Wissowa, G. Religion und Kultus der Römer (Munich, 1902).

Fowler, W. W. Roman Festivals of the Period of the Republic (London, 1899); Social Life at Rome in the Age of Cicero (New York, 1910); Religious Experience of the Roman People (London, 1911).

Friedländer, L. Sittengeschichte Roms (8th ed., Leipzig, 1910); Eng. tr. of 7th ed., Roman life and Manners under the Early Empire (London and New York ca. 1903).

Glover, T. R. Conflict of Religions in the Early Roman Empire (2d ed., London, 1909).

Gruppe, G. Kulturgeschichte der römischen Kalserzeit (München, 1903-1904).615

Carter, J. B. Religion of Numa (London, 1906); The Religious Life of Ancient Rome (Boston and New York, 1911).

Reinach, S. Orpheus [a general history of religions], chap. iii (Paris, 1909; Eng. tr., revised by the author, London and New York, 1909).

Arnold, E. V. Roman Stoicism (Cambridge, England, 1911).

Etruscan

Herbig, G. Article "Etruscan Religion" (in Hastings's Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics).

Celtic

Rhys, J. Celtic Heathendom (London, 1886).

Bertrand, A. Religion des Gaulois (2d ed., Paris, 1891).

Ihm, M. Der Mütter-oder Matronenkultus und seine Denkmäler, Bonner Jahrbücher (1887).

MacCulloch J. A. Religion of the Ancient Celts (Edinburgh, 1911); article "Celts" (in Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics); article "Druids," ibid.

Gruffydd, W. J. Welsh Literature (in article "Celt" in Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th ed.).

Quiggin, E. C. Article "Celtic Languages and Literature," ibid.

Robinson, F. N. Article "Deae Matres" (in Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics).

Revue Celtique (Paris).

Celtic Review, Edinburgh.

Teutonic

Grimm, J. Deutsche Mythologie (Berlin, 1835; 4th ed., 1875-1878); Kleinere Schriften (Berlin, 1864-1890).

Müllenhoff, K. Deutsche Altertumskunde (Berlin, 1870-1892).

Bugge, S. Studier over de nordiske Gude-og Heltesagns oprindelse (1880); Germ. tr., Studien über die Entstehung der nordischen Götterund Heldensagen (Munich, 1889).

Gruppe, O. Griechische Culte und Mythen in ihren Beziehungen zu den orientalischen Religionen, Index (Leipzig, 1887).

Mogk, E. Germanische Mythologie (in Paul's Grundriss der germanischen Philologie) (2d ed., Strassburg, 1898).

Meyer, E. H. Germanische Mythologie (Berlin, 1891).

Gummere, F. B. Article "Teutonic (or Germanic) Mythology" (in Johnson's Universal Cyclopædia); Germanic Origins (New York, 1892).

La Saussaye, P. D. Chantepie de. Religion of the Teutons (with bibliography) (Boston and London, 1902).

Chadwick, H. M. Article "Teutonic Peoples," p. 683 ff. (in Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th ed.).

Mannhardt, W. Baumcultus der Germanen und ihrer Nachbarstämme 616(Berlin, 1875); Antike Wald- und Feldkulte aus nordeuropäischen Uberlieferungen erläutert (Berlin, 1877); Mythologische Forschungen, Quellen und Forschungen (1884).

Jónsson, F. Article "The Eddas" (in Hastings's Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics).

Vigfusson, G., and Powell, F. York. Corpus Poeticum Boreale (Old Norse Poetry, Scaidic and Eddic) (Oxford, 1883).

Thorpe, B. Metrical Translation of the Edda (London, 1866).

Slavic

Archiv für slavische Philologie (Berlin, 1876-    ).

Manns, E. H. Article "Slavs," p. 230 (in Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th. ed.).

Usener, H. Götternamen (Bonn, 1896).

Krauss, F. S. Slavische Folkforschungen (Leipzig, 1908).

Mone, F. J. Geschichte des Heidenthums in nördlichen Europa (Leipzig, 1836).

Central and Northern Asia

Ratzel, F. History of Mankind (Eng. tr., London, 1896-1898).

Featherman, A. Races of Mankind, iv (London, 1881-1891).

Pumpelly, R. Explorations in Turkestan (Prehistoric Civilizations of Anau) (Washington, 1908).

Vámbéry, A. Die primitive Cultur des turko-tatarischen Volkes (Leipzig, 1879).

Huc, E. R. Travels in Tartary, Tibet, and China (Eng. tr., London, 1859).

Keane, A. H. Asia (London, 1896-1906); article "Asia" (in Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics).

King, L. W. History of Sumer and Akkad, Appendix (New York, 1910).

Mouhot, H. Travels in the Central Parts of Indo-China (London, 1864).

Cross, E. B. The Karens, Journal of the American Oriental Society, iv (New York, 1854).

Klementz, Demetrius. Article "Buriats" (in Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics).

Wasiljev, J. Heidnische Gebräuche, Aberglaube und Religion der Wotyaken (Helsingfors, 1902).

Jochelson, W. The Koryak (in Jesup North Pacific Expedition, vi) (New York).

Bogoras, W. The Chukchee, ibid.

Wright, J. H., editor. History of All Nations, vol. ii, Central and Eastern Asia in Antiquity (by F. Justi, F. W. Williams, M. Jastrow, Jr., and A. V. W. Jackson) (Philadelphia and New York, 1902 and 1905).

Wlislocki, H. von. Volksglaube und religiöser Brauch der Magyaren (Münster, Westphalia, 1893).

Castrén, M. A. Finnische Mythologie (Germ. tr., St. Petersburg, 1853).617

Acta Societatis Scientiarum Fennicæ (Helsingfors).

Comparetti, D. Il Kalevala, o la poesia tradizionale del Finni (Rome, 1891).

Crawford, J. M. Eng. tr. of the Kalevala (New York, 1888).

Kirby, W. F. Eng. tr. of the Kalevala (London, 1898).

Japan

Griffis, W. E. The Religions of Japan (London, 1895).

Aston, W. G. Shinto (London, 1907).

Knox, G. W. Development of Religion in Japan (New York and London, 1907).

Longford, J. H. Story of Old Japan (London, 1910).

Brinkley, F. In article "Japan" (in Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th ed., p. 222 ff.).

Batchelor, J. The Ainu and their Folklore (London, 1901); article "Ainus" (in Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics).

Howard, B. D. Life with the Trans-Siberian Savages (London, 1893).

China and Korea

Douglas, R. K. Confucianism and Taouism (London, 1889).

Legge, James. Religions of China (London, 1880); articles "Confucius" and "Lâo-Tsze" (in Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th ed.); Texts of Taoism (in Sacred Books of the East, vol. xi).

De Groot, J. J. M. Religious System of China (Leiden, 1892-1907); Religion of the Chinese (New York, 1910); Religion in China: Universism, a Key to the Study of Taoism and Confucianism (New York and London, 1912).

Giles, H. A. Articles "Religions of Ancient China," "China" (in Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th ed.).

Griffis, W. E. Corea, the Hermit Nation (New York, 1901).

Longford, J. H. Story of Korea (New York, 1911).

Howarth, O. J. R. Article "Korea" (in Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th ed.).

Underwood, H. G. Religions of Eastern Asia (New York, 1910).

Parker, E. H. Studies in Chinese Religion (London, 1910).

Chavannes, E. Mémoires historiques, vol. i, Introduction to tr. of the Tao-Teh-King (Paris, 1895).

Dvorak, R. China's Religionen, No. 2 (Münster, 1903).

Heysingor, J. W. The Light of China (metrical version of the Tao-Teh-King) (Philadelphia, 1903).

Oceania

Ratzel, F. History of Mankind (Eng. tr., London, 1896-1898).

Frazer, J. G. Totemism and Exogamy, Index (London, 1910); The Belief in Immortality and the Worship of the Dead (the Gifford Lectures, 1911-1912) (London and New York).618

Bastian A. Inselgruppen in Oceania (Berlin, 1883).

Keane, A. H. Article "Australasia" (in Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics).

Polynesia

Mariner, W. Tonga Islands (London, 1817).

Grey, G. Polynesian Mythology (Auckland, 1885).

Ellis, W. Polynesian Researches (London, 1859); Tour around Hawaii (London, 1829).

Jarves, J. J. History of the Hawaiian Islands (Honolulu, 1872).

Bastian, A. Zur Kenntniss Hawaiis (Berlin, 1883).

Alexander, W. D. Brief History of the Hawaiian People (London, 1892).

Achelis, Thos. Ueber Mythologie und Cultus von Hawaii, 1895 (reprint from Ausland, 1893).

Taylor, R. New Zealand and its Inhabitants (London, 1870).

Gill, W. Myths and Songs of the South Pacific (London, 1876).

Turner, G. Samoa (London, 1884).

Krämer, A. Hawaii, Ostmikronesien und Samoa (Stuttgart, 1906).

Tregear, E. The Maori race (Wanganui, New Zealand, 1904).

Shortland, E. Traditions and Superstitions of the New Zealanders (London, 1854).

Bässler, A. Südsee Bilder (Berlin, 1895); Neue Südsee Bilder (Berlin, 1900).

