Flavia, for punishing Tusculans, (323), 310.
— Flavia agraria (t. 60), 438.
— Fulvia, granting citizenship (c. 125), 370.
— Herennia, transferring Clodius to plebs (t. 60), 162, 438.
— Iunia, on usury (195?), 352, n. 2.
— Laelia agraria (p. 145), 360 f., 363.
— Licinia, on election of sacerdotes, 391.
— Lucilia Coelia, for naming Pompey dictator (t. 53), 450, n. 2.
— Maelia, confiscating property of Ahala (436), 289.
— Marcia (123-122), referring to military tribunes, 382, n. 5.
— Marcia agraria (t. 104), 392.
— Messia, recalling Cicero (t. 58), 446, n. 2.
— Ninnia, recalling Cicero (t. 58), 446, n. 2.
— Papiria, permitting reëlection of tribunes (t. 131), 369.
— Pinaria annalis (p. 182?), 347, n. 3.
— Pompeia repetundarum (c. 55), 442, n. 2;
sumptuaria, 448.
— Porcia, abrogating imperium (t. 56), 446, n. 3.
— Porcia Pompeia, recalling Metellus (t. 99), 396, n. 1.
— Pupia Valeria, appointing special court (c. 61), 438, n. 3.
— Rutilia, on censorial contracts (t. 169), 351, n. 5.
— Scribonia, on Lusitanians (t. 149), 349.
Rogationes Scriboniae, on various subjects (t. 50), 450, n. 2.
Rogatio Semproniade provocatione (t. 133), 255, 368;
iudiciaria, 368, 374;
on military service, 368, 382.
— Sempronia de abactis (t. 124), 371, 391;
granting citizenship to Latins and Italians (123-122), 382, 383 f.;
on voting in comitia centuriata (122), 384, n. 2.
— Servilia agraria, 129, 183, n. 5, 186, 435 f.;
violates right of appeal, 259;
bearing of on election of sacerdotes, 416, n. 6.
Rogations, discussed in senate, 145;
judicial, 259;
no record of unpassed, 270;
apocryphal agrarian, 270, 272, 295;
restriction as to bringing, 359;
lex Caecilia Didia on, 396 f.
Rogator legis, 462, n. 2, 463.
Rogatores, 211, 467, 469.
Roma, Etruscan origin of, 7, n. 2.
Romanus ager, 108.
Romilia (tribus), 214.
Romulus, connection of with tribes, 2, n. 5, 3;
with army, 69, n. 4;
with equites, 74;
an augur, 105, n. 3;
as legislator, 177.
Roscius, Otho, L., tribune (67), 428 f., 432.
Rostra, a templum, 109.
Rubino, on testamentary comitia, 157 f.;
lex curiata, 185;
vote by 30 lictors, 196.
Rubrica legis, 463, n. 6.
Rupilius, consul (132), condemned, 256.
Sabines, alleged connection of with Tities, 2 f.
Sacer homo, 265.
Sacerdotes, 7;
inauguration of, 106;
comitia, for election of, 120, 129, 341, 391, 458;
their part in instituting comitia, 153;
in trials, 182;
in election of king, 183;
see Augurs, Epulones, etc.
Sacred Mount, lex sacrata passed on, 274.
Sacred Spring, lex on, 340.
Sacro sanctitas, 264;
origin of, 265;
religious and legal basis, 265 f.;
protects plebeian assembly, 266;
relation of to tribunician jurisdiction, 266 f., 273 f.;
confirmed by lex Valeria Horatia, 274.
Saepta, 466.
Saeptum, 467.
Salii, 69, n. 1, 70, n. 5.
Sallust, on comitia and concilium, 126.
Sanctio, 463;
of Latin lex Bantina, 379.
Sappers, see Fabri.
Satricans, special court for punishing, 310.
Saturnalia, gifts at, 338 f.
Saturninus, see Appuleius Saturninus.
Savigny, on lex Iulia municipalis, 457, n. 5.
Scaevola, on gens, 28, n. 7.
Scantinus Capitolinus, C., prosecution of, 325.
Schmidt, Joh., on origin of tribunate, 262, n. 1.
Schwegler, on patrician state, 32 f.
Scipios, trial of (185), 319 f.;
see Cornelius.
Scolacium, founding of, 382.
Scutum, in centuriate system, 66, 78, n. 6.
Secession, first, 262;
second, 277;
to Janiculum, 313.
Sectatores, 436.
Seditions, tribunician, 279, 313;
Varian law on, 401.
Sempronius Gracchus, C., legislation of, 255 f., 371-85;
defeat for third tribunate, 384;
energizes comitia, 384 f.