Melanesia

Williams, J., and Calvert, J. Fiji and the Fijians (London, 1870).

Codrington, R. H. The Melanesians (Oxford, 1891).

Seligmann, C. G. The Melanesians of British New Guinea (Cambridge, England, 1910).

Brown, George. Melanesians and Polynesians (London and New York, 1910).

Furness, W. H., 3d. The Island of Stone-Money (Uap of the Carolines), (Philadelphia and London, 1910).

Australia and Tasmania

Spencer, B., and Gillen, J. Native Tribes of Central Australia (London, 1899); Northern Tribes of Central Australia (London, 1904).

Howitt, A. W. Native Tribes of South-East Australia (London, 1904).

Parker, Mrs. K. L. The Euahlayi Tribe (London, 1905).

Gennep, A. V. Mythes et légendes d'Australie (Paris, 1906).

Thomas, N. W. Native Tribes of Australia (London, 1907); article "Australia" (in Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics).

Tylor, E. B. On the Tasmanians as Representatives of Palæolithic Man, Journal of the Anthropological Institute, xxiii

Malay Archipelago and the Philippines

Marsden, W. History of Sumatra (London, 1811).

Bock, C. Head-hunters of Borneo (London, 1881).619

Man, E. H. The Aboriginal Inhabitants of the Andaman Islands, Journal of the Anthropological Institute, xii (London, 1885).

Wallace, A. R. The Malay Archipelago (London, 1890).

Wilken, G. A. Het shamanisme bij de volken van den Indischen Archipel ('S-Hage, 1887).

Kruijt, A. C. Het animisme in den indischen Archipel ('S-Gravenhage, 1906).

Sarasin, P. and F. Die Weddas von Ceylon und die umgebenden Völkerschaften (Wiesbaden, 1893).

Roth, H. L. The Natives of Sarawak and British North Borneo (London, 1896).

Haddon, A. C. Head-hunters, Black, White and Brown (London, 1901).

Furness, W. H., 3d. Home-life of Borneo Head-hunters (Philadelphia, 1902).

Morris, Miss M. Harvest Gods of the Land Dyaks of Borneo, Journal of the American Oriental Society (July, 1905).

Hurgronye, C. Snouck. The Achehnese (London, 1906).

Warneck, J. Die Religion der Batak (in J. Böhmer's Religionsurkunden der Völker, Abth. iv, Bd. i) (Leipzig, 1909).

Reports of the Bureau of Ethnology of the Philippine Government.

Journal of American Folklore.

Philippine Journal of Science, Manila.

Bureau of American Ethnology.

Blumentritt, F. Diccionario mitologico de Philippinas (2d ed., Madrid, 1895).

Beyer, H. O., and Barton, R. F. An Ifugao Burial Ceremony (reprint from Philippine Journal of Science) (1911).

North America

Relation des Jésuites de la Nouvelle France [17th century] (edited, with Eng. tr., by R.G. Thwaites, Cleveland, 1901).

Parkman, F. The Jesuits in North America in the Seventeenth Century (London, 1867).

Williams, Roger. Key into the Language of America (London, 1643).

Hodge, F. W. Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico (Washington, 1907-1910).

Journal of American Folklore (Boston and New York).

Smith, John. General History of Virginia (London, 1627; new issue, 1907).

Strachey, W. Historie of Travaile into Virginia Britannia (1618; ed. R. H. Major, London, 1849).

Henderson, S. R. The Government and Religion of the Virginia Indians, Johns Hopkins University Studies in History and Political Science, xiii (Baltimore).

Müller, J. G. Geschichte der amerikanischen Urreligionen (Basel, 1867).620

Schoolcraft, H. R. Indian Tribes of the United States (Philadelphia, 1851-1860).

Bancroft, H. H. Native Races of the Pacific States of North America (New York, 1875-1876).

Winsor, J. Narrative and Critical History of America (Boston, 1889).

Payne, E. J. History of the New World, called America (Oxford, 1899).

Cushing, F. H. My Adventures in Zufii, Century Magazine (New York, May, 1883).

Fletcher, Alice. Indian Ceremonies from the Sixteenth Report of the Peabody Museum of American Archæology and Ethnology (Cambridge, Mass., 1883) (Salem, Mass., 1884).

Gatschet, A. S. A Migration Legend of the Creek Indians (Philadelphia, 1884).

Brinton, D. G. The Lenâpé and their Legends (Philadelphia, 1885).

Fewkes, J. W. The Winter Solstice Ceremony at Walpi (reprinted from the American Anthropologist, xi) (Washington, 1898).

Matthews, W. Navaho Legends (Boston and New York, 1897).

Boas, F. The Indians of British Columbia (reprinted from Report of the British Association, 1889) (London); The Kwakiutl (Washington, 1897).

Teit, J. Traditions of the Thompson River Indians of British Columbia (Boston and New York, 1898).

Morice, A. G. Notes ... on the Western Dénés, Transactions of the Canadian Institute (1894).

Will, G. F., and Spinden, H. J. The Mandans [of North Dakota], (Peabody Museum, Cambridge, Mass., 1906).

Hill-Tout, C. British North America (the Far West) (London, 1907).

Dixon, R. B. The Northern Maidu [of California], Bulletin of American Museum of Natural History, vol. xvii (New York, 1905); The Shasta (California), ibid. (New York, 1907); The Chimariko Indians, University of California Publications in American Archæology and Ethnology (Berkeley, 1910).

Cranz. D. History of Greenland (London, 1820).

Rink, H. J. Tales and Traditions of the Eskimo (Edinburgh and London, 1875); The Eskimo Tribes (Copenhagen and London, 1887).

Boas, F. The Central Eskimo, Reports of the Bureau of Ethnology, 1884-1885 (Washington, 1888).

Rasmussen, Knud. People of the Polar North (London, 1908).

Radin, P., and Gray, L. H. Article "Eskimos" (in Hastings's Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics).

Mormonism

Riley, I. W. The Founder of Mormonism, a Psychological Study of Joseph Smith (New York, 1902).

Linn, W. A. The Story of the Mormons ... to the Year 1901 (New York 1902).621

Meyer, Edouard. Ursprung und Geschichte der Mormonen (Halle a. S., 1912).

Mexico

Sahagun, F. B. de. Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España (Mexico, 1829-1830, and Fr. tr.).

Acosta, J. de. Historia de las Indias (Eng. tr., C. R. Markham, London, 1880).

Herrera, A. de. Historia de las Indias Ocidentales (Eng. tr., London, 1825-1826).

Seler, E. Altmexikanische Studien, Publications of Berlin Museum für Völkerkunde, vi (1899); Gesammelte Abhandlungen zur amerikanischen Sprach-und Alterthumskunde (Berlin, 1902-1909).

Prescott, W. H. Conquest of Mexico (Boston, 1843).

Réville, A. Native Religions of Mexico and Peru (London, 1884).

Spence, L. Mythologies of Ancient Mexico and Peru (London, 1907).

Preuss, K. T. Die Feuergötter als Ausgangspunkt zum Verständniss der mexikanischen Religion, Mitteilungen der [Wiener] anthropologischen Gesellschaft (1903).

Nutall, Zelia. A Penitential Rite of the Ancient Mexicans, Archæological and Ethnological Papers of the Peabody Museum, Harvard University (Cambridge, Mass., 1904).

Toy, C. H. Mexican Human Sacrifice, Journal of American Folklore (Boston and New York, 1905).

Central America

Brinton, D. G. The Names of the Gods in the Kiche Myths of Central America, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society (Philadelphia, 1881); The Annals of the Cakchiquels (Philadelphia, 1885); Nagualism, a Study in Native American Folklore and History (Philadelphia, 1894).

Schellhas, P. Representations of Deities of the Maya Mss. (Eng. tr. of 2d ed. in Papers of the Peabody Museum, Harvard University) (Cambridge, Mass., 1904).

Tozzer, A. M. Comparative Study of the Mayas and Lacandones [of Yucatan] (New York and London, 1907).

Porto Rico

Fewkes, J. W. Aborigines of Porto Rico (in Reports of the Bureau of Ethnology, xxv) (Washington).

South America

La Vega, Garcilaso de. Comentarios reales de los Incas (1609; Eng. tr., ed. C. R. Markham, Rites and Laws of the Yncas) (London, 1870).

Prescott, W. H. Conquest of Peru (Boston, 1847).622

Bernau, J. H. Missionary Labors in British Guiana (London, 1847).

Im Thurn, F. Among the Indians of Guiana (London, 1883).

Réville and Spence. See under 'Mexico.'

Hyades, P., and Deniker, J. Mission scientifique du Cap Horn (Paris, 1882-1883, 1891-).

Von den Strinen, K. Unter den Naturvölkern Zentral-Brasiliens (Berlin, 1894).

Bässler, A. Altperuanische Kunst (1902).

Ehrenreich, P. Mythen und Legenden der südamerikanischen Urvölker (Berlin, 1905).

Farabee, W. C. Some Customs of the [Peruvian] Machegongos (reprinted from Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society) (Worcester, 1909).

Africa

Waitz-Garland. Anthropologie der Naturvölker (Leipzig, 1859-1872).

Ellis, W. History of Madagascar (London, 1838).

Fritsch, G. Die Eingeborenen Süd-Afrika's (Breslau, 1872).

Hahn, Th. Tsuni-Goam, the Supreme Being of the Khoi-Khoi (London, 1881).

Macdonald, D. Africana (London, 1882).

Macdonald, J. Manners, Customs, Superstitions and Religions of South-African Tribes, Journal of the Anthropological Institute, xix, xx (London); East Central African Customs, ibid., xxii (London, 1893).

Callaway, H. Religious System of the Amazulu (Natal, 1868-1870).

Ellis, A. B. The Tshi-speaking Peoples of the Gold Coast of West Africa (London, 1887); The Eẃe-speaking Peoples of the Slave Coast of West Africa (London, 1890); The Yoruba-speaking Peoples of the Slave Coast of West Africa (London, 1894).

Schneider, W. Religion der afrikanischen Naturvölker (Münster, Westphalia, 1891).

Hanoteau, A., and Letourneaux, A. La Kabylie (2d ed., Paris, 1893).

Westermarck, E. Nature of the Arab Ǧinn, Journal of the Anthropological Institute (London, 1900); L'âr, or the Transference of Conditional Curses in Morocco (in Anthropological Essays presented to E. B. Tylor) (Oxford, 1907).

Kingsley, Mary. Travels in West Africa (London, 1897); West African Studies (London, 1901).

Theal, G. M. Records of South-Eastern Africa (London, 1898-1900); History and Ethnography of South Africa (London, 1907-1910).

Quatrefages, A. de. The Pygmies (Eng. tr., New York, 1895).

Johnston, H. The Pygmies of the Great Congo Forest, Smithsonian Institution Reports, 1902 (Washington).

Schmidt, W. Stellung der Pygmäenvölker in der Entwicklungsgeschichte des Menschen (Stuttgart, 1910).623-624

Mac-Ritchie, D. Article "Dwarfs and Pygmies" (in Hastings's Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics).

Frobenius, L. Ursprung der afrikanischen Kulturen (1898; Eng. tr. in Smithsonian Institution Reports, 1898, Washington).

Hinde, S. L., and Mrs. Hildegarde. The Last of the Masai (London, 1901).

Hollis, A. C. The Masai (Oxford, 1905); The Nandi (Oxford, 1909).

Nassau, R. H. Fetichism in West Africa (London, 1904).

Kidd, D. The Essential Kafir (London, 1904).

Johnston, H. The Uganda Protectorate (London, 1904).

Partridge, C. Cross River Natives (London, 1905).

Roscoe, J. Manners and Customs of the Baganda, Journal of the Anthropological Institute, xxxi, xxxii (London); The Bahima, ibid. xxxvii (London).

Brun, P. Croyances et pratiques religieuses des Malinkés fétichistes, Anthropos, ii (Salzburg, 1907).

Leonard, A. G. The Lower Niger and its Tribes (London, 1906).

Milligan, R. H. The Fetish Folk of West Africa (New York, 1912).

INDEX

(The Arabic figures refer to paragraphs)