Sempronius Gracchus, Ti., censor (169), trial of, 253;
tribune (184), 320 f.
Sempronius Gracchus, Ti., tribune (133), weakens veto, 117, 366, 476;
prosecutes Annius Luscus, 322;
legislation of, 363-6;
deposes colleague, 366, 367 f.;
new platform of, 368;
defeated for second tribunate, 368 f.
Senate, represents primitive tribes, 3, n. 8, 7;
relation of to patriciate, 177 ff.;
annuls comitial acts, 106 f., 109, 113, 396, 399 f., 405, 433, 457, n. 7, 459;
comitia in, 129, 130;
wisdom in, 173;
auctoritas of, 174;
grants imperium, 188;
and curiate law, 197-9;
declares war, 230-2;
admits plebeians, 235;
appoints special courts, 253-5, 309 f., 368, 371, 388;
passes consultum ultimum, 255 f., 273, 387 f.;
grants citizenship, 304;
prolongs imperium, 305;
plants colonies, 310 f., 351;
loses legal control of tribunician assembly, 313 f., 316;
conciliates citizens, 337;
depends on people, 345, 351;
class of criminals, 374;
controls tax contracts, 380;
deposes consul, 409;
regains control of assemblies, 406-8, 413 f.;
admission to through quaestorship, 415, 418 f.;
gains through Sulla, 418;
law on sessions of, 424 f.;
grants dispensations, 430 f.;
limited by Caesar, 457;
considers rogations, 462, 463.
Senators, privati, 102;
mostly creditors, 312;
given seats at theatre, 356 f.;
monopolize quaestiones, 374;
debarred from by Sempronian law, 375;
under lex repetundarum, 377;
chosen indirectly by people, 391;
swear to uphold law, 395, 440, 464;
associate with equites in courts, 402, 427 f., 455;
elected by tribes, 418;
qualifications of under lex Ovinia, 307;
lex Claudia, 335;
Sulpicia, 404;
see Senate.
Senatus consultum, on treaties, 175, 303, 465, n. 3;
declaring war, 230;
appointing special court, 253;
essential to legality of plebiscite, 277 f.;
for settling Latium, 304;
Hortensian law on, 313;
for founding colonies, 351;
on usurpation of citizenship, 354;
on importation of wild beasts, 346;
on finance, 422;
on trial of provincials, 424, n. 6;
amending lex Acilia Calpurnia, 436;
de collegiis, 445;
honoring Caesar, 451;
ultimum, 192, n. 6, 255, 273, 371, 387 f.
Seniors, in centuriate system, 66, 68, 81 f.;
number of, 84, 205;
after reform, 216.
Septemviri agris adsignandis, under lex Antonia, 458.
Sergia (tribus), 58.
Sergius, M., quaestor, 245.
Service, public, exempts from prosecution, 377.
Servilius Ahala, C., trial of, 246;
rogation on property of, 289 f.
Servilius Caepio, Q., imperium of abrogated, 390.
Servilius Glaucia, C., 393.
Servilius Rullus, P., tribune (64-63), 435.
Servius Tullius, distributes land, 49;
institutes new tribes, 50 ff., 217;
centuriate system, 66, 68;
personality of, 68, n. 7;
increases equites, 74;
and equestrian fund, 93;
reference to in lex Cornelia Pompeia, 406.
Sesterce, 87.
Sheep, standard of value, 269, 287.
Sibylline books, 284.
Sicilians, receive citizenship, 454, n. 4.
Sicinius, L., tribune (76), 425.
Signa ex tripudiis, 107.
Sisenna, on creation of new tribes, 57 f.
Slaves, manumission of, 297;
grant of citizenship to, 353.
Smiths, in centuriate system, 206.
Social classes, ancient view of, 16-25, 44 f.;
conventional view, 25-38;
comparative-sociological, 38-47;
universal, 38 f.;
origin of in nature, 39;
in army, 75 f.
Social war, 401.
Sodales Titii, 2, n. 6 f., 8.
Sodalicii, lex on, 447 f.
Soldiers, and appeal, 251-3;
laws on service of, 382, 388 f., 392.
Solon, law of, on citizenship, 44, n. 1;
connection with classes, 71.
Soltau, on comitia centuriata, 201;
composition of tribunician assembly, 275, n. 5;
Licinian-Sextian law, 296, n. 4;
validity of plebiscite, 300, n. 6.
Sovereignty, belongs first to king and council, 171 f.;
not popular, 173;
popular develops, 303, 308, 316, 368, 399;
of law, yielding to democracy, 308;
not real, 346.
Speaking, public, prohibition of, 142, 147;
on merits of candidates, 143;
right of, 145 ff.;
compulsion, 148;
time limited, 149;
sparingly granted, 173 f.