• Ablutions, sacred, 197
• Abnegation, offering as, 1040
• Abraham, abrogation of human sacrifice ascribed to, 847
• Abstractions, gods of, 695 ff.
• Abydos, chief seat of worship of Osiris, 728
• Acts, ritual, magical power in, 1019
• Adam Kadmon, 735
• Æschines as mystagogue, 1099 n. 1
• Aesculapius, shrine of, incubation at, 922
• Aeshma, prominent position of, 738
• Africa, clan deities in, 645;
  • food restrictions in, 457;
  • myths of clan origins in, 450
• Africa, Central, Islam in, 1146
• Africa, West, polypsychism in, 39
• Agdistis, birth of, 288 n. 2;
  • cult of, 413
• Age, mythopœic, 821
• ἅγιος, sense of, 626 n. 9
• Agnosticism, Chinese, 1006
• Agriculture, sacrifices in, 1035
• Ahura Mazda, relation of, to Varuna, 742
• Ainu, the, bear-cult of, 257;
  • gods of, 661, 672
• Alexander, deification of, 340, 347
• Alexandrian canon, 1130
• Ali, deification of, 355
• Allah, cultic significance of, 766
• Al-Lât, local nature of, 764
• Allegory, science of, 863
• Altar, origin of, 297, 1081;
  • religious purification of, 195
• Al-Uzza, local nature of, 764
• Amenhotep IV, reform of, 727
• America, examination of dead in, 76;
  • gods of, 662-665;
  • guardian spirits in, 504;
  • polypsychism in, 39;
  • power of priests in, 532;
  • social organizations in, 499;
  • tribal badges in, 446;
  • trickster heroes in, 633
• America, North, food restrictions in, 458
• America, Northwest, religiously inferior to the Eastern tribes, 527
• Amesha-spentas, the, 320, 703, 738
• Amon-Ra, supremacy of, 727
• Amulets, phallos and yoni as, 405, 406 n. 3
• Anahita, 739
• Ancestor-worship, 360 ff.;
  • moral power of, 380;
  • origin of totemism sought in, 544, 549
• Anchor, worship offered to, 891
• Androgynous deities, 407 ff.
• Angels, guardian, 673;
  • as rain-givers, 315 n. 6;
  • originators of arts, 843
• Angro Mainyu, 976
• Animals, abodes of souls, 25, 31;
  • connection of, with phallic deities, 419;
  • cult of, 241-261;
  • domestication of, ascribed to totemism, 564-569;
  • morning prayers to, 573;
  • whether religious sense in, 12 n. 2
• Anthesteria, the, apotropaic element in, 374;
  • prohibition of work in, 602
• Aphrodite, history of, 793 f.;
  • represented by a stone, 292
• Apocrypha, the, recognition of, 1131
• Apollo, development of, 770;
  • Delphian hymn to, 1088
• Apostle, Jewish title, 1110 n. 2
• Apotheosis, Roman, 353
• Apuleius, his conception of Isis, 1114
• Arabia, supposed abstract gods in, 698 ff.;
  • worship of morning star in, 717
• Aramea, deities of, 764
• Areoi, the, church-form of, 1096;
  • future privileges of, 74;
  • tyranny of, 531
• 626Ares, history of, 775
• Ark, the Israelite, 291
• Arrows, Arab divination by, 918
• Arta, Vedic, 688
• Artemis, functions of, 788;
  • Ephesian, image of, 300 n. 1
• Arval Brothers, the, 800
• Asha, Avestan, 688
• Ashanti, gods of, 660
• Ashera, Hebrew, origin of, 272
• Ashtar, relation of, to Ishtar, 763
• Ashtart, shem Baal, meaning of, 409
• Ashur, god, nature of, 759
• Ashurbanipal, dreams of, 922
• Assyria, influence of priests in, 1068
• Astrology, development of, 850, 914 f.
• Asylums, graves as, 369;
  • temples as, 1085
• Atargatis, origin and cult of, 399
• Aten, as sole ruler, 989
• Atharva-Veda, magic in, 902
• Athene, history of, 791 f.
• Athtar, relation of, to Ishtar, 763
• Atonement, Hebrew annual ceremony of, 142
• Attis, origin and cult of, 271, 413, 1066;
  • death of, 283
• Augustus, religious reconstruction by, 353;
  • temples consecrated to, 347
• Australia, absence of sacrifice in, 10;
  • ceremonies of, blood in, 10;
  • creators in, 639;
  • food restrictions in, 452;
  • rain clan in, 136;
  • rites, economic, in, 460;
  • totemism in, 468 ff.
• Australia, North, prohibition of eating totem in, 470
• Authority, religious, absolute, claim to, 1140
• Azazel, head of fallen angels, 692;
  • lord of wilderness and receiver of Jewish national sins, 142
•  
• Baal-shamem, meaning of, 409
• Baalzebub, meaning of, 671;
  • oracle of, 927
• Bab, the, function of, 1120
• Babe, as child of God, 188
• Babylonia, influence of priests in, 1068;
  • local gods in, 650;
  • omens in, 912;
  • Semitic mythopœic center, 868;
  • unlucky days in, 611
• Badges, function of, 501-503;
  • supposed origin of totems, 555
• Baetulus, etymology of, 294
• Baganda, the, totemistic usages among, 457, 511
• Bahaism, success of, 1120
• Bah´u'llah, founder of a church, and claimed to be incarnation of God, 1120
• Baiame, clan god, 644
• Bakuana, the, food restrictions among, 457
• Banana, incarnation of dead chief, 479
• Baptism, infant, result of its introduction, 1110;
  • proselyte, 198;
  • quasi-magical power attributed to, 198 n. 3
• Bards, Australian, 106
• Bathing, removal of taboo by, 616
• Bau, goddess of fertility, 761
• Bear, as messenger, 1024
• Beasts, pantheon of, 248
• Beelzebul, origin of, 671
• Beings, savage, whether regarded as eternal, 984 f.;
  • two supernatural, opposed to each other, 969
• Bene-Israel, the, persistence of Jewish customs among, 224 n.
• Bengal, oracles in, 927
• Bethel, Hebrew, meaning of, 294
• Bible, the, results of study of, 1135
• Bird, the, symbol of soul, 25
• Birth, supposed cause of, 34
• Blood, connection of, with life, 23;
  • expiatory power of, 1026;
  • inoculation with, in marriages, 178;
  • kinship of, totemic, 441
• Body, the, as seat of life, 26;
  • regarded as by nature nonsacred, 205
• Boedromia, the, 845
• Bombay, Parsiism in, 1145
• Bones, animal, not to be broken, 127;
  • divination by, 920
• Borneo, harvest taboos in, 599;
  • oracles in, 927
• Bo-tree, the, worship under, 281
• Boundaries, gods of, 704
• Bowels, the, as seat of emotion, 27
• Brahma, impersonal, 730;
  • meaning of, 703
• Brain, the, relation of, to thought, 28;
  • Arabic conception of, 28
• Brides, taboos on, 179
• Brotherhood, blood-, 169
• 627Buddhism, agnosticism of, 1007;
  • canons of, 1129;
  • diffusion of, 1142, 1147
• Bull, the, worship of, 258
• Bunjil, Australian, nature of, 644
• Burma, Buddhism in, 1142
• Bush, burning, god in, 279
• Bushmen, cult of mantis by, 257
• Byblos, sacred prostitution at, 1066
•  
• Cadmus, culture-hero, 843
• Cælus, 722
• Cæsar, Julius, deified, 353
• Cainites, the, 693
• Çakti, cult of, 734
• Çaktism, cultic significance of, 406
• Calendars, savage, 210 f.
• Calif Omar, embassy of, to Persia, 916
• California, cosmogony in, 829;
  • ghost dance in, 108
• Caligula, divine honors accorded to, 347
• Canaan, sun-cult in, 753
• Canons, religious, 1128 ff.
• Çaoshyanç, the, prophetic function of, 348
• Caracalla, enrollment of, among the heroes, 353 n. 2
• Carthage, cult of Tanit in, 410
• Ceremonies, marriage-, whether essentially religious, 178-183;
  • religious, merrymaking in, 1057;
  • religious, later interpretation of, 103
• Ceres, origin of, 803
• Ceylon, Buddhism in, 1142
• Chaldeans, astrological science of, 914 f.;
  • charlatanry of, 927
• Chaos, philosophical conception of, 685
• Charms, animal and vegetable, 229;
  • attitude of men toward, 239
• Chastity, origin of demand for, 594
• Chiefs, relief from taboo by, 615;
  • sacredness of, 595
• Child, death of, ceremonies at, 191 n. 4;
  • name of, how chosen, 187;
  • newborn, purification of, by water, 197;
  • perils of, 589;
  • prenatal influence on, 481
• Childbirth, future of women dying in, 75
• Children, first-born, sacrifice of, 134;
  • savage training of, 146
• China, Buddhism in, 1142;
  • conception of kinship with the dead in, 193;
  • divinization of emperor in, 345;
  • expulsion of spirits in, 140;
  • no priestly class in national religion of, 1074;
  • official religion of, 748;
  • polypsychism in, 39;
  • sky and earth as progenitors in, 992;
  • stress on earthly life in, 992;
  • supremacy of Heaven in, 992;
  • tutelary gods in, 672
• Christendom, development of ritual in, 1060
• Christian canon, formation of, 1131
• Christian monachism, 1126
• Christian writers, early, interpretation of myths by, 873
• Christianity, diffusion of, 1144, 1147;
  • dualism of, 977
• Chunder Sen, church-founder, 1119
• Church, Buddhistic, 1106;
  • pre-Christian idea of, 1101
• Churches, origin and function of, 1095 ff.;
  • influence of, 1137 ff.;
  • temptations of, 1139
• Cicero, on cerebrum as seat of mind, 28;
  • on origin of the soul, 36
• Circumambulation, object of, 112
• Circumcision, 153-168
• Çiva, 733
• Civilization, mythical origin of, 843
• Clan, rain-, Australian, 136;
  • relation of, to marriage customs, 423;
  • supposed deliberate choice of totem by, 554
• Clans, mythical origin of, 450;
  • non-exogamous totemic, 436
• Clanship, totemic, religious side of, 571
• Climate, effect of, on totemic usages, 470;
  • Iranian, 976 n. 3
• Clothing, origin of, 114
• Code, moral, regarded as will of God, 1166
• Codes, good and bad, accepted by religion, 1162 f.
• Conceptional theory of the origin of totemism, 548
• Conceptions, mythical, historical development of, 871
• Conduct, association of, with religion, 1161
• Confucianism not ecclesiastical, 1103
• 628Confucius, deified, 354;
  • teaching of, 1103
• Congo, death of souls held in, 48
• Conscience, religious development of, 1170
• Consecration by sacrifice, 1033
• Constitution, savage social, composite character of, 620
• Control, supernatural, common to all religions, 1149
• Corpse, savage attitude toward, 590
• Corruption, monachistic, 1127
• Cosmogonies, civilized, 829 ff.;
  • savage, 255, 829
• Cosmogony, Babylonian, 316;
  • Hebrew, 830 n. 5
• Courtesans, temple-, in West Africa and India, 1066
• Couvade, the, 589;
  • origin of, 185
• Coyote, the, malicious, 634;
  • place of soul of, 31 n. 4
• Creation, Iranian, out of nothing, 830 n. 3;
  • myths of, 828-833
• Creatianism, 37
• Creators, American, 678;
  • mutually antagonistic, 831
• Creeds, value of elasticity in, 1136
• Crests, relation of, to totem, 502
• Criminals, detection of, by divination, 918
• Cult, synagogal, national character of, 1108
• Cults, alien, adoption of, 1148 n. 1;
  • collocation of, 279;
  • individuality of, how obscured, 1153;
  • orgiastic, derived from Asia Minor, 1101;
  • popular, polytheistic, 986
• Culture, as basis of classification of religions, 1150
• Culture-heroes, 637 ff.
• Curse, conditional, 926
• Curses and blessings, relation of, to worship, 1090
• Customs, mythical origin of, 844 f.
• Cyprus, supposed bisexual deity in, 411
•  
• Dahomi, cult of indwelling spirit in, 43 n. 2;
  • ghost as family protector in, 533;
  • gods of, 660
• Daimonia, Greek, as demons, 890
• Dance, Green Corn, Cherokee, 490;
  • Snake, economic, 461 n. 1
• Dances, cultic rôle of, 106 ff.;
  • symbolic, 1032
• Danger, magical, origin of, 586
• Daniel, book of, resurrection in, 90
• Daramulun, origin of, 644
• Dead, the, as advocates, 94;
  • as underground deities, 372;
  • Babylonian prayer to, 371;
  • Brahmanic ceremonies for, 96;
  • charms for, 95 n. 5;
  • cult of, 350 ff.;
  • dependent on the living, 361;
  • magical coercion of, 1021
• Death, infection of air by, 591;
  • origin of, 834;
  • savage view of, 38
• Deconsecration by sacrifice, 1033
• Dedication, Jewish feast of, 1089
• Deities, female, minor Roman, 803;
  • immoralities of, 1013;
  • nature of, defined by science, 1157;
  • need of caution in approaching, 196;
  • Roman, primitive, 797
• Delphi, sacred fire at, 321
• Demeter, origin of, 784
• Demigods, dedivinization of, 358
• Demiurge, Gnostic, 3
• Demons, dwelling in plants, 266;
  • exorcism of, 139;
  • future torture by, 75;
  • relation of, to gods, 694;
  • religious utility of, 690
• Depravity, total, religious view of, 1172
• Devil, the, grandmother of, 643 n. 1;
  • in New Testament, 977
• Diana, nature of, 806
• Dido, self-immolation of, 1048
• Dies Irae, the, 940
• Dionysiac cult, partly Hellenized, 1099
• Dionysus, history of, 776 ff.
• Divination, definition of, 905;
  • organization of, 906
• Diviner, the, civil and social recognition of, 908;
  • ecstatic state of, 907
• Divinity, tutelary, tenderness for, 653
• Doctrines, religious, tried by moral standards, 1164
• Dodona, history of oak of, 279
• Dog, name of male sacred prostitutes, 1066
• Dogmas, religious, philosophical character of, 880
• Domestication of animals and plants, relation of, to totemism, 523, 564 ff.
• 629Dough, images of, eaten in Mexico, 222
• Dreams, as presages, 921 f.
• Dualism, 968 ff.;
  • alleged, of Iroquois, 970;
  • of mind and matter, 1004, 1007;
  • Manichæan, 1115;
  • monachistic, 1121;
  • Persian, 976;
  • savage, 683 ff.
• Dukduk, the, police rôle of, 531
• Dupuis, stellar theory of, 864, 866
• Durga, reverence for, 693
• Dusares, origin of, 764
• Dyaks, Sea-, deities of, 659
• Dyaus, rôle of, 734
• Dylan, Celtic deity, 974
• Dynasties, divine, 721 ff.
•  
• Ea, origin and growth of, 756
• Eating, whether sacramental in Australia, 128
• Eclipses, mythical cause of, 849
• Economic questions, relation of religion to, 1163
• Ecstasy as condition of revelation, 906 f.
• Eden, magical trees of, 275;
  • story of, 959
• Effects, magical, how set aside, 886
• Egbo, the, police rôle of, 531
• Egypt, abstract gods of, 701;
  • divine animals slain in, 888;
  • kings of, deified after death, 352;
  • phallicism in, 397;
  • power of priests in, 1067;
  • Ptolemaic monks in, 1123;
  • specialized gods in, 666;
  • sun-cult of, 712;
  • tree-worship in, 281;
  • unlucky days in, 611
• El, meaning of, 766
• Elder, Jewish title, 1110 n. 2
• Elegba, phallic character of, 393
• Elohim, use of, in Old Testament, 766
• Endor, the woman of, 895
• Enlil, nature of, 757
• Enoch, book of, Azazel in, 692;
  • resurrection in, 90;
  • satans in, 689;
  • Sheol in, 85
• Entrails, divination by, 919
• Epicurus, atomic theory of, 1008;
  • practical atheism of, 1006
• Equinoxes, calendars fixed by, 211, 215 f.;
  • Peruvian ceremonies at, 216
• Eremites, Brahmanic, 1122
• Erinyes, the, function of, 974
• Erythræ, Sibyl of, 937
• Eshmun, character of, 764
• Eskimo, the animals revered by, 505;
  • destruction of the soul held by, 46
• Essenes, the, 1125
• Eternal, a term not found in savage thought, 985
• Ethics, relation of, to religion, 1161 ff.
• Euhemerism, 359, 382
• Europe, Islam in, 1146
• Evil, moral, existence of, how treated by religion, 1171
• Exogamy, origin of, 429 ff.
• Expiation by sacrifice, 1033
• Eye, the, palpitation of, omen, 916
• Ezekiel, taboos in ritual of, 597
•  
• Family, the, Polynesian social unit, 485
• Fasting, religious, 204-208
• Fate, in Homer and Hesiod, 998
• Fates, the, 687
• Father, the, perils of, 589
• Fathers, the, Hindu and Persian, worship paid to, 371
• Feasts, communal, economical function of, 1023;
  • funeral, origin of, 190 n. 3, 364;
  • Mithraic, 1043, 1046
• Ferryman, souls conducted by, 65
• Festivals, licentious, nonreligious, 387;
  • Priapic, 402;
  • religious, influence of, 1089
• Fetish, definition of, 230 n. 2; African, cult of, 540
• Figures, divine, composite, 725, 861
• Fiji, examination of dead in, 78, 81;
  • extinction of soul held in, 48;
  • future punishment in, 72;
  • polypsychism in, 39;
  • village deities in, 482
• Fire, sacredness of, 318 ff.; theft of, 318 n. 1
• Flood, great, stories of, 832
• Folk-lore, material of, 859
• Folk-tales, scurrilous feature in, 247
• Food, sacramental sharing of, 1023
• Force, personal, moral, religious conception of, 1158
• Form, literary, of myths, 856
• Forms, liturgical, symbolical interpretation of, 1061
• Fortune, personalized as deity, 702
• 630Fortunes, human, determined on new year's day, 214
• Founders, shrines to, 357;
  • the three great, 1151
• Fravashis, the, as guardians, 673
• Frazer, J. G., on the death of the god, 1047
• Fuegians, fear anger of a supernatural being, 1161
• Funerals, buffoonery at, 364 n. 5
• Fung-Shui, nature of, 926
• Fusion, social, basis of religious unity, 1147
•  
• Gad, deity, whether abstract, 699
• Gehenna, New Testament conception of, 85
• Genealogies, savage and civilized, 840 f.
• Genesia, the Greek, 1089
• Genesis, book of, accounts of creation in, 830 n. 5;
  • table of nations in, 841
• Genius, the, 672;
  • resemblance of, to mana, 233;
  • not a separate personality, 43
• Ghosts, Australian belief in, 18;
  • difference of, from gods, 635;
  • fear of, 139, 366;
  • occupations of, 61;
  • police function of, 379;
  • prayers addressed to, 367
• Giants, Greek and Teutonic, 686
• Gifts, to gods, material of, 1022;
  • utilized by worshipers, 1023
• Gilgamesh, adventures of, 853;
  • consultation of, 927;
  • myth of, 959
• Girls, marriage of, to trees, 274
• God, the, definition of, 635, 643;
  • genesis of, 636
• God, Sons of, in Old Testament, 343;
  • transcendence of, 1004
• Goddesses, Babylonian and Assyrian, 760 ff.;
  • Egyptian, 729;
  • Greek, 781 ff.;
  • Hindu, 784;
  • maiden, 785;
  • Roman, 803 ff.
• Gods, abstract, 695 ff.;
  • ancient, universal, 958;
  • antagonism of, to men, 958;
  • capture of, 290 n. 1;
  • complicated functions of, 708;
  • conflicts between, meaning of, 858;
  • connection of, with planets, 715, 915;
  • death of, 50 n. 5;
  • departmental, development of, 656;
  • identification of, with animals, 577;
  • otiose, Epicurean, 1006;
  • process of growth of, 720;
  • rain, local deities as, 314;
  • relation of their humanization to polytheism and monotheism, 964;
  • separation of, from phenomena, 720;
  • stones entered by, 298;
  • supremacy of, how determined, 724;
  • whether developed out of totems, 577
• Golden Rule, the, formulations of, 1162
• Goodwin Sands, origin of, 891 n. 8
• Grandfather, divine title, 643;
  • chameleon as, 449
• Great Hare, the, 856
• Great Mother, Ephesian, 789;
  • Phrygian, Roman cult of, 938
• Greece, abstract gods of, 702;