Spectio, 110;
belongs to magistrates only, 113;
when forbidden, 114;
under Aelian and Fufian laws, 116.
Statutes, see Leges.
Stipendium, 63.
Storm, interrupts comitia, 248.
Stultorum feriae, 9, n. 6.
Stuprum, prosecutions for, 247, 291 f., 326, 327, n. 2.
Submovere, 150, n. 9.
Suburana (tribus), 50.
Sucusana (tribus), 220.
Suffragia sex, 75, n. 1, 113, 157, 209, 224, 227.
Suffragium, 157;
bestowal of, 352;
see Citizenship.
Sulla, see Cornelius Sulla.
Sulpicius Rufus, P., tribune (88), 403-5.
Sumptuary laws, 337 f., 356, 388, n. 9, 428, 455 f.
Supernumeraries, in centuriate system, 68, 80-2, 226.
Sutrium, tribal assembly at, 297, 465.
Συσσίτια, 8, n. 6.
Tabulae iuniorum, 82, n. 3.
Tarpeian Rock, hurling from, 257, n. 5, 264, n. 8.
Tarquinius Priscus (Elder), relation of to equites, 74, 93.
Tarquinius Superbus, relation of to centuriate system, 201, n. 3 f.
Taxes, in early Rome, 61-4.
Tellus, 9.
Temples, dedication of, 340 f., 347, n. 2.
Templum, 107 f., 144.
Terentius Varro Lucullus, M., trial of (66), 324.
Testaments, in comitia calata, 157-9;
laws on, 352, 463, n. 8, 459.
Testimony, false, prosecution for, 246.
Theatres, regulation of, 356 f., 428 f.
Theft, see Furtum.
Θέμιστες, 177.
Thunder, effect of, on comitia, 109, 111.
Thurii, tribes of, 7, n. 1.
Titia (curia), 8, n. 6, 11, n. 7.
Titienses, Tities, 2, 74.
Titus Tatius, 2 f., 4, n. 3, 56, n. 3.
Tolosa, gold found at, 390.
Transitio ad plebem, 162 f., 403, 438, 443.
Transpadani, receive citizenship, 402, 454.
Trasimene, political effect of disaster at, 343.
Treaty, alleged between plebs and government, 265.
Treaty-making, originally with magistrates and senate, 174 f., 273, 283;
with king, 181;
ratification of acquired by tribes, 175, 283, 302 f., 344, 349.
Trebellius, L., tribune (67), 432.
Trebonius, L. and Cn., 285.
Tremellius, Cn., praetor (160), prosecution of, 322.
Tresviri (Triumviri) nocturni, trial of, 318.
Tresviri epulones, 347, 391, 416, n. 3.
Tribes, the three primitive, 2-8;
and Greek phylae, 4, 28;
military function of, 10, 69, 74;
social composition, 24;
admission of new citizens to, 44.
Tribes, the later, 48-65;
with gentile names, 35, 50;
the thirty-five, 48-65;
urban, 50 ff., 355;
rural, 50 ff.;
character, 54;
temporary increase in Social War, 57 f., 402;
altered in 312, 304 B.C., 64 f.;
made up by censors, 300, 355;
relation of to centuries, 77, 212 f., 215, 217 ff.;
citizens assigned to, 352 f., 401 f.;
assembly of, see Comitia tributa.
Tribuni aerarii, 64, n. 3;
in jury service, 427 f.;
debarred from, 455.
Tribuni celerum, 7 f.;
preside over contio, 141, n. 3;
comitia curiata, 468;
right of to address people, 145, n. 4.
Tribuni militum, 7;
make levy, 77;
Valerian law on, 235;
hold court-martial, 251;
elected by people, 234, 306, 342, 349, n. 1;
rarely appointed, 342, n. 2.
Tribuni militum consulari potestate, 229, 234.
Tribuni plebis, auspicium of, 104;
obnuntiate, 115;
under Aelian and Fufian laws, 116 f., 358 f.;
election of, 127, 128, 262, 272;
preside over contio, 140;
comitia, 263, 465, 469;
lack power of summoning, 148;
veto curiate law, 199;
bring capital actions before centuries, 245-53;
limited by Sulla, 258, 324, 413 f.;
instituted, 262;
object of, 263;
have no power over patricians, 264, 268, 276;
sacro sancti, 264-6, 274;
early methods of, 269, 270, 272, 273, 279;
pre-decemviral jurisdiction, 267-9;
number increased, 272;
controlled by dictatorship, 273;
Valerian-Horatian law on, 274, 277 f., 279 f.;
later jurisdiction, 280, 286-90, 317-25;
agrarian agitation, 310 f.;
right to summon senate, 314;
to prosecute unconditionally, 315;
limited by courts, 326 f.;
reëlection of permitted, 369;
restored after Sulla, 423-7.