  • consultation of dead in, 927;
  • functions of priests in, 1072;
  • omens in, 912;
  • specialized gods in, 667;
  • taboo days in, 603;
  • theistic scheme of, 795
• Greek Church, canon of, 1131
• Greenland, repair of souls in, 30
• Groves, as places of worship, 268
• Growth, social, religious, 1015
• Guardians, animal, 496;
  • plant, 267
• Guinea, New, hunting-charms in, 129;
  • tribal badges in, 445
•  
• Hades, god, moral significance of, 780
• Hades, place, Greek and Roman gods of, 682;
  • organization of, 69;
  • submarine, 67
• Hadith, value of, 1133
• Hadrian, address of, to soul, 25 n. 3
• Half-sister, marriage with, 428
• Hammurabi, code of, ordeal in, 925
• Hannibal, oath of, 308
• Hanuman, monkey-god, not totemic, 577 n. 3
• Haoma, deification of, 270
• Haram, Arabian, sanctity of, 1082
• Haruspex, function of, 931
• Hawaii, death of souls held in, 48;
  • fishery taboos in, 599;
  • despotism of taboo in, 621;
  • overthrow of taboo in, 629
• Hearth, sacredness of, 236
• Heaven, feeble Semitic recognition of, 753;
  • of Indra, 731
• 631Heaven and Earth, Hindu, 734;
  • Maori, 678;
  • marriage-embrace of, 329
• Heavenly bodies, cult of, 328 ff.;
  • sex of, 331
• Hebrews, ordeal in law of, 925;
  • taboo days of, 603;
  • tree-cult of, 272
• Hekate, function of, 790
• Hera, origin of, 782 f.
• Heracles, labors of, 853
• Heraclitus, sayings of, 1004
• Hemaphroditos, 415 f.
• Hermes, development of, 772
• Herodotus, phallic cults mentioned by, 397
• Heroes, cult of, in Greece, 373;
  • in Torres Straits islands, 475;
  • identification of, with animals, 577
• Hesiod, division of universe by, 779;
  • half-gods of, 652;
  • unlucky days mentioned by, 611
• Hestia, significance of, 787
• Hiawatha, how made into a god, 358 n. 5
• Hierapolis, phallic cult at, 399
• Histories, tribal, in stones, 302
• Holocaust, expiation by, 1045
• Homage, offering as expression of, 1040
• Home, the, as center of religious development, 654
• Homer, meaning of dios in, 347
• Homilies, Clementine, annihilation in, 52
• Honover, the Mazdean, magical use of, 900
• Horseshoes, witches restrained by, 145
• Horus, conflict of, with Set, 726;
  • kings identified with, 339;
  • original character of, 726;
  • victory of, not absolute, 186
• Hubert and Mauss, their theory of sacrifice, 1049 f.
• Humanism, 1158
• Hymns, Egyptian, Babylonian and Assyrian, Hebrew, Hindu, Avestan, Greek, 1087 f.
•  
• Idolatry, rôle of, 1091 ff.
• Images, eaten by Mexicans, 1047;
  • formal development of, 1091;
  • ithyphallic, 389, 402 ff.;
  • symbolical interpretation of, 1093
• Immersion, symbolic significance of, 198
• Imru'l-Kais, treatment of oracle by, 927
• Inca, the, ecclesiastical power of, 1117
• Incarnation, Ismailic and Babist, 344
• Incense, food of deity, 1025
• Incest, cause of horror of, 435
• Indecency, savage, 107
• India, abstract gods of, 703;
  • birthplace of monachism, 1122;
  • bisexual cult in, 416;
  • harmful Powers not organized in, 975;
  • heaven and hell in, 82;
  • ordeals in, 925;
  • power of priests in, 1070;
  • Sankhya philosophy of, 1007;
  • sun-cult of, 713;
  • theistic bodies in, 1119 n. 3
• Individualism, fostered by churches, 1138
• Indra, development of, 731, 830
• Infibulation, 162
• Infinite, the, sense of, 9
• Interpretations of sacred books, 1136
• Intervention, divine, rejected by science, 1010
• Intoxication, inspiration by, 899
• Introcision, Australian, 162
• Isaiah, book of, supposed mention of phallus in, 398;
  • secret cults described in, 1100 n. 2
• Ishtar, origin and development of, 762 f.;
  • descent of, to Hades, 283;
  • myth of, 959
• Isis, origin of, 729;
  • late cult of, ceremonies in, 1059;
  • organization of the cult, 1114
• Isis, as magician, 729;
  • as model wife and mother, 729
• Islam, canon of, 1133;
  • conquests of, 1146 f.;
  • no priesthood in, 1080;
  • not a church, 1116
• Ismailic movement, the, 1116
• Israel, organization of priesthood in, 1069
•  
• Jacob, anointment of stone by, 294
• Jainism, a nontheistic church, 1107
• Jamnia, synod of, 1130
• Janus, nature of, 799
• Japan, divinization of emperor in, 346;
  • phallicism in, 395
• Jensen, mythical theory of, 870
• 632Jephthah, daughter of, ceremony of mourning for, 845, 1100
• Jesus, object of his teaching, 1110;
  • not an Essene, 1125;
  • resurrection of, 1011 n.
• Jews, formation of canon of, 1130;
  • genius of, for organization of public religion, 1108
• Jubilee, Hebrew, object of, 223
• Judaism, diffusion of, 1143;
  • failure of, to create a church, 1108
• Juno, nature of, 804
• Juno, the, not a separate personality, 43;
  • representative of woman's personality, 804
• Jupiter, origin and development of, 798;
  • represented by a stone, 292
•  
• Kaaba, the, black stone of, 295
• Kafirs, effigies erected by, 370
• Kalevala, the, mythology of, 856, 955
• Kami, Shinto, meaning of, 645
• Karens, the, Christianization of, 1144
• Karma, Buddhistic, 1007
• Ker, the, as form of soul, 25 n. 3
• Khonds, the, deities of, 659
• Khuen-Aten, reform of, 989
• Kindness to fellows, universal, 1162
• Kings, Babylonian, whether worshiped, 341
• Koran, the, relation of, to Moslem science, 1135;
  • prayer against witches in, 895
• Kore, the, origin of, 786
• Korea, Buddhism in, 1142
• Krishna, ethical significance of, 733
• Kronids, the, governmental rôle of, 779
• Kronos, 768 n. 3
• Kteis, the, veneration of, 406
• Kybele, cult of, 413
•  
• Lamas, Grand, ascription of divinity to, 348
• Language, origin of, no myths of, 642
• Lao-tsze, system of, 749
• Lapis manalis, function of, 289
• Lapps, the, primacy of, in magic, 902
• Law, civil, relation of, to taboo, 614;
  • idea of, in charms, 1020;
  • natural, germinal conception of, 7;
  • natural, domination of, 1158
• League, Iroquois, 489
• Legend, connection of, with myth, 859
• Lemuria, the, apotropaic element in, 374;
  • prohibition of work in, 602
• Leto, Titaness, 788 n. 1
• License, in festivals, 135, 219;
  • sexual, adopted by religion, 1163
• Life, annihilation of, 46, 51;
  • identified with breath, 21;
  • mysteriousness of, 385;
  • nobility given to, by religion, 1166, 1173;
  • relation of blood to, 23;
  • unitary character of, 14
• Light, as symbol, 857;
  • significance of, in myths, 858
• Linga, the, worship of, in India, 394
• Liver, the, as seat of life, 27;
  • divination by, 919
• Living, the, cult of, 336 ff.
• Llew, Celtic deity, 974
• Loki, not independent creator of evil, 974;
  • tricksy traits in, 638 n. 4
• Lot, wife of, 288
• Lots, divinatory use of, 918
• Love, toward the deity, 5;
  • as a divine personality, 704
• Luck, relation of, to magic, 238
• Lunation, the, divisions of, 606
• Lupercalia, the, purification in, 201
•  
• Maccabees, Second, resurrection in, 90
• Macrobiotes, 835
• Macrobius, on a bisexual cult, 411
• Magi, the, Mazdean, 897
• Magic, in religion, 1090;
  • methods of, 886;
  • no worship in, 888;
  • relation of, to taboo, 618 f.;
  • to totemism, 574;
  • use of, for procuring food, 129 ff.;
  • when under the ban, 891;
  • white, 901
• Magician, office of, preparation for, 894
• Magicians, sometimes political rulers, 898 n. 4
• Magna Mater of Pessinus, 291
• Maia, conjecture as to origin of, 845
• Mamertius, expulsion of, 143
• Man, early, logicalness of, 246;
  • medicine, 493;
  • prehistoric, whether religious, 12
• 633Mana, definition of, 231-236;
  • producer of sympathy between all things, 886;
  • relation of, to taboo, 586;
  • synonyms of, 231 n. 1
• Manichæism, as a church, 1115;
  • causes of its success, 978
• Mantis, Bushman cult of, 257
• Mantis, Greek, function of, 931
• Marduk, cult of, 758, 990
• Marriage, restrictions on, 177 n. 2, 439
• Mars, development of, 800;
  • shield of, 845
• Martyr, spirit of, where shown, 1167
• Masai, the, two chief gods of, 660
• Mashalists, Hebrew, 862 n. 1
• Massebas, Canaanite, 293
• Masters and servants, exchange of places between, 219
• Masturbation, savage practice of, 163 n. 1
• Materialism, deistic, 1008
• Matter, eternity of, 1005, 1007
• Maui, Polynesian, rôle of, 678
• Mazdaism, origin and nature of, 740, 745;
  • canon of, 1132
• Meal, communal, reconciliation of deity by, 1043;
  • communion in, between human participants, 1044;
  • eucharistic, in "Teaching of the Twelve Apostles," 1046
• Medicine man, the, 892
• Melanesia, animal incarnations in, 676;
  • cult of divinized men in, 647;
  • descent from totem in, 449;
  • food restrictions in, 454;
  • power of chiefs in, 538;
  • protection of property by taboo in, 600;
  • specialization of divine functions in, 658
• Meleager, life of, dependent on a piece of wood, 274
• Men, race of, preceding the present, 833
• Mendes, goat-god of, 774 n. 6
• Meni, god, whether abstract, 699
• Mercurius, Roman development of, not traceable, 802
• Merneptah, dream of, 922