Tribunus, related to tribe, 7.
Tributum, and tribes, 63 f.;
disused, 89;
impeded by tribunes, 279;
in third Samnite war, 311.
Trientabula, 368.
Trifu, 5, 6.
Trinum nundinum, Trinundinum, 259 f.
Triumph, deliberated on in contio, 147;
depends on curiate law, 190, 192 f.;
decreed by senate, 273, 284, 293 f.;
by people, 277, n. 4, 293, 334;
comitial act necessary to, 334 f.;
on Alban Mount, 293, 335, n. 2, 350;
laws on, 350, 417, 422, 438, 451.
Triumvirate, so called first, 441;
second, 459;
see Triumviri.
Triumviri (tresviri) agris adsignandis, under Sempronian laws, 366, 367, 373, 375, 379, 386.
Triumviri capitales, 307, n. 1, 312, 332.
Triumviri coloniae deducendae, 288, 307, 350 f.
Triumviri mensarii, 336 f.
Triumviri rei publicae constituendae, 459.
Triumviri, for repairing temples, 337;
for dedicating, 340.
Trumpeters (tubicines, liticines), in centuriate system, 66, 206;
summon accused, 259.
Tuba, 468.
Tubicines, 81, n. 2, 206, 226;
see Musicians.
Tullus Hostilius, permits appeal, 239.
Turma, 12.
Twelve Tables, law of on inheritance, 30;
ratified by laws, 233;
provide for legislation, 233 f., 307, 368, 464, 474;
composition of, 239;
guarantee right of appeal, 240;
on privilegia, 241, 245, 268;
forbid conubium, 294;
criminal laws of, 357;
grant jurisdiction to tribes, 474.
Urbs, 7.
Urn, for drawing lots, 466, n. 4.
Usurers, fined, 291, 312;
violate law, 351;
oppress provinces, 430.
Ut rogas, 467.
Valerius Flaccus, L., prosecution of (98), 324.
Valerius Publicola, P., consul (509), 232;
existence of questioned, 240.
Valuation of property, change in from land to money, 65.
Varius, Q., tribune (91-90), prosecutes Aemilius, 257, n. 5.
Varro, on Servian tribes, 53 f.
Vatinius, tribune (59), 117, 442 f.
Vectigalia, law on Campanian, 337, 351, n. 5;
order to farm, 424;
in Italy, abolished, 438;
reimposed, 457, n. 6.
Veliensis (curia), 11.
Velina (tribus), 334.
Velitia (curia), 11, n. 7.
Velleius, on admission of socii to tribes, 57 f.;
colonization, 351;
lex Livia iudiciaria, 398.
Vennonius, on Servian tribes, 53.
Verres, trial of, 427.
Vestals, trial of, 390;
choice of, 434.
Veto (intercession), tribunician, weakened, 117;
original lack of, 269, 279;
established by Hortensian law, 270, 315;
conservative, 330;
against senate, 345;
oath not to use, 380 f.;
against certain consulta forbidden, 381 f.;
overborne, 393 f., 430, 447;
limited by Sulla, 414, 425 f.;
to what point allowable, 466 f.;
consular, 423, 439.
Veturius, C., condemned, 250, n. 8.
Viatores, 264, n. 5;
of tribune, 150;
originally lacking, 290;
of aedile, n. 4.
Vicus Tuscus, 3.
Vigintiviri agris adsignandis, 439.
Vindicia, 246, n. 5.
Vis (violence), 326;
under lex Plautia, 424;
Pompeia, 448 f.;
Iulia, 455.
Vitio creatum esse, etc., 107, n. 1.
Volaterrani, lose citizenship, 236, 422.
Volscians, expelled, 273.
Voting, origin of, 156 f., 275 f.;
by heads, 157;
formula for, 179;
order of in comitia centuriata, 211, 469 f.;
after reform, 217, 224, 227;
by ballot, 359 f.;
in quaestiones, 420;
in comitia tributa, 466 f.
Voturia (tribus), 52, n. 1.
Voturia iuniorum, 217.
Vultures, auspices from, 108.
War, declarations of, belong originally to magistrates and senate, 175-7, 181, 230, 273;
acquired by centuries, 177, 230, 302, 344;
formula of, 176, 232.
Widows and orphans, tax on, 62, 93.
Women, debarred from assemblies, 146 f., 326, n. 1;
luxury of restrained, 338, 356;
right of inheritance restricted, 352.
Zaleucus, 177.