• Mexico, gods of, 664;
  • prominence of priests in, 1075;
  • sun-cult of, 711
• Minerva, development of, 807
• Miracles, belief in, periods of, 1156 ff.;
  • grounds of objection to, 1011;
  • when not demanded, 1159
• Mithra, birth of, 288 n. 2;
  • organisation of cult of, 1113
• Mithraism, mysteries of, 1059
• Mitra, association of, with Varuna, 730
• Mohads, the, organization of, 1116
• Monachism, 1121 ff.
• Monasteries, functions of, 1127
• Monolatry, Hebrew, influence of, 994 f.
• Monotheism, alleged savage, 985;
  • development of, 987 ff.
• Moon, the, cultic history of, 714
• Morabits, the, organization of, 1116
• Morality, conflict of, with taboo, 632
• Mother, the, magical perils of, 589
• Mother, the Great, 1066
• Mother-in-law, the, taboos on, 593
• Motifs, mythical, tabulation of, 879
• Mountains as abodes of souls, 65
• Mourning-usages, savage, 363
• Mozoomdar, theistic reformation of, 1119
• Müller, F. Max, solar theory of, 865, 876
• Müller, K. O., treatment of myths by, 875
• Murder, purification after, 195
• Music, temple-, 1088
• Mylitta, temple of, prostitution at, 1066
• Mysteries, Eleusinian, 845;
  • failure of, 1097 f.;
  • Greek, ceremonies of, 1059;
  • survival of effects of, 1101
• Mystery, New Testament use of the term, 1101
• Mythology, relation of, to culture, 951 ff.
• Myths, borrowing of, 823 ff.;
  • educational value of, 862;
  • Indo-European, character of, 960 ff.;
  • persistence of, 881;
  • purification of, 1157;
  • savage origin of, 822
•  
• Nabonidus, centralizing effort of, 751
• Nagual, meaning of, 672
• Names, demonic, 691;
  • divine, magical power of, 899;
  • divine, Persian, 743;
  • proper, of gods, 646
• Nana, goddess, nature of, 761;
  • carried off, 888
• 634Nandi, the, grain of, blessed by the god, 220;
  • months how named by, 213
• Natchez, the, sun-cult of, 710
• Naturalism, 1158
• Navahos, the, creative beings of, 639, 645
• Nazirite, the, restrictions on, 597
• Ndengei, other-world god, 680
• Necessity, Plato's conception of, 1001
• Necromancy, Hebrew, 377
• Neith, inscription in temple of, 729
• Nemi, priest of, 274
• Neptunus, 802
• New Testament, Satan in, 689
• Nicknames, supposed origin of totemism, 557
• Nightmare, as ghost, 61 n. 4
• Nikkal, Panjab god, 337
• Niobe, relation of, to stone-cult, 288
• Nose, the, boring through septum of, 151
•  
• Obelisks, Egyptian, function of, 299
• Odin, humanization of, 358;
  • self-immolation of, 1048
• Offerings, cannibal, 1027;
  • unbloody, placatory virtue of, 1038
• Officer, French, worshiped after death, 351
• Ogboni, the, police rôle of, 531
• Old Testament, the, conception of sacrifice in, 1037;
  • kings in, not deified, 343;
  • stars and planets in, 716
• Olympus, as council-house, 305
• On, seat of worship of Ra, 727
• Ophites, the, 693
• Optimism, religious, ethical value of, 1173
• Oracles, 927 ff.; Sibylline, Jewish, 939 f.
• Ordeals, 308, 924 f.
• Order, Chinese stress on, 747
• Organization, churchly, Hindu approach to, 1118;
  • nontotemic, 526;
  • religious, Jewish capacity for, 995;
  • social, of animals, 242;
  • theistic, Greek, 997
• Osiris, death of, 283;
  • myth of, 958;
  • mythical biography of, 728
•  
• Paintings, totemic, 117
• Palmistry, 917
• Pan, development of, 773 f.
• Panbabylonianism, 866 f.
• Pantheism, ethical, difficulties of, 1005;
  • Hindu, 705
• Pantheon, Greek, 767;
  • Roman, 796;
  • Yoruban, 678
• Paradise, earthly, 835
• Parentalia, the, 374
• Patriarch, the, jealousy of, 432
• Patron, divine, of individual, 550
• Pausanias, local cults described by, 651
• Pele, nature of, 890
• Pelews, the, theistic material of, 484
• Persecution, religious, 1163
• Persia, abstract gods of, 763;
  • Babism in, at the present day, 1120
• Peru, cult of, compared with Chinese, 993;
  • functions of priests in, 1075;
  • gods of, 665;
  • negation of religious freedom in, 1117;
  • sun-cult of, 711
• Pesah, Hebrew ceremony of, 144
• Peter, Apocalypse of, future punishment in, 86
• Phallicism, 388 ff.
• Pharmakos, the, expulsion of, 143
• Philo, allegorical interpretation of, 863;
  • combination of Platonism and Judaism by, 1104;
  • description of the Therapeutae by, 1124
• Philosophers, Greek, attitude of, toward divination, 941 n. 1;
  • theistic views of, 1000 f.
• Philosophy, Greek, not ecclesiastical, 1104
• Phimosis, supposed prevention of, 157
• Phœnicia, deities of, 764
• Photographs, suspicion of, 22 n. 2
• Phratry, the, origin of, 423 f.
• Phrygia, cults of, 414
• Piaculum, the, origin and nature of, 1045 f.
• Pig as divine messenger, 1024
• Pillar, Hermes-, as waymark, 296
• Planets, connection of, with gods, 715
• Plants, history of domestication of, 564 ff.
• Plato, description of Tartarus by, 84, 87;
  • divination highly esteemed 635by, 931;
  • function of brain, how regarded by, 28
• Platonopolis, a, proposed, 1104
• Pleiades, the, Arab cult of, 717;
  • savage observation of, 216
• Plouton, function of, 780
• Poets, Greek, theistic views of, 999
• Poles, house-, crests carved on, 445
• Polygamy, recognition of, by religion, 1163
• Polynesia, antitotemic governments of, 538;
  • family the social unit in, 485;
  • sacredness of chiefs in, 336;
  • specialization of divine functions in, 658
• Porphyry, his conception of sacrifice, 1037
• Poseidon, power of, 771
• Powers, divine, coercion of, 3
• Prajapati, primacy of, 730
• Prayer, animals approached by, 125;
  • unifying influence of, 880
• Prayers, difference of, from charms, 1020
• Pregnancy, mysterious nature of, 588
• Prepuce, magical power of, 166
• Priest, relation of, to magician, 893
• Priest, term, use of in Christian churches, 1080
• Priestesses, functions of, 1064
• Priests, as diviners, 929 f.;
  • as interpreters of dreams, 923;
  • moral influence of, 1077 f.;
  • quasi-divine authority of, 203
• Prithivi, 734
• Prohibitions, civil, difference of, from magical, 584
• Prometheus, victory of, over a god, 888
• Promiscuity, early, 430;
  • whether primitive, 180
• Prophet, the, excited by dance, 110;
  • relation of, to magician, 893
• Proselytes, Jewish, influence of, 1108
• Prostitution, sacred, 1065 ff.
• Psalter, the Old Testament, moral and religious tone of, 1087
• Puberty, mysteriousness of, 146
• Purge, purificatory power of, 205
• Purim, feast of, 1089
• Puskita (busk), the Creek, religious significance of, 201
• Pythagoreanism, traces of, in Essenism, 1125;
  • South Italian, 1098
• Pythia, the, moral influence of, 927
•  
• Qat, rôle of, 640, 677
• Quetzalcoatl, myths of, 847 n. 1
•  
• Rainbow, the, no cult of, 718
• Ramadan, fast of, moral effects of, 208
• Rammohun Roy, 1119
• Raven, the, myths of, 640 n. 2
• Raymi, feast of, 321
• Reason, basis of religious belief, 1155
• Redemption, element of, in sacrifice, 1048;
  • senses of, 1151
• Reform Judaism, racial character of, 1143
• Reincarnation, 55 ff.;
  • moral value of, 89;
  • of ancestor in child, 186;
  • supposed relation of, to immortality, 59
• Relationship, in blood, 426;
  • basis of classification, 425
• Religion, definition of, 1;
  • adoption of taboo by, 633;
  • codes adopted by, 1162 f.;
  • coeval with science, 1;
  • communal character of, 103;
  • decoration used in, 120 f.;
  • impersonal cult in, 2;
  • influence of, on ethics, 1165;
  • influence of priesthood in, 1076;
  • alliance of, with the state, 1117, 1140;
  • isolation of, 1137;
  • pre-animistic, 2 n. 2;
  • primitive form of, whether monotheistic, 982;
  • relation of, to magic;
  • relation of, to totemism, 570 ff.;
  • utilitarian point of view in, 5
• Religions, classifications of, 1148;
  • higher, culture-myths in, 641;
  • national, differences among, 810;
  • never nonethical, 1013;
  • of single founders, 1151;
  • redemptive, organization in, 1059
• "Republic," the, mendicant prophets mentioned in, 1099 n. 1
• Revelation, supposed primitive, 982
• Rewards and punishments, as motives, 1165
• Rhapsodists, Greek, 862 n. 1
• Rice, soul of, 265 n. 1
• Right-doing, egoistic element in, 1170
• 636Ritual, development of, 1055;
  • magical, 1057;
  • origin of, 15;
  • relation of, to myth, 846
• Roman Church, canon of, 1131
• Rome, abstract gods of, 702;
  • influence of priests in, 1073;
  • omens in, 912;
  • specialized gods in, 668 ff.;
  • taboo days in, 603;
  • unlucky days in, 611
• Romulus, divinized founder, 357
• Rules, ethical, origin of, 582
•  
• Sabbath, Hebrew, relation of, to full moon, 608
• Sacer, sense of, 626 n. 9
• Sacra gentilicia, 1043
• Sacred books, study induced by, 1135
• Sacred flesh, reconciliation by sharing, 1042
• Sacred places, connection of, with myths, 848
• Sacrifice, animal, movement against, 1053;
  • as gift to a deity, 1040;
  • human, 1029 ff.;
  • individual, 1034;
  • in marriage ceremonies, 181 n. 2;
  • occasions of, 1033 ff.;
  • purificatory power of, 200;
  • removal of taboo by, 616;
  • Vedic, as embassy, 1024
• Saint, the, function of, 1168
• Saints, as patrons of fertility, 420;
  • as rechristened old gods, 301
• Sallustius, philosopher, faith of, 1152 n. 2
• Salvation, physical and moral, 1149
• Sama, Fijian god, 48
• Samoa, divination in, 911;
  • taboo on potato fields in, 599
• Samson, solar interpretation of, 853
• Sanctions, supernatural, how far effective, 1165
• Sanctity, Brahmanic, 1122
• Sancus, Roman development of, obscure, 802
• Sankhya philosophy, 1007
• Satan, development of, 689
• Saturn, history of, 801
• Saturnalia, the, 801
• Saturnia regna, 801
• Saul, consultation of Samuel by, 927
• Savages, beliefs not formulated by, 20;
  • cultic discrimination of, 227;
  • ethical codes of, 76;
  • isolated groups of, 103
• Scandinavia, storm-myths of, 851
• Science, primitive, 1, 1156;
  • relation of, to religion, 1154 ff.
• Scriptures, sacred, influence of, 1134 ff.
• Seasons, agricultural, solemn, 135
• Secretions, human, potency of, 156
• Self, the, doubles of, 22, 24
• Sen, reformer, worshiped as god, 348
• Sentiment, religious, alliances of, 15
• Senussi, the, organization of, 1116 n. 2
• Sequence, savage theory of, 883 ff.
• Serpent, cult of, 250, 257;
  • divine, in Genesis, 275
• Servius, on bisexual cult, 411
• Set, conflict of, with Horus, 726
• Sexes, the, animal patrons of, 472;
  • early separation of, 182
• Shades, powers of, 91
• Shaman, the, wherein different from the priest, 1062
• Shamanism, 661
• Shedu, the, character of, 890
• Shinto, term, meaning of, 750
• Shrines, oracular, 927
• Siam, Buddhism in, 1142
• Siberia, Big Grandfather of, 640
• Sibyls, 933 ff.;
  • the Cumæan, 277
• Signs manual, crests as, 445
• Sikhs, the, churchly form of, 1118
• Simplification, religious, process of, 944
• Siren, form of soul, 25 n. 3
• Skulls, oracular responses by, 192, 369
• Sky, the, abode of departed souls, 64
• Slavery, recognized by religion, 1163
• Slaves, slaughter of, as offering, 1028
• Smith, W. R., his theory of sacrifice, 1045 f.
• Sneezing, ominous significance of, 916
• Societies, secret, savage, 174, 1096;
  • voluntary, antitotemic, 529
• Society, magical, supposed origin of totemism, 546
• Socrates, his belief in divination, 931
• Soil, fertilization of, by blood, 133
• 637Solidarity, tribal, religious significance of, 1041
• Solomon, as magician, 902 n. 4
• Solstices, fixing of calendars by, 211, 215 f.
• Soma, deification of, 270
• Songs, savage, 106
• Sortes vergilianae, 918
• Soul, the, function of, in dreams, 921;
  • as god, 62;
  • hidden, 31;
  • terms for, 21 n. 1
• Souls, number of, how determined, 42;
  • transmigration of, 243
• Space, Endless, personalized, 703
• Spirit, definition of, 100;
  • guardian, adoption of, by individual, 533;
  • lying, sent by Yahweh, 922 second n. 1;
  • relation of, to soul, 43
• Spirits, corporeal nature of, 140;
  • how different from gods, 635;
  • guardian, function of, 504
• Sponsors, savage, 174 n. 2
• Stability, offerings for, 1028
• Statius, gods produced by fear, 6 n. 3
• Stigmata, 118 n. 6
• Stonehenge, 296
• Stones, supposed to be phalli, 400
• Stucken, astral theory of, 866
• Styx, the, oath by, 308
• Substitution, sacrificial, 1054
• Suffering, as expiatory, 1041
• Suicide, a, body of, why feared, 590
• Suicide, effect of, on future state, 75
• Sun, the, as old man, 849;
  • deification of, 709 ff.
• Sun-gods, 726 f., 730, 753, 797, 972
• Swan-maiden, the, 243
• Swoon, produced by withdrawal of soul, 29
• Systems, philosophical, not churches, 1102;
  • religious, groups of, 944
•  
• Taboo, conflict of, with morality, 632;
  • infection of, 586
• Taboos, priestly, 1063;
  • rearrangement of, 149
• Tales, fairy, 881
• Tamē, Hebrew, significance of, 626
• Tammuz, cult of, not a mystery, 1100;
  • mourning for, 959 n. 5;
  • relation of, to Adonis, 271;
  • to Ishtar, 1066
• Tanit, 410, 764
• Tao, meaning of, 749
• Taoism, how made a religion, 1103
• Tari, Khond, as opponent of sun-god, 972
• Tarsus, seat of Mithraic worship, 1101
• Tartarus, punishments in, 84
• Tattoo, religious significance of, 116, 72
• Taylor, Jeremy, his view of prayer, 120 n. 3
• Teknonymy, origin of, 187
• Telugus, the, Christianization of, 1144
• Temenos, sanctity of, 1082
• Temple, the, development of, 1083 ff.
• Temples, called mountains, 305 n. 1;
  • fire-, Persian, 320
• Teraphim, nature of, 1092
• Terrors, supernatural, devised by clan-leaders, 150
• Testament, New, resurrection in, 90
• Thanksgiving, by sacrifice, 1033
• Theism, Semitic and Indo-European, 810 ff.
• Thesmophoria, the, sadness in, 221
• Things, nonhuman, future existence of, 97
• Thousand and One Nights, magicians in, 902
• Thrace, orgiastic cults derived from, 1101
• Threshold, sacredness of, 236
• Thugs, the, piety of, 693
• Thumos, the, character of, in Homer, 43
• Thunder-bird, the, 334
• Tiamat, conquest of, 686;
  • cosmogonic function of, 316
• Tibet, Buddhism in, 1142
• Tiele, C. P., his theory of sacrifice, 1051 f.
• Tierra del Fuego, social and religious organization in, 13
• Time, divinization of, 698, 703 n. 6;
  • Endless, 703
• Tistrya, divine character of, 718
• Titans, the, war of, against Zeus, 974
• Tobacco, food offered to gods, 1025
• Todas, the, buffalo-ritual of, 1056;
  • dairy fire of, 321;
  • dairymen of, 337;
  • diviners of, 929;
  • taboo days of, 604
• 638Tooth, knocking out of, 151
• Totem, the, not a god, 559;
  • sacramental eating of, 579
• Totemism, beginnings of, 561 f.;
  • coalescence of, with tree-worship, 273;
  • definition of, 463, 520 f.
• Totems, artificial, origin of, 463 n. 2
• Traducianism, 37
• Triad, Babylonian, 757
• Trinity, the, doctrine of, 1002
• Turtle, the, cult of, 257;
  • use of, as messenger, 1024
• Twins, presage of misfortune, 913
• Tylor, E. B., mythical theory of, 877
•  
• Unclean, meaning of, in Old Testament, 38
• Underworld, the, ethical conceptions of, 80;
  • gods of, 680 ff.;
  • Plato's construction of, 87;
  • separation in, between good and bad, 81 f.
• Union with God, idea of, moral influence of, 1054
• Unitary view of divine control, 1149
• Unity, religious, basis of, 1147;
  • savage and civilized, 1152
• Universality, religious, test of, 1141
• Universe, perfectness of, how held to be implied, 1173
• Upanishads, the, produced no devotional organization, 1103
• Urim and thummim, nature of, 918
• Uzza, Al-, not star-god, 717
•  
• Vampire, the, 88
• Varro, abode assigned the dead by, 85 n. 6
• Varuna, comparison of, with Iranian Ahura, 991;
  • nature of, 730
• Vastoshpati, 672
• Veda, the, local deities in, 651;
  • tree-spirits in, 278
• Veddas, the, social and religious organization of, 13
• Vegetation, as source of myths, 55;
  • Osiris as deity of, 728
• Venus, development of, 808 f.;
  • the bearded, 408
• Vesta, origin of, 805
• Vestalia, the, sadness in, 221
• Vetala, original character of, 645
• Victory as god, origin of, 696
• Vishnu, history of, 733
• Volcanus, origin of, obscure, 802
• Voltaire, the "Candide" of, 1173 n.
•  
• Wakes, Irish, origin of, 364
• War, future of those killed in, 75;
  • sacrifices in, 1035
• Water, substitutes for, in purificatory ceremonies, 199
• Waters, sacred, 306 ff.
• Week, the seven-day, 607, 610
• Werwolf, the, 243
• Wicked, the, annihilation of, 52
• Winds, whether divinized, 326 f.
• Wisdom of Solomon, the Devil in, 689
• Witches, Thessalian, 895
• Wives, slaughter of, as offering, 1028
• Wollunqua, the, unique kind of totem, 576
• Woman, magical dread of, 592
• Women, alleged early scarcity of, 430;
  • devotion of, to cult of linga, 394;
  • exclusion of, from ceremonies, 592;
  • favored by Therapeutae, 1124;
  • honor shown to, after death, 370;
  • magical power of, 895 f.;
  • of Baganda, economic function of, 461
• Word "church," larger sense of, 1112
• World, the, future destruction of, 836;
  • relation of, to God, 1159;
  • savage conception of unity of, 885 f.
• Worship, forms of, 1081 ff.;
  • phallic, whether connected with circumcision, 158;
  • practically universal, 1017
•  
• Xanthus, the, river or god in the Iliad, 312
•  
• Yaçna xvii, conception of worship in, 320
• Yahweh, development of, 765;
  • dreams sent by, 922;
  • early cult of, 649;
  • pillars of temple of, 299
• Yama, history of, 735 ff.
• Year, sabbatic, Hebrew, 622
• Yeast, prohibition of, 265 n. 1
• Yezidis, the, attitude of, toward Satan, 693
• 639Yggdrasil, nature of, 276
• Yima, 735
• Yoni, the, veneration of, 406
• Yoruba, gods of, 660;
  • rebellion in, against old custom, 628
•  
• Zealand, New, cosmology of, 679 n. 4;
  • despotism of taboo in, 621;
  • planting-taboos in, 599
• Zeus, 768 f.;
  • dream sent by, 922
• Zikkurat (Ziggurat), the, Babylonian and Assyrian, 1086
• Zodiac, signs of, cult of, 716
• Zoroaster, 745;
  • verses ascribed to, 1132
• Zoroastrianism, pre-Sassanian, 1109
• Zuñi, the, economic ceremonies of, 